| Amino acids and insulin control autophagic proteolysis through different signaling pathways in relation to mTOR in isolated rat hepatocytes. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 14610086 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Autophagy, a major bulk proteolytic pathway, contributes to intracellular protein turnover, together with protein synthesis. Both are subject to dynamic control by amino acids and insulin. The mechanisms of signaling and cross-talk of their physiological anabolic effects remain elusive. Recent studies established that amino acids and insulin induce p70 S6 kinase (p70(S6k)) phosphorylation by mTOR, involved in translational control of protein synthesis. Here, the signaling mechanisms of amino acids and insulin in macroautophagy in relation to mTOR were investigated. In isolated rat hepatocytes, both regulatory amino acids (RegAA) and insulin coordinately activated p70(S6k) phosphorylation, which was completely blocked by rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor. However, rapamycin blocked proteolytic suppression by insulin, but did not block inhibition by RegAA. These contrasting results suggest that insulin controls autophagy through the mTOR pathway, but amino acids do not. Furthermore, micropermeabilization with Saccharomyces aureus alpha-toxin completely deprived hepatocytes of proteolytic responsiveness to RegAA and insulin, but still maintained p70(S6k) phosphorylation by RegAA. In contrast, Leu(8)-MAP, a non-transportable leucine analogue, did not mimic the effect of leucine on p70(S6k) phosphorylation, but maintained the activity on proteolysis. Finally, BCH, a System L-specific amino acid, did not affect proteolytic suppression or mTOR activation by leucine. All the results indicate that mTOR is not common to the signaling mechanisms of amino acids and insulin in autophagy, and that the amino acid signaling starts extracellularly with their "receptor(s)," probably other than transporters, and is mediated through a novel route distinct from the mTOR pathway employed by insulin. |
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Authors:
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Takumi Kanazawa; Ikue Taneike; Ryuichiro Akaishi; Fumiaki Yoshizawa; Norihiko Furuya; Shinobu Fujimura; Motoni Kadowaki |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2003-11-10 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of biological chemistry Volume: 279 ISSN: 0021-9258 ISO Abbreviation: J. Biol. Chem. Publication Date: 2004 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2004-02-23 Completed Date: 2004-05-03 Revised Date: 2009-11-19 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 2985121R Medline TA: J Biol Chem Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 8452-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Applied Biological Chemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, Niigata University, Ikarashi, Niigata 950-2181, Japan. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Amino Acids
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pharmacology* Amino Acids, Cyclic / pharmacology Animals Bacterial Toxins / pharmacology Cell Membrane / metabolism Enzyme Inhibitors / pharmacology Hemolysin Proteins / pharmacology Hepatocytes / drug effects, metabolism* Insulin / pharmacology* Leucine / analogs & derivatives, pharmacology Male Peptide Hydrolases / metabolism* Phosphorylation Protein Kinase Inhibitors Protein Kinases / metabolism* Rats Rats, Wistar Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa / metabolism Signal Transduction* Sirolimus / pharmacology |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Amino Acids; 0/Amino Acids, Cyclic; 0/Bacterial Toxins; 0/Enzyme Inhibitors; 0/Hemolysin Proteins; 0/Protein Kinase Inhibitors; 0/staphylococcal alpha-toxin; 11061-68-0/Insulin; 20448-79-7/2-aminobicyclo(2,2,1)heptane-2-carboxylic acid; 53123-88-9/Sirolimus; 61-90-5/Leucine; EC 2.7.-/Protein Kinases; EC 2.7.1.-/mTOR protein; EC 2.7.11.1/Ribosomal Protein S6 Kinases, 70-kDa; EC 3.4.-/Peptide Hydrolases |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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