| Anti-HIV and Immunomodulation Activities of Cacao Mass Lignin-CarbohydrateComplex. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21471539 Owner: NLM Status: In-Data-Review |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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BACKGROUND: Recently, a prominent antiviral and macrophage stimulatory activity of cacao lignin-carbohydrate complex (LCC) has been reported. However, the solubility and sterility of LCC have not been considered yet. In the present study, complete solubilisation and sterilisation was achieved by autoclaving under mild alkaline conditions and the previously reported biological activities were re-examined. MATERIALS AND METHODS: LCCs were obtained by 1% NaOH extraction and acid precipitation, and a repeated extraction-precipitation cycle. Nitric oxide (NO) and cytokine productions were assayed by the Griess method and ELISA, respectively. Inducible NO synthase (iNOS) expression was determined by Western blot analysis. Superoxide anion, hydroxyl radical and nitric oxide radical-scavenging activity was determined by ESR spectroscopy. RESULTS: Cacao mass LCC showed reproducibly higher anti-HIV activity than cacao husk LCC. Cacao mass LCC, up to 62.5 μg/ml, did not stimulate mouse macrophage-like cells (RAW264.7 and J774.1) to produce NO, nor did it induce iNOS protein, in contrast to lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Cacao mass LCC and LPS synergistically stimulated iNOS protein expression, suggesting a different point of action. Cacao mass LCC induced tumour necrosis factor-α production markedly less than LPS, and did not induce interleukin-1β, interferon-α or interferon-γ. ESR spectroscopy showed that cacao mass LCC, but not LPS, scavenged NO produced from NOC-7. CONCLUSION: This study demonstrated several new biological activities of LCCs distinct from LPS and further confirmed the promising antiviral and immunomodulating activities of LCCs. |
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Authors:
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Hiroshi Sakagami; Michiyo Kawano; May Maw Thet; Ken Hashimoto; Kazue Satoh; Taisei Kanamoto; Shigemi Terakubo; Hideki Nakashima; Yuji Haishima; Yuuichi Maeda; Koji Sakurai |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: In vivo (Athens, Greece) Volume: 25 ISSN: 1791-7549 ISO Abbreviation: In Vivo Publication Date: 2011 Mar-Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-04-07 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8806809 Medline TA: In Vivo Country: Greece |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 229-36 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Division of Pharmacology, Department of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Sciences, Meikai University School of Dentistry, Sakado, Saitama 350-0283, Japan. sakagami@dent.meikai.ac.jp. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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