Document Detail


Australian venomous jellyfish, envenomation syndromes, toxins and therapy.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  16928389     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
The seas and oceans around Australia harbour numerous venomous jellyfish. Chironex fleckeri, the box jellyfish, is the most lethal causing rapid cardiorespiratory depression and although its venom has been characterised, its toxins remain to be identified. A moderately effective antivenom exists which is also partially effective against another chirodropid, Chiropsalmus sp. Numerous carybdeids, some unidentified, cause less severe illness, including Carybdea rastoni whose toxins CrTX-A and CrTX-B are large proteins. Carukia barnesi, another small carybdeid is one cause of the 'Irukandji' syndrome which includes delayed pain from severe muscle cramping, vomiting, anxiety, restlessness, sweating and prostration, and occasionally severe hypertension and acute cardiac failure. The syndrome is in part caused by release of catecholamines but the cause of heart failure is undefined. The venom contains a sodium channel modulator. Two species of Physalia are present and although one is potentially lethal, has not caused death in Australian waters. Other significant genera of jellyfish include Tamoya, Pelagia, Cyanea, Aurelia and Chyrosaora.
Authors:
James Tibballs
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Review     Date:  2006-07-15
Journal Detail:
Title:  Toxicon : official journal of the International Society on Toxinology     Volume:  48     ISSN:  0041-0101     ISO Abbreviation:  Toxicon     Publication Date:  2006 Dec 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2006-11-20     Completed Date:  2007-01-11     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  1307333     Medline TA:  Toxicon     Country:  England    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  830-59     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Australian Venom Research Unit, Department of Pharmacology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia. james.tibballs@rch.org.au
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Acetic Acid / administration & dosage,  therapeutic use*
Administration, Topical
Adolescent
Adult
Animals
Antivenins / therapeutic use*
Australia
Bites and Stings / physiopathology*,  therapy
Child
Cnidarian Venoms / isolation & purification,  toxicity*
Cubozoa / anatomy & histology,  growth & development*,  physiology
First Aid
Humans
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Antivenins; 0/Cnidarian Venoms; 64-19-7/Acetic Acid

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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