| Antibiotics and antifungals in neonatal intensive care units: a review. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17309846 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The incidence of infections is higher in the neonatal period than at any time of life. The basic treatment of infants with infection has not changed substantially over the last years. Antibiotics (with or without supportive care) are one of the most valuable resources in managing sick newborn babies. Early-onset (ascending or transplacental) or late-onset (hospital acquired) infections present different chronology, epidemiology, physiology and outcome. Some classes of antibiotics are frequently used in the neonatal period: penicillins, cephalosporins, aminoglycosides, glycopeptides, monobactams, carbapenems. Other classes of antibiotics (chloramphenicol, cotrimoxazole, macrolides, clindamycin, rifampicin and metronidazole) are rarely used. Due to emergence of resistant bacterial strains in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICU), other classes of antibiotics such as quinolones and linezolid will probably increase their therapeutic role in the future. Although new formulations have been developed for treatment of fungal infections in infants, amphotericin B remains first-line treatment for systemic Candida infection. Prophylactic antibiotic therapy is almost always undesirable. Challenges from pathogens and antibiotic resistance in the NICU may warrant modification of traditional antibiotic regimens. Knowledge of local flora and practical application of different antibiotic characteristics are key to an effective and safe utilization of antibiotics and antifungals in critical newborns admitted to the NICU, and especially in very low birth weight infants. |
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Authors:
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V Fanos; L Cuzzolin; A Atzei; M Testa |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Review |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of chemotherapy (Florence, Italy) Volume: 19 ISSN: 1120-009X ISO Abbreviation: J Chemother Publication Date: 2007 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-02-20 Completed Date: 2007-04-10 Revised Date: 2009-08-04 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8907348 Medline TA: J Chemother Country: Italy |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 5-20 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Neonatal Intensive Care Unit - University of Cagliari, Italy. vafanos@tiscali.it |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Anti-Bacterial Agents
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therapeutic use* Antibiotic Prophylaxis Antifungal Agents / therapeutic use* Drug Resistance, Microbial Humans Infant, Newborn Intensive Care Units, Neonatal* Sepsis / drug therapy* |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Anti-Bacterial Agents; 0/Antifungal Agents |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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