| Altered 3-Dimensional Scapular Resting Posture Does Not Alter Scapular Motion in the Throwing Shoulder of Healthy Professional Baseball Pitchers. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22104491 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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CONTEXT: Differences in three-dimensional (3D) scapular motion have been reported between healthy baseball position players and healthy non-overhead athletic controls, as well as players diagnosed with shoulder impingement syndrome. These alterations are theorized to be the result of adaptations due to the demands of repetitive throwing. However, comparisons between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders are commonly used to infer normal motion. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to compare 3D scapular kinematics between the throwing and non-throwing shoulders in asymptomatic professional male baseball pitchers. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. SETTING: Laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: 45 asymptomatic professional baseball pitchers participating without restrictions during pre-season training. INTERVENTIONS: An electromagnetic tracking system was used to assess 3D scapular orientation at rest and during weighted (2.3kg) shoulder flexion across discrete humeral flexion angles (rest, 30°, 60°, 90°, 120°, and maximum). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: 3D scapular upward/downward rotation (UR/DR), anterior/posterior tilt (AP tilt), internal/external rotation (IR/ER). Separate mixed-model ANOVAs (side x angle) for each scapular motion were used to compare throwing and the non-throwing shoulder across all angles. RESULTS: There were significant side to side differences with scapular UR/DR (p<0.001), AP tilt (p<0.001) and IR/ER (p<0.001). The throwing scapula displayed greater mean UR (increase=3.6°, SE=0.50), anterior tilt (increase=2.1°, SE= 0.60), and less mean IR (decrease=2.1°, SE= 0.66) compared to the non-throwing shoulder averaged across all arm angles. CONCLUSIONS: In asymptomatic professional pitchers, the throwing shoulder scapular position differs across all arm angles from the non-throwing, but the motion does not differ. Scapular asymmetry in that is consistent throughout arm elevation may not be indicative of pathology but potentially a normal adaptation of the pitching shoulder. |
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Authors:
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Amee L Seitz; Michael Reinold; Robert A Schneider; Thomas J Gill; Charles Thigpen |
Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-16 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of sport rehabilitation Volume: - ISSN: 1543-3072 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-11-22 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 9206500 Medline TA: J Sport Rehabil Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Bouve College of Health Sciences, Northeastern University, Boston, MA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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