| Adaptive trends in respiratory control: a comparative perspective. | |
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MedLine Citation:
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PMID: 20357023 Owner: NLM Status: MEDLINE |
Abstract/OtherAbstract:
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In 1941, August Krogh published a monograph entitled The Comparative Physiology of Respiratory Mechanisms (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 1941). Since that time comparative studies have continued to contribute significantly to our understanding of the fundamentals of respiratory physiology and the adaptive trends in these processes that support a broad range of metabolic performance under demanding environmental conditions. This review specifically focuses on recent advances in our understanding of adaptive trends in respiratory control. Respiratory rhythm generators most likely arose from, and must remain integrated with, rhythm generators for chewing, suckling, and swallowing. Within the central nervous system there are multiple "segmental" rhythm generators, and through evolution there is a caudal shift in the predominant respiratory rhythm-generating site. All sites, however, may still be capable of producing or modulating respiratory rhythm under appropriate conditions. Expression of the respiratory rhythm is conditional on (tonic) input. Once the rhythm is expressed, it is often episodic as the basic medullary rhythm is turned on/off subject to a hierarchy of controls. Breathing patterns reflect differences in pulmonary mechanics resulting from differences in body wall and lung architecture and are modulated in different species by various combinations of upper and lower airway mechanoreceptors and arterial chemoreceptors to protect airways, reduce dead space ventilation, enhance gas exchange efficiency, and reduce the cost of breathing. |
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Authors:
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William K Milsom |
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Publication Detail:
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Type: Journal Article; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't; Review Date: 2010-03-31 |
Journal Detail:
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Title: American journal of physiology. Regulatory, integrative and comparative physiology Volume: 299 ISSN: 1522-1490 ISO Abbreviation: Am. J. Physiol. Regul. Integr. Comp. Physiol. Publication Date: 2010 Jul |
Date Detail:
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Created Date: 2010-06-25 Completed Date: 2010-07-08 Revised Date: - |
Medline Journal Info:
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Nlm Unique ID: 100901230 Medline TA: Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol Country: United States |
Other Details:
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Languages: eng Pagination: R1-10 Citation Subset: IM |
Affiliation:
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Department of Zoology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. milsom@zoology.ubc.ca |
Export Citation:
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| MeSH Terms | |
Descriptor/Qualifier:
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Animals Chemoreceptor Cells / physiology* Deglutition Lung / physiology* Mechanoreceptors / physiology* Medulla Oblongata / physiology Respiration* Respiratory System |
From MEDLINE®/PubMed®, a database of the U.S. National Library of Medicine
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