| Aquatic toxicity and biodegradability of advanced cationic surfactant APA-22 compatible with the aquatic environment. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 18781053 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Cationic surfactant is a chemical substance used in hair conditioner, fabric softener and other household products. By investigating the relationship between the aquatic toxicity and the chemical structures of two types of mono alkyl cationic surfactants, alkyl trimethylammonium salts and alkyl dimethylamine salts, we have found that the C22 alkyl chain length is effective to reduce the toxicity. Besides, we have recognized that the amidopropyl functional group contributes to the enhanced biodegradability by investigating the biodegradation trend of (alkylamidopropyl)dimethylamine salt (alkyl chain length: C18). Based on these findings, we have developed mono alkyl cationic surfactant called APA-22, N-[3-(dimethylamino)propyl]docosanamide salt. APA-22 is formed by the C22 alkyl chain, amidopropyl functional group and di-methyltertiary amine group. We evaluated the aerobic and anaerobic biodegradability of APA-22 by two standard methods (OECD Test Guideline 301B and ECETOC technical document No.28) and found that this substance was degraded rapidly in both conditions. The toxicity to algae, invertebrate and fish of this substance are evaluated by using OECD Test Guideline 201, 202 and 203, respectively. All acute toxicity values are >1 mg/L, which indicates that environmental toxicity of this substance is relatively less toxic to aquatic organism. In addition, we estimated the biodegradation pathway of APA-22 and observed the complete disappearance of APA-22 and its intermediates during the test periods. Based on the environmental data provided above, we concluded that APA22 is more compatible with the aquatic environment compared to other cationic surfactants with mono long alkyl chain. |
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Authors:
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Masayuki Yamane; Takamasa Toyo; Katsuhisa Inoue; Takaya Sakai; Youhei Kaneko; Naohiro Nishiyama |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of oleo science Volume: 57 ISSN: 1347-3352 ISO Abbreviation: J Oleo Sci Publication Date: 2008 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2008-09-10 Completed Date: 2008-12-16 Revised Date: 2009-08-11 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101175339 Medline TA: J Oleo Sci Country: Japan |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 529-38 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Safety Science Research Laboratories, Kao Corporation, Tochigi, Japan. Yamane.masayuki@kao.co.jp |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Acute Toxicity Tests Algae / drug effects Amides / metabolism*, toxicity* Animals Biodegradation, Environmental Cations / chemistry, metabolism, toxicity Daphnia / drug effects Fishes Hair Preparations / chemistry, metabolism, toxicity Molecular Structure Surface-Active Agents / chemistry, metabolism*, toxicity* Water / chemistry |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Amides; 0/Cations; 0/Hair Preparations; 0/N-(3-(dimethylamino)propyl)docosanamide; 0/Surface-Active Agents; 7732-18-5/Water |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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