Document Detail


Amino acids and gaseous signaling.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  19266154     Owner:  NLM     Status:  MEDLINE    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Gases, such as nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S), and sulfur dioxide (SO(2)) are known toxic pollutants in the air. However, they are now recognized as important signaling molecules synthesized in animals and humans from arginine, glycine (heme), and cysteine, respectively. At physiological levels, NO, CO, and SO(2) activate guanylyl cyclase to generate cGMP which elicits a variety of responses (including relaxation of vascular smooth muscle cells, hemodynamics, neurotransmission, and cell metabolism) via cGMP-dependent protein kinases. H(2)S is also a crucial regulator of both neurological function and endothelium-dependent relaxation through cGMP-independent mechanisms involving stimulation of membrane K(ATP) channels and intracellular cAMP signaling. Additionally, NO, CO, and H(2)S confer cytoprotective and immunomodulatory effects. Moreover, NH(3) is a major product of amino acid catabolism and profoundly affects the function of neurons and the vasculature through glutamine-dependent inhibition of NO synthesis. Emerging evidence shows that amino acids are not only precursors for these endogenous gases, but are also regulators of their production in a cell-specific manner. Thus, recent advances on gaseous signaling have greatly expanded our basic knowledge of amino acid biochemistry and nutrition. These exciting discoveries will aid in the design of new nutritional and pharmacological means to prevent and treat major health problems related to developmental biology and nutrient metabolism, including intrauterine growth restriction, preterm birth, aging, neurological disorders, cancer, obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease.
Authors:
Xilong Li; Fuller W Bazer; Haijun Gao; Wenjuan Jobgen; Gregory A Johnson; Peng Li; Jason R McKnight; M Carey Satterfield; Thomas E Spencer; Guoyao Wu
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Publication Detail:
Type:  Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Research Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Review     Date:  2009-03-06
Journal Detail:
Title:  Amino acids     Volume:  37     ISSN:  1438-2199     ISO Abbreviation:  Amino Acids     Publication Date:  2009 May 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2009-05-04     Completed Date:  2009-07-21     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  9200312     Medline TA:  Amino Acids     Country:  Austria    
Other Details:
Languages:  eng     Pagination:  65-78     Citation Subset:  IM    
Affiliation:
Department of Animal Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
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MeSH Terms
Descriptor/Qualifier:
Amino Acids / metabolism*
Animals
Carbon Monoxide / metabolism*
Cardiovascular Diseases / metabolism
Energy Metabolism / physiology
Humans
Hydrogen Sulfide / metabolism*
Immune System Diseases / metabolism
Nervous System Diseases / metabolism
Nitric Oxide / biosynthesis*,  metabolism
Signal Transduction / physiology
Sulfur Dioxide / metabolism*
Grant Support
ID/Acronym/Agency:
1R21 HD049449/HD/NICHD NIH HHS
Chemical
Reg. No./Substance:
0/Amino Acids; 10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; 630-08-0/Carbon Monoxide; 7446-09-5/Sulfur Dioxide; 7783-06-4/Hydrogen Sulfide

From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine


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