| Alzheimer's disease, cerebrovascular dysfunction and the benefits of exercise: from vessels to neurons. | |
| | |
MedLine Citation:
|
PMID: 18474414 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
|
Exercise training promotes extensive cardiovascular changes and adaptive mechanisms in both the peripheral and cerebral vasculature, such as improved organ blood flow, induction of antioxidant pathways, and enhanced angiogenesis and vascular regeneration. Clinical studies have demonstrated a reduction of morbidity and mortality from cardiovascular disease among exercising individuals. However, evidence from recent large clinical trials also suggests a substantial reduction of dementia risk - particularly regarding Alzheimer's disease (AD) - with regular exercise. Enhanced neurogenesis and improved synaptic plasticity have been implicated in this beneficial effect. However, recent research has revealed that vascular and specifically endothelial dysfunction is essentially involved in the disease process and profoundly aggravates underlying neurodegeneration. Moreover, vascular risk factors (VRFs) are probably determinants of incidence and course of AD. In this review, we emphasize the interconnection between AD and VRFs and the impact of cerebrovascular and endothelial dysfunction on AD pathophysiology. Furthermore, we describe the molecular mechanisms of the beneficial effects of exercise on the vasculature such as activation of the vascular nitric oxide (NO)/endothelial NO synthase (eNOS) pathway, upregulation of antioxidant enzymes, and angiogenesis. Finally, recent prospective clinical studies dealing with the effect of exercise on the risk of incident AD are briefly reviewed. We conclude that, next to upholding neuronal plasticity, regular exercise may counteract AD pathophysiology by building a vascular reserve. |
| | |
Authors:
|
Christian Lange-Asschenfeldt; Georg Kojda |
Related Documents
:
|
21150624 - Physiotherapy for ankylosing spondylitis: evidence and application. 23493964 - A self-study tutorial using the allen brain explorer and brain atlas to teach concepts ... 1147054 - Prolonged vasodilation following fatiguing exercise of dog skeletal muscle. 17144884 - Vascular nitric oxide: effects of physical activity, importance for health. 931874 - Effect of aerosolized isoproterenol on resting myogenic tone in normals. 16037894 - Modelling the relationships between training, anxiety, and fatigue in elite athletes. |
Publication Detail:
|
Type: Journal Article; Review Date: 2008-04-06 |
Journal Detail:
|
Title: Experimental gerontology Volume: 43 ISSN: 0531-5565 ISO Abbreviation: Exp. Gerontol. Publication Date: 2008 Jun |
Date Detail:
|
Created Date: 2008-05-26 Completed Date: 2008-12-04 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
|
Nlm Unique ID: 0047061 Medline TA: Exp Gerontol Country: England |
Other Details:
|
Languages: eng Pagination: 499-504 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
|
Klinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie, Abteilung Gerontopsychiatrie, Bergische Landstr. 2, Düsseldorf 40629, Germany. |
Export Citation:
|
APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
|
Aged Alzheimer Disease* / metabolism, physiopathology, prevention & control Blood Vessels / metabolism, physiopathology Cerebrovascular Circulation / physiology Endothelium, Vascular / metabolism Exercise Therapy Humans Nerve Degeneration / physiopathology Neurons / metabolism Nitric Oxide / metabolism Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III / metabolism Oxidative Stress |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
|
10102-43-9/Nitric Oxide; EC 1.14.13.39/Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
Previous Document: Impulsivity and the role of smoking-related outcome expectancies among dependent college-aged cigare...
Next Document: Monocrotaline pyrrol is cytotoxic and alters the patterns of GFAP expression on astrocyte primary cu...