Document Detail


Alveolar macrophages initiate the systemic microvascular inflammatory response to alveolar hypoxia.
MedLine Citation:
PMID:  21402178     Owner:  NLM     Status:  Publisher    
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
Alveolar hypoxia occurs as a result of a decrease in the environmental P(o2), as in altitude, or in clinical conditions associated with a global or regional decrease in alveolar ventilation. Systemic effects, in most of which an inflammatory component has been identified, frequently accompany both acute and chronic forms of alveolar hypoxia. Experimentally, it has been shown that acute exposure to environmental hypoxia causes a widespread systemic inflammatory response in rats and mice. Recent research has demonstrated that alveolar macrophages, in addition to their well known intrapulmonary functions, have systemic, extrapulmonary effects when activated, and indirect evidence suggest these cells may play a role in the systemic consequences of alveolar hypoxia. This article reviews studies showing that the systemic inflammation of acute alveolar hypoxia observed in rats is not initiated by the low systemic tissue P(o2), but rather by a chemokine, Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein-1 (MCP-1, or CCL2) released by alveolar macrophages stimulated by hypoxia and transported by the circulation. Circulating MCP-1, in turn, activates perivascular mast cells to initiate the microvascular inflammatory cascade. The research reviewed here highlights the extrapulmonary effects of alveolar macrophages and provides a possible mechanism for some of the systemic effects of alveolar hypoxia.
Authors:
Jie Chao; John G Wood; Norberto C Gonzalez
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Publication Detail:
Type:  JOURNAL ARTICLE     Date:  2011-3-11
Journal Detail:
Title:  Respiratory physiology & neurobiology     Volume:  -     ISSN:  1878-1519     ISO Abbreviation:  -     Publication Date:  2011 Mar 
Date Detail:
Created Date:  2011-3-15     Completed Date:  -     Revised Date:  -    
Medline Journal Info:
Nlm Unique ID:  101140022     Medline TA:  Respir Physiol Neurobiol     Country:  -    
Other Details:
Languages:  ENG     Pagination:  -     Citation Subset:  -    
Copyright Information:
Copyright © 2011. Published by Elsevier B.V.
Affiliation:
Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City KS 66160 USA.
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