| Ballistic Fractures: Indirect Fracture to Bone. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21926649 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND:: Two mechanisms of injury, the temporary cavity and the sonic wave, have been proposed to produce indirect fractures as a projectile passes nearby in tissue. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the temporal relationship of pressure waves using strain gauge technology and high-speed video to elucidate whether the sonic wave, the temporary cavity, or both are responsible for the formation of indirect fractures. METHODS:: Twenty-eight fresh frozen cadaveric diaphyseal tibia (2) and femurs (26) were implanted into ordnance gelatin blocks. Shots were fired using 9- and 5.56-mm bullets traversing through the gelatin only, passing close to the edge of the bone, but not touching, to produce an indirect fracture. High-speed video of the impact event was collected at 20,000 frames/s. Acquisition of the strain data were synchronized with the video at 20,000 Hz. The exact time of fracture was determined by analyzing and comparing the strain gauge output and video. RESULTS:: Twenty-eight shots were fired, 2 with 9-mm bullets and 26 with 5.56-mm bullets. Eight indirect fractures that occurred were of a simple (oblique or wedge) pattern. Comparison of the average distance of the projectile from the bone was 9.68 mm (range, 3-20 mm) for fractured specimens and 15.15 mm (range, 7-28 mm) for nonfractured specimens (Student's t test, p = 0.036). CONCLUSIONS:: In this study, indirect fractures were produced after passage of the projectile. Thus, the temporary cavity, not the sonic wave, was responsible for the indirect fractures. |
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Authors:
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Paul J Dougherty; Don Sherman; Nathan Dau; Cynthia Bir |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-9-15 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of trauma Volume: - ISSN: 1529-8809 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-9-19 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0376373 Medline TA: J Trauma Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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From the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery (P.J.D.), University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan; and the Department of Biomedical Engineering (D.S., N.D., C.B.), Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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