| Advances in our understanding of the biology of human milk and its effects on the offspring. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 17237337 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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There is an intense interest in the effects of breast-feeding on the offspring and in understanding the mechanisms behind these effects. More than 50 papers are published monthly on topics such as the influence of breast-feeding on aspects of growth, immune-related effects, mental development, and noncommunicable diseases. Most breast-feeding data are observational; confounding can be difficult to rule out because some maternal factors are associated with both breast-feeding and infant outcomes (e.g., obesity and mental development). The most important short-term immunological benefit of breast-feeding is the protection against infectious diseases. There is also some evidence of lower prevalence of inflammatory bowel diseases, childhood cancers, and type I diabetes in breast-fed infants, suggesting that breast-feeding influences the development of the infant's own immune system. One of the most consistent findings of breast-feeding is a positive effect on later intelligence tests with a few test points advantage for breast-fed infants. In the last few years, several systematic reviews and meta-analyses have examined the effect of breast-feeding on noncommunicable diseases. There seems to be a small protective effect against later overweight and obesity. Blood pressure and blood cholesterol seem to be slightly lower in breast-fed infants; however, the few studies examining breast-feeding and the risk of coronary heart disease in later life did not find an association. Recent data have suggested that breast-feeding can program the insulin-like growth factor-I axis, as 3 studies found that breast-fed infants are taller as adults. |
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Authors:
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Lene Schack-Nielsen; Kim F Michaelsen |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article |
Journal Detail:
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Title: The Journal of nutrition Volume: 137 ISSN: 0022-3166 ISO Abbreviation: J. Nutr. Publication Date: 2007 Feb |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2007-01-22 Completed Date: 2007-03-15 Revised Date: 2008-11-21 |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0404243 Medline TA: J Nutr Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: 503S-510S Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Human Nutrition, Faculty of Life Science, University of Copenhagen, DK-1958, Frederiksberg C, Denmark. |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Breast Feeding* Chronic Disease / prevention & control Cognition Humans Infant Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena* Infant, Newborn Milk, Human / physiology* |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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