| Alterations in rat fetal morphology following abuse patterns of toluene exposure. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 19429395 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Toluene is a commonly abused organic solvent. Inhalant abusers are increasingly women in their prime childbearing years. Children born to mothers who abused solvents during pregnancy may exhibit characteristics of a "fetal solvent syndrome" which may include dysmorphic features. This study examined the teratological effects of an abuse pattern of binge toluene exposure during gestation on skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities, body weight, and body size in fetal rats. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were exposed for 30 min, twice daily, from gestational day (GD) 8 through GD20 to either air (0 ppm), 8000 ppm, 12,000 ppm, or 16,000 ppm toluene. Two-thirds of each litter was prepared for skeletal examination using Alizarin Red S staining while the remaining third of each litter was fixed in Bouin's solution for Wilson's soft tissue evaluation. Exposure to toluene at all levels significantly reduced growth, including decreases in placental weight, fetal weight, and crown-rump length. In addition, numerous gross morphological anomalies were observed such as short or missing digits and missing limbs. Skeletal examination revealed that ossification of the extremities was significantly reduced as a result of toluene exposure at all levels. Specific skeletal defects included misshapen scapula, missing and supernumerary vertebrae and ribs, and fused digits. Soft tissue anomalies were also observed at all toluene levels and there was a dose-dependent increase in the number of anomalies which included cryptorchidism, displaced abdominal organs, gastromegaly, distended/hypoplastic bladder, and delayed cardiac development, among others. These results indicate that animals exposed prenatally to levels and patterns of toluene typical of inhalant abuse are at increased risk for skeletal and soft tissue abnormalities. |
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Authors:
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Scott E Bowen; Susan Irtenkauf; John H Hannigan; Adrianne L Stefanski |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, N.I.H., Extramural; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't Date: 2009-01-21 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.) Volume: 27 ISSN: 0890-6238 ISO Abbreviation: Reprod. Toxicol. Publication Date: 2009 Apr |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2009-05-11 Completed Date: 2009-06-02 Revised Date: 2010-09-27 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 8803591 Medline TA: Reprod Toxicol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 161-9 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. Scott.Bowen@wayne.edu |
Export Citation:
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APA/MLA Format Download EndNote Download BibTex |
| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Abnormalities, Drug-Induced* Animals Bone and Bones / abnormalities, drug effects* Crown-Rump Length Dose-Response Relationship, Drug Female Fetal Weight / drug effects Fetus / drug effects*, metabolism, pathology Gestational Age Inhalation Exposure Maternal-Fetal Exchange Models, Animal Placenta / drug effects, pathology Pregnancy Rats Rats, Sprague-Dawley Solvents / metabolism, toxicity* Substance-Related Disorders* Toluene / metabolism, toxicity* |
| Grant Support | |
ID/Acronym/Agency:
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R01 DA015951/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA015951-01/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA015951-02/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA015951-03/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA015951-03S1/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA015951-04/DA/NIDA NIH HHS; R01 DA015951-05/DA/NIDA NIH HHS |
| Chemical | |
Reg. No./Substance:
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0/Solvents; 108-88-3/Toluene |
| Comments/Corrections | |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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