Document Detail


Assessment of exposure to opiates and cocaine during pregnancy in a Mediterranean city: preliminary results of the "Meconium Project".
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  15923097     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
For the first time in Europe, the "Meconium Project" aimed to estimate the prevalence of drug use by pregnant women and the effects of exposure to illicit drugs during pregnancy on the fetus and infant. Between October 2002 and February 2004, 1151 (79%) dyads among the 1439 mother-infant dyads from the Hospital del Mar, Barcelona, Spain, met eligibility criteria and agreed to participate in the study. We present preliminary results on the first 830 meconium samples and 549 mother-infant dyads, for which statistical analysis of socio-economic and demographic characteristics and newborn somatometry was completed. The meconium analysis showed an overall 7.9% positivity for drugs of abuse, with 6-monoacetylmorphine and cocaine being the analytes, most frequently found in samples positive for opiates and cocaine. Structured interview disclosed 1.3, 1.8 and 1.3% of mothers exposed to opiates, cocaine and both drugs, while only one mother declared ecstasy consumption. Meconium analysis showed that prevalence of opiates, cocaine and combined drugs exposure was 8.7, 4.4 and 2.2%, respectively, and confirmed the case of ecstasy use. Arecoline, the main areca nut alkaloid, was found in meconium specimens from four Asiatic newborns, whose mothers declared beetle nut consumption during pregnancy. Parental ethnicity was not associated with drug use, nor was the social class, although a higher tendency toward drug consumption was observed in professional and partly skilled mothers. Drug consuming mothers showed a higher number of previous pregnancies and abortions (p<0.05) when compared to non-consumer mothers (meconium negative test), probably due to a lack of family planning. Consumption of opiates and cocaine during pregnancy was associated with active tobacco smoking, a higher number of smoked cigarettes and cannabis use. Exposure status and smoking behavior correlated with significantly lower birth weight in newborns from mothers exposed only to cocaine and to opiates and cocaine simultaneously. Of the four newborns exposed to arecoline, one showed a low birth weight, low intrauterine growth, hyporeflexia and hypotonia.
Authors:
Simona Pichini; Carme Puig; Piergiorgio Zuccaro; Emilia Marchei; Manuela Pellegrini; Janeth Murillo; Oriol Vall; Roberta Pacifici; Oscar García-Algar
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't    
Journal Detail:
Title:  Forensic science international     Volume:  153     ISSN:  0379-0738     ISO Abbreviation:  Forensic Sci. Int.     Publication Date:  2005 Oct 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2005-07-25     Completed Date:  2005-09-22     Revised Date:  2006-11-15    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  7902034     Medline TA:  Forensic Sci Int     Country:  Ireland    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  59-65     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Drug Research and Evaluation Department, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Abortion, Induced / statistics & numerical data
Adult
Arecoline / analysis
Body Height
Cholinergic Agonists / analysis
Cocaine / analysis*
Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors / analysis*
Female
Forensic Medicine
Gravidity
Hallucinogens / analysis
Humans
Infant, Low Birth Weight
Infant, Newborn
Italy / epidemiology
Marijuana Smoking / epidemiology
Maternal-Fetal Exchange*
Meconium / chemistry*
N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine / analysis
Narcotics / analysis*
Pregnancy
Smoking / epidemiology
Spain / epidemiology
Substance Abuse Detection
Substance-Related Disorders / diagnosis
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Cholinergic Agonists; 0/Dopamine Uptake Inhibitors; 0/Hallucinogens; 0/Narcotics; 42542-10-9/N-Methyl-3,4-methylenedioxyamphetamine; 50-36-2/Cocaine; 63-75-2/Arecoline

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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