| Bauer ketones 23 and 24 from Echinacea paradoxa var. paradoxa inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced nitric oxide, prostaglandin E2 and cytokines in RAW264.7 mouse macrophages. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22133644 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Among the nine Echinacea species, E. purpurea, E. angustifolia and E. pallida, have been widely used to treat the common cold, flu and other infections. In this study, ethanol extracts of these three Echinacea species and E. paradoxa, including its typical variety, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, were screened in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated macrophage cells to assess potential anti-inflammatory activity. E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, rich in polyenes/polyacetylenes, was an especially efficient inhibitor of LPS-induced production of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) by 46%, 32%, 53% and 26%, respectively, when tested at 20μg/ml in comparison to DMSO control. By bioactivity-guided fractionation, pentadeca-8Z-ene-11, 13-diyn-2-one (Bauer ketone 23) and pentadeca-8Z, 13Z-dien-11-yn-2-one (Bauer ketone 24) from E. paradoxa var. paradoxa were found primarily responsible for inhibitory effects on NO and PGE2 production. Moreover, Bauer ketone 24 was the major contributor to inhibition of inflammatory cytokine production in LPS-induced mouse macrophage cells. These results provide a rationale for exploring the medicinal effects of the Bauer ketone-rich taxon, E. paradoxa var. paradoxa, and confirm the anti-inflammatory properties of Bauer ketones 23 and 24. |
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Authors:
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Xiaozhu Zhang; Ludmila Rizshsky; Catherine Hauck; Luping Qu; Mark P Widrlechner; Basil J Nikolau; Patricia A Murphy; Diane F Birt |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-29 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Phytochemistry Volume: - ISSN: 1873-3700 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-12-2 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0151434 Medline TA: Phytochemistry Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. |
Affiliation:
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Center for Research on Botanical Dietary Supplements, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology Interdepartmental Graduate Program, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA; Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA. |
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