| Biomedical differences between human and nonhuman hominids: potential roles for uniquely human aspects of sialic acid biology. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21073341 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Although humans are genetically very similar to the evolutionarily related nonhuman hominids (chimpanzees, bonobos, gorillas, and orangutans), comparative studies suggest a surprising number of uniquely human differences in the incidence and/or severity of biomedical conditions. Some differences are due to anatomical changes that occurred during human evolution. However, many cannot be explained either by these changes or by known environmental factors. Because chimpanzees were long considered models for human disease, it is important to be aware of these differences, which appear to have been deemphasized relative to similarities. We focus on the pathophysiology and pathobiology of biomedical conditions that appear unique to humans, including several speculative possibilities that require further study. We pay particular attention to the possible contributions of uniquely human changes in the biology of cell-surface sialic acids and the proteins that recognize them. We also discuss the metabolic incorporation of a diet-derived nonhuman sialic acid, which generates a novel xeno-autoantigen reaction, and chronic inflammation known as xenosialitis. |
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Authors:
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Nissi M Varki; Elizabeth Strobert; Edward J Dick; Kurt Benirschke; Ajit Varki |
Publication Detail:
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Type: Comparative Study; Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Annual review of pathology Volume: 6 ISSN: 1553-4014 ISO Abbreviation: Annu Rev Pathol Publication Date: 2011 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-01-25 Completed Date: 2011-04-25 Revised Date: 2012-03-14 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101275111 Medline TA: Annu Rev Pathol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 365-93 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Glycobiology Research and Training Center, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, 92093-0687, USA. varkiadmin@ucsd.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animal Diseases
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physiopathology* Animals Biological Evolution Disease Models, Animal* Hominidae / anatomy & histology*, physiology* Humans N-Acetylneuraminic Acid / physiology* Species Specificity |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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131-48-6/N-Acetylneuraminic Acid |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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