| Accelerated shedding of prions following damage to the olfactory epithelium. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 22130543 Owner: NLM Status: Publisher |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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In this study we investigated the role of damage to the nasal mucosa in the shedding of prions into nasal fluids as a pathway for prion transmission. Here we demonstrate that prions can replicate to high levels in the olfactory sensory epithelium (OSE) in hamsters and that induction of apoptosis in olfactory receptor neurons (ORNs) in the OSE resulted in sloughing off of the OSE from nasal turbinates into the lumen of the nasal airway. In the absence of nasotoxic treatment olfactory marker protein (OMP), which is specific for ORNs, was not detected in nasal lavages. However, after nasotoxic treatment that leads to apoptosis of ORNs both OMP and prion proteins were present in nasal lavages. The cellular debris that was released from the OSE into the lumen of the nasal airway was positive for both OMP and the disease-specific isoform of the prion protein, PrP(Sc). Using the real time quaking-induced conversion assay to quantify prions, a 100- to 1,000-fold increase in prion seeding activity was observed in nasal lavages following nasotoxic treatment. Since neurons replicate prions to higher levels than other cell types and ORNs are the most environmentally exposed neurons, we propose that an increase in ORN apoptosis or damage to the nasal mucosa in a host with a pre-existing prion infection of the OSE could lead to a substantial increase in the release of prion infectivity into nasal fluids. This mechanism of prion shedding from the olfactory mucosa could contribute to prion transmission. |
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Authors:
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Richard A Bessen; Jason M Wilham; Diana Lowe; Christopher P Watschke; Harold Shearin; Scott Martinka; Byron Caughey; James A Wiley |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: JOURNAL ARTICLE Date: 2011-11-30 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: Journal of virology Volume: - ISSN: 1098-5514 ISO Abbreviation: - Publication Date: 2011 Nov |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2011-12-1 Completed Date: - Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 0113724 Medline TA: J Virol Country: - |
Other Details:
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Languages: ENG Pagination: - Citation Subset: - |
Affiliation:
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Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Montana State University, Bozeman, Montana, USA. |
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From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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