| Are manual workers at higher risk of death than non-manual employees when living in Swedish municipalities with higher income inequality? | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 16899476 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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OBJECTIVES: To test the hypothesis that manual workers are at higher risk of death than are non-manual employees when living in municipalities with higher income inequality. DESIGN: Hierarchical regression was used for the analysis were individuals were nested within municipalities according to the 1990 Swedish census. The outcome was all-cause mortality 1992-1998. The income measure at the individual level was disposable family income weighted against composition of family; the income inequality measure used at the municipality level was the Gini coefficient. PARTICIPANTS: The study population consisted of 1 578 186 people aged 40-64 years in the 1990 Swedish census, who were being reported as unskilled or skilled manual workers, lower-, intermediate-, or high-level non-manual employees. RESULTS: There was no significant association between income inequality at the municipality level and risk of death, but an expected gradient with unskilled manual workers having the highest risk and high-level non-manual employees having the lowest. However, in the interaction models the relative risk (RR) of death for high-level non-manual employees was decreasing with increasing income inequality (RR = 0.77; 95% CI, 0.63-0.93), whereas the corresponding risk for unskilled manual workers increased with increasing income inequality (RR = 1.24; 95% CI, 1.06-1.46). The RRs for skilled manual, low- and medium- level non-manual employees were not significant. Controlling for income at the individual level did not substantially alter these findings, neither did potential confounders at the municipality level. CONCLUSIONS: The findings suggest that there could be a differential impact from income inequality on risk of death, dependent on individuals' social position. |
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Authors:
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Göran Henriksson; Peter Allebeck; Gunilla Ringbäck Weitoft; Dag Thelle |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article Date: 2006-08-09 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: European journal of public health Volume: 17 ISSN: 1101-1262 ISO Abbreviation: Eur J Public Health Publication Date: 2007 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-03-27 Completed Date: 2007-09-18 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9204966 Medline TA: Eur J Public Health Country: England |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 139-44 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Social Medicine, Göteborg University SE 405 30 Göteborg, Sweden. goran.henriksson@socmed.gu.se |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Adult Censuses Employment / classification, economics*, statistics & numerical data Female Humans Income / classification, statistics & numerical data Male Middle Aged Occupational Diseases / mortality* Occupations / classification, economics*, statistics & numerical data Poisson Distribution Poverty Areas* Residence Characteristics / classification Risk Factors Social Class Sweden / epidemiology Urban Health / statistics & numerical data* Vulnerable Populations / statistics & numerical data* Workload / statistics & numerical data |
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