Air pollution is one of the main reasons of pulmonary diseases, malignant tumours, allergic and other chronic deceases. In 2003, with the help of a mobile laboratory, investigation on air pollution and its distribution in Šiauliai city environment was accomplished. Measurements were performed once a month in exploratory positions deployed ...

The combined effect of rimantadine and oseltamivir in a prophylactic context (therapy beginning 4 hours pre-virus infection) and therapeutic context (therapy started at 24 hours post-viral inoculation) course on influenza H3N2 virus infection in mice was studied. In the prophylactic course 5 and 10 mg/kg/day rimantadine with 0.2 and 0.4 ...

Total mercury content has been determined in fruiting bodies of European Blushers and topsoils collected from 11 sites across Poland in 2006-2008. Mercury analysis was carried out using a validated analytical method and cold-vapour atomic absorption (CV-AAS). The European Blusher effectively accumulated mercury in fruiting bodies. The mean values of ...

MicroRNA 122 (miR-122) is liver specific, fine-tunes lipid metabolism, and is required for hepatitis C virus (HCV) abundance. Miravirsen, an oligonucleotide with locked nucleic acid, binds to miR-122, potently inhibiting its activity. We aimed at determining the safety of the miR-122 antagonism in vivo in 6 to 10 cynomolgus monkeys/group ...

The measles virus (MeV), a member of the paramyxovirus family, is an important cause of pediatric morbidity and mortality worldwide. In an effort to provide therapeutic treatments for improved measles management, we previously identified a small, non-nucleoside organic inhibitor of the viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) by means of high-throughput ...

Aim:  To evaluate the efficacy of reduction therapy of natural human interferon (IFN)-β and ribavirin in elderly patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1b and high viral load who had complications of anemia, low bodyweight (<50 kg), diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension. Methods:  Inclusion criteria were age of 65 years or older, ...

BACKGROUND: Amongst Caucasian, Hispanic and African Americans with genotype 1 hepatitis C virus (HCV), there is a wide variation in response to treatment with peginterferon alfa-2a (PEG-IFN alfa-2a) and ribavirin. AIM: To evaluate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of PEG-IFN alfa-2a and ribavirin among these three groups. METHODS: Forty-seven patients with genotype ...

The aim of this large-scale analysis was to assess the effect of 48-week pegylated interferon (PEG-IFN) α-2b and ribavirin (RBV) therapy on virological relapse by patients infected with hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype 1. The relationship between virological relapse and the dose of PEG-IFNα-2b and RBV was investigated in 619 ...

Aim: Warfarin pharmacogenomic algorithms reduce dosing error, but perform poorly in non-European-Americans. Electronic health record (EHR) systems linked to biobanks may allow for pharmacogenomic analysis, but they have not yet been used for this purpose. Patients & methods: We used BioVU, the Vanderbilt EHR-linked DNA repository, to identify European-Americans (n ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: GS-5885 is an inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS5A protein and exhibits potent suppression of genotype 1 HCV replicons. The safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, antiviral activity, and resistance profile of once-daily GS-5885 doses of 1-90 mg were evaluated in patients with chronic genotype 1 HCV. METHODS: ...

It has been previously shown that Taraphochlamys affinis possessed anti-hepatitis B virus (HBV) activities. To identify the active ingredients, the total saponins (TSTA) were isolated from T. affinis and the inhibitory effect of TSTA on HBV in the duck HBV model was examined. The results showed that serum levels of ...

A 9-year-old, 954.8-lb (434-kg) Arabian gelding presented to The University of Georgia Veterinary Teaching Hospital (VTH) with an 8- to 9-month history of chronic, intermittent weight loss and a 6-day history of progressively increasing liver enzymes. Five years previously, the gelding had an episode of colic attributed to left dorsal ...

ABSTRACT: The nutrition dose truly absorbed by a patient is crucial information in the management or the investigation of nutrition during critical illness. In the present issue of Critical Care, assessment of nutritional losses in stools was studied. These losses together with enteral nutrition lost in gastric fluids and enteral ...

The galls of Quercus infectoria are commonly used in Malay traditional medicine to treat wound infections after childbirth. In India, they are employed traditionally as dental applications such as that in treatment of toothache and gingivitis. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of galls ...

Cells maintain an osmotic pressure essential for growth and division, using organic compatible solutes and inorganic ions. Mg(2+), which is the most abundant divalent cation in living cells, has not been considered an osmotically important solute. Here we show that under carbon limitation or dormancy native marine bacterial communities have ...

