| Antimicrobial peptides in periodontal innate defense. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22142958 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The development of oral biofilms and the host response to biofilm bacteria and their toxins are important factors in the development of periodontal disease. An early component of the host response is the secretion of antimicrobial proteins and peptides (AMPs) by salivary glands, oral epithelial cells and neutrophils. Over 45 AMPs have been identified in the oral cavity. All are found in saliva and several are also present in gingival crevicular fluid. Of these, 13 are up regulated in periodontal disease while 11 are downregulated. However, the concentrations of most AMPs found in oral fluids are below the effective in vitro concentrations, suggesting that local concentrations must be higher for effect or that additional biological functions are important in the oral cavity. Thus, in addition to direct antibacterial activity (e.g. bactericidal activity, bacterial agglutination), AMPs may affect the course of periodontal disease by inactivating bacterial or host proteases (e.g. secretory leukoprotease inhibitor) or bind bacterial toxins, including lipopolysaccharides (e.g. LL-37). Several AMPs (e.g. defensins) also act as immune system alarmins, i.e. endogenous mediators that recruit and activate antigen-presenting cells to enhance innate and adaptive immune responses. The differential regulation of AMP expression in periodontal disease suggests that AMP panels, including up- and downregulated proteins, can be used in oral fluid diagnosis of periodontal disease and to monitor treatment outcome. |
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Authors:
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Sven-Ulrik Gorr |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Date: 2011-11-11 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Frontiers of oral biology Volume: 15 ISSN: 1420-2433 ISO Abbreviation: Front Oral Biol Publication Date: 2012 |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-12-06 Completed Date: 2012-01-10 Revised Date: 2012-04-13 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9812095 Medline TA: Front Oral Biol Country: Switzerland |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 84-98 Citation Subset: D; IM |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2012 S. Karger AG, Basel. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Diagnostic and Biological Sciences, University of Minnesota School of Dentistry, Minneapolis, MN, USA. surgorr@umn.edu |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Antigen-Presenting Cells Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides / biosynthesis, physiology* Bacterial Toxins / metabolism Biofilms Biological Markers Epithelial Cells / metabolism Gene Expression Profiling Gingival Crevicular Fluid / chemistry Humans Immunity, Innate* Mouth Mucosa / cytology Neutrophils / metabolism Periodontal Diseases / immunology*, microbiology* Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory / physiology Salivary Proteins and Peptides / physiology* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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1R01 DE017989/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS; 2R01 DE012205/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS; R01 DE017989-03/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Antimicrobial Cationic Peptides; 0/BPIFA2 protein, human; 0/Bacterial Toxins; 0/Biological Markers; 0/Proteinase Inhibitory Proteins, Secretory; 0/Salivary Proteins and Peptides |
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