| Amino acids suppress apoptosis induced by sodium laurate, an absorption enhancer. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19630065 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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The formulation containing sodium laurate (C12), an absorption enhancer, and several amino acids such as taurine (Tau) and L-glutamine (L-Gln) is a promising preparation that can safely improve the intestinal absorption of poorly absorbable drugs. The safety for intestinal mucosa is achieved because the amino acids prevent C12 from causing mucosal damages via several mechanisms. In the present study, the possible involvement of apoptosis, programmed cell death, in mucosal damages caused by C12 and cytoprotection by amino acids was examined. C12 induced DNA fragmentation, a typical phenomenon of apoptosis, in rat large-intestinal epithelial cells while the addition of amino acids significantly attenuated it. C12 alone significantly increased the release of cytochrome C, an apoptosis-inducing factor, from mitochondria, which could be via the decrease in the level of Bcl-2, an inhibiting factor of cytochrome C release. The enhancement of cytochrome C release by C12 led to the activation of caspase 9, an initiator enzyme, and the subsequent activation of caspase 3, an effector enzyme. On the other hand, Tau or L-Gln significantly suppressed the release of cytochrome C from mitochondria and attenuated the activities of both caspases, which could be attributed to the maintenance of Bcl-2 expression. |
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Authors:
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Chie Takayama; Fuyuki Mukaizawa; Takuya Fujita; Ken-ichi Ogawara; Kazutaka Higaki; Toshikiro Kimura |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of pharmaceutical sciences Volume: 98 ISSN: 1520-6017 ISO Abbreviation: J Pharm Sci Publication Date: 2009 Dec |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-11-02 Completed Date: 2010-02-09 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 2985195R Medline TA: J Pharm Sci Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 4629-38 Citation Subset: IM |
Copyright Information:
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2009 Wiley-Liss, Inc. and the American Pharmacists Association |
Affiliation:
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Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama University, 1-1-1 Tsushima-naka, Okayama 700-8530, Japan. |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acids
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pharmacology* Animals Apoptosis / drug effects* Blotting, Western Caspases / metabolism Colon / cytology, drug effects Cytochromes c / metabolism DNA Fragmentation / drug effects Epithelial Cells / drug effects Excipients / toxicity* Genes, bcl-2 / drug effects Glycine / pharmacology Intestinal Absorption / drug effects Lauric Acids / antagonists & inhibitors*, toxicity* Male Mitochondria / drug effects, metabolism Rats Rats, Wistar Taurine / pharmacology Trypan Blue |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Amino Acids; 0/Excipients; 0/Lauric Acids; 107-35-7/Taurine; 143-07-7/lauric acid; 56-40-6/Glycine; 72-57-1/Trypan Blue; 9007-43-6/Cytochromes c; EC 3.4.22.-/Caspases |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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