| Assessing risk to humans from chemical exposure by using non-animal test data. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 16115747 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
The use of data from non-animal toxicity methods in risk assessment has mainly been limited to hazard identification and for elucidating mechanisms of toxicity. However, there is a need to extend the use of in vitro tests to hazard characterisation and risk assessment. This might be feasible by: (a) increased use of human cells of different types; (b) better maintenance of differentiated cells in culture for long periods; (c) use of genetically-engineered cells with useful characteristics; (d) development of complex organotypic cell systems; (e) development of co-cultures of different cell types; and (f) development of techniques for long term culturing, repeat dosing and assessment of recovery. Also, it will be necessary to obtain more information on the differences between cells in culture and in situ in tissues, and on the effects of dosing in vitro and in vivo, to develop realistic and meaningful uncertainty factors to allow in vitro information to be used for risk assessment in its own right, and in conjunction with animal data. These issues and a suggested proposal for using in vitro data in risk assessment are discussed. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Robert D Combes |
Related Documents
:
|
8786217 - In vitro cultivation of angiostrongylus costaricensis eggs to first stage larvae in che... 16831437 - Ultrastructure of preimplantation genetic diagnosis-derived human blastocysts grown in ... 16727707 - In vitro maturation, fertilization and culture to blastocysts of bovine oocytes in prot... 16272157 - Phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase activity is critical for glucose metabolism and embryo su... 324897 - Non-specific suppression of the initiation of the immune response to a heterologous imm... 6373717 - Interaction of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of clindamycin and escherichia coli... |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article Date: 2005-08-22 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Toxicology in vitro : an international journal published in association with BIBRA Volume: 19 ISSN: 0887-2333 ISO Abbreviation: Toxicol In Vitro Publication Date: 2005 Oct |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2005-11-02 Completed Date: 2006-11-07 Revised Date: 2009-04-10 |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 8712158 Medline TA: Toxicol In Vitro Country: England |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 921-4 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
FRAME, 96-98 North Sherwood Street, Nottingham, NG1 4EE, UK. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Animal Testing Alternatives* Cells, Cultured Coculture Techniques Humans Reproducibility of Results Risk Assessment / methods* Tissue Culture Techniques Toxicity Tests / methods* Uncertainty |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Alternative techniques to labour epidural analgesia
Next Document: Postnatal ethanol exposure disrupts signal detection in adult rats.