| Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21714721 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Background and objectives: Antipsychotic medications are a potential cause of hyperprolactinaemia and may be implicated in the development of pituitary adenomas. This review examines the effect of different antipsychotic medications on prolactin and sexual function, and provides practical guidelines for investigation and management of antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia. Method: Literature review. Results and conclusions: Antipsychotic-induced hyperprolactinaemia occurs overall in up to 70% of patients with schizophrenia, depending on the medications used. It is associated with significant levels of hypogonadism and sexual dysfunction, which in general relates to the degree of prolactin elevation. A consequence of the hypogonadism is clinically significant bone loss which may lead to osteoporosis and increased risk of minimal trauma fracture. Where the potentially offending drug cannot be safely withdrawn to document a normal prolactin, imaging with MRI should be undertaken to exclude a structural pituitary lesion. The management strategy of choice is switching to a prolactin-sparing antipsychotic. Sex steroid replacement can reverse many of the adverse effects including the hypogonadal symptoms and bone loss. Low dose dopamine agonist therapy should be used with caution as a third line treatment, since there have been cases of dopamine agonist-induced exacerbation of psychosis. There is a need for a randomized controlled trial of low dose dopamine agonist therapy versus sex steroid replacement to establish the relative safety and efficacy of each approach. |
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Authors:
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Warrick J Inder; David Castle |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-6-30 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Australian and New Zealand journal of psychiatry Volume: - ISSN: 1440-1614 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Jun |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-6-30 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0111052 Medline TA: Aust N Z J Psychiatry Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, St Vincent's Hospital , 41 Victoria Parade, Fitzroy, Victoria 3065 , Australia. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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