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Antibacterial activity of sphingoid bases and fatty acids against gram-positive bacteria and gram-negative bacteria.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  22155833     Owner:  NLM     Status:  Publisher    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
There is growing evidence that the role of lipids in innate immunity is more important than previously realized. How lipids interact with bacteria to achieve a level of protection, however, is still poorly understood. To begin to address mechanisms of antibacterial activity, we determined minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) of lipids common to the skin and oral cavity: sphingoid bases D-sphingosine, phytosphingosine, and dihydrosphingosine, and fatty acids sapienic acid and lauric acid, against four gram-negative bacteria and seven gram-positive bacteria. Exact Kruskal-Wallis tests of these values showed differences among lipid treatments (p = <0.0001) for each bacterial species except S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa. D-sphingosine (MBC range 0.3 - 19.6 μg/ml), dihydrosphingosine (MBC range 0.6 - 39.1 μg/ml), and phytosphingosine (MBC range 3.3 - 62.5 μg/ml) were active against all bacteria except S. marcescens and P. aeruginosa (MBC >500 μg/ml). Sapienic acid (MBC range 31.3 - 375.0 μg/ml) was active against S. sanguinis, S. mitis, and F. nucleatum but not active against E. coli, S. aureus, S. marcescens, P. aeruginosa, C. bovis, C. striatum, and C. jeikeium (MBC >500 μg/ml). Lauric acid (MBC range 6.8 - 375.0 μg/ml) was active against all bacteria except E. coli, S. marcescens, and P. aeruginosa (MBC >500 μg/ml). Complete killing was achieved as soon as 0.5 hours for some lipids but took as long as 24 hours for others. Hence, sphingoid bases and fatty acids have differential antibacterial activity and may have potential for prophylactic or therapeutic intervention of infection.
Authors:
Carol L Fischer; David Drake; Deborah V Dawson; Derek R Blanchette; Kim A Brogden; Philip W Wertz
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Publication Detail:
Type:  JOURNAL ARTICLE     Date:  2011-12-12
Journal Detail:
Title:  Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1098-6596     ISO Abbreviation:  -     Publication Date:  2011 Dec 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-12-13     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  0315061     Medline TA:  Antimicrob Agents Chemother     Country:  -    
Other Details:
Languages:  ENG     Pagination:  -     Citation Subset:  -    
Affiliation:
Dows Institute for Dental Research.
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