| Acute and sustained actions of hyperglycemia on endothelial and glomerular barrier permeability. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 21812939 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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Microalbuminuria is an established marker of systemic endothelial dysfunction, which for patients with diabetes signals an increased risk of both diabetic nephropathy and cardiovascular complications. A better understanding of the pathogenesis of microalbuminuria is important in the quest of finding new approaches to treat patients with diabetes. Direct acute effects of episodes of hyperglycemia (HG) could have implications for the microalbuminuria seen in early diabetes before renal structural alterations have started, especially in those patients with poor glycemic control. This review summarizes the literature evidence that acute or sustained HG may lead to an increased vascular or glomerular permeability. Special focus is on glomerular barrier permeability. There is evidence in the literature that HG increases systemic capillary and glomerular barrier permeability within 20-30 min in vivo in rats and mice. Furthermore, exposure of monolayers of cultured endothelial cells to HG has been shown to increase monolayer permeability rapidly and transiently (during 60-100 min). Instant cellular changes following F-actin cytoskeleton rearrangements, which could be abrogated by Rho-kinase inhibition, are implicated. Data in this review also suggest that activation of protein kinase C, the polyol pathway, and an increased release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and cytokines could contribute to the increase in barrier permeability induced by HG. Recent in vitro data from cultured podocyte monolayers also designates a role of insulin in acute podocyte F-actin remodeling, underpinning the complexity of the mechanisms leading to glomerular and endothelial barrier alterations in diabetes mellitus. |
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Authors:
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Per Swärd; Bengt Rippe |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-8-3 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Acta physiologica (Oxford, England) Volume: - ISSN: 1748-1716 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Aug |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-8-4 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 101262545 Medline TA: Acta Physiol (Oxf) Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Copyright Information:
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Copyright © 2011 Scandinavian Physiological Society. |
Affiliation:
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Department of Nephrology University of Lund. |
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