Pharmacological levels of zinc oxide (ZnO) can improve the health of weaning piglets and influence the intestinal microbiota. This experiment aimed at studying the dose-response effect of five dietary concentrations of ZnO on small intestinal bacteria and metabolite profiles. Fifteen piglets, weaned at 25 ± 1 days of age, were allocated into five ...

INTRODUCTION: An alternative formulation of 0.5% moxifloxacin ophthalmic solution (Moxeza®, MOXI-AF, Alcon Laboratories, Inc., Fort Worth, TX, USA) containing xanthan gum to prolong retention on the eye has been developed. MOXI-AF was designed to optimize the treatment regimen for bacterial conjunctivitis for the convenience of the patient with twice-daily dosing. ...

The effect of saquinavir-boosted ritonavir at therapeutic (1000/100 mg twice daily [bid]) and supratherapeutic (1500/100 mg bid) doses was evaluated in a double-blind, placebo- and positive-controlled (moxifloxacin 400 mg) 4-way crossover thorough QT/QTc study. Least squares mean estimated study-specific QTc (QTcS) change from dense predose baseline (ddQTcS(dense)) was the primary ...

In the summer of 2009, we performed a field survey of the "Taiga" peaceful underground nuclear explosion site, the Perm region, Russia (61.30° N, 56.60° E). The explosion was carried out by the USSR in 1971. This paper provides an extended summary of the available published data on the "Taiga" ...

What is known and Objective:  Mitiglinide (MGN) is a new insulinotropic agent of the glinide class with rapid onset. The effects of food intake on the pharmacokinetic (PK) profile of mitiglinide tablets after single oral administration have not yet been reported in healthy adults. We aimed to assess the effects ...

We investigated the accumulation of pesticide residues on rubber latex gloves that are used by strawberry harvesters to protect their skin, reduce pesticide exposure and promote food safety. Gloves accumulated residues of 16 active ingredients including azoxystrobin, bifenthrin, boscalid, captan, cyprodinil, fenhexamid, fenpropathrin, fludioxonil, hexythiazox, malathion, methomyl, naled, propiconazole, pyraclostrobin, ...

This paper describes the findings of the radiation situation analysis on-site near Sysoeva and Razbojnik Bays. The results of radiation monitoring performed by radiological laboratory of DalRAO and studies performed by the experts from the Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Centre have been used in the course of analysis. On the ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Varying reports concerning the duration and reliability of different permethrin preparations' efficacy can be found in the literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the dynamics of the distribution and efficacy of four different spot-on formulations with permethrin as the active ingredient formulated with different solvents. ...

To determine if the dose of peptide administered or the plasma level was more important, doses of 0.15, 0.45, 4.5 or 45 mg/kg/day of D-4F were administered orally or subcutaneously (SQ) to apoE null mice. Plasma levels of peptide were ~1,000-fold higher when administered SQ compared to orally. Regardless of ...

A multi-center, prospective, open-label study was conducted in primary immunodeficiency disease patients to determine the tolerability and pharmacokinetics of a 10% liquid IgG preparation administered subcutaneously. Forty-nine subjects (3-77 years old) were enrolled. Pharmacokinetic equivalence of subcutaneous treatment was achieved at a median dose of 137% of the intravenous dose, with ...

The results of heavy element profiling of the gold ores and sediments associated with the artisanal gold mining activities of the Migori gold belt of Southwestern Nyanza, Kenya, were reported in this paper. The analysis was made to assess the occupational exposure of the miners as well as to investigate ...

trans-Piceid and trans-resveratrol were authenticated for the first time by high-resoution mass spectrometry in red sorghum grains. A 0.4-1 mg/kg amount of trans-piceid and up to 0.2 mg/kg trans-resveratrol were quantified by reversed phase high-performance liquid chromatography-atmospheric pressure chemical ionization(+)-tandem mass spectrometry. The white sorghum samples contained only traces of ...

Background: The calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) receptor antagonists olcegepant and telcagepant are very potent drugs. Both are effective in migraine but in doses much higher than would be predicted from receptor binding and other in vitro results. This could perhaps suggest an effect of CGRP antagonists behind the blood-brain barrier ...

To investigate the effect of small-dose ketamine on the predicted effect-site concentration of propofol required for loss of consciousness (LOC) and Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA) insertion. Randomized, double-blinded study. Operating room. 50 ASA physical status 1 and 2 women scheduled