| Benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications for prevention of lethality from acute cocaine toxicity in animal models-A systematic review and meta-analysis. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 21382911 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
There are no controlled human studies to determine the efficacy of benzodiazepines or antipsychotic medications for prevention or treatment of acute cocaine toxicity. The only available controlled data are from animal models and these studies have reported inconsistent benefits. The objective of this study was to quantify the reported efficacy of benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medication for the prevention of mortality due to cocaine poisoning. We conducted a systematic review to identify English language articles describing experiments that compared a benzodiazepine or antipsychotic medication to placebo for the prevention of acute cocaine toxicity in an animal model. We then used these articles in a meta-analysis with a random-effects model to quantify the absolute risk reduction observed in these experiments. We found 10 articles evaluating antipsychotic medications and 15 articles evaluating benzodiazepines. Antipsychotic medications reduced the risk of death by 27% (95% CI, 15.2%-38.7%) compared to placebo and benzodiazepines reduced the risk of death by 52% (42.8%-60.7%) compared to placebo. Both treatments showed evidence of a dose-response effect, and no experiment found a statistically significant increase in risk of death. We conclude that both benzodiazepines and antipsychotic medications are effective for the prevention of lethality from cocaine toxicity in animal models. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Kennon Heard; Nathan R Cleveland; Shay Krier |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-3-7 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Human & experimental toxicology Volume: - ISSN: 1477-0903 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Mar |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2011-3-8 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 9004560 Medline TA: Hum Exp Toxicol Country: - |
Other Details:
|
Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
|
Rocky Mountain Poison and Drug Center, Denver, CO, USA. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
|
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Pringle maneuver exacerbates systemic inflammatory response and multiple organ injury induced by ext...
Next Document: Human poisoning with spinosad and flonicamid insecticides.