| Autophagy and Heart Failure: A Possible Role for Homocysteine. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21910028 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Autophagy is a process used for intracellular digestion of organelles and proteins and has special relevance to the long-lived cardiomyocytes in heart disease. The pathway for autophagy and all its mediators remain to be elucidated, but involve such proteins as Atg, Beclin-1, LAMP-2, BH3, Bcl2, PI3K Kinase as well as a plethora of others. It is still not entirely clear whether autophagy is destructive or beneficial to the cell; evidence suggests that the answer is case-specific. For instance, autophagy appears to preserve cell life under cases of ischemia in I/R injury, but is detrimental during reperfusion. High levels of homocysteine (Hcy), a sulfur-containing amino acid, have been shown to be an independent risk factor for chronic heart failure. There are several links to induction and repression of autophagy and Hcy; the following connections to Hcy and autophagy have been made: intracellular nitrous oxide production, intracellular calcium production, and reactive oxygen species production. Further work remains to be elucidated concerning the specific mechanisms under which autophagy occurs and possible Hcy-mediated connections. Moreover, the therapeutic implications might be of some promise to patients. |
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Authors:
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Thomas P Vacek; Jonathan C Vacek; Neetu Tyagi; Suresh C Tyagi |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-9-11 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Cell biochemistry and biophysics Volume: - ISSN: 1559-0283 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Sep |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-9-12 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9701934 Medline TA: Cell Biochem Biophys Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, KY, 40202, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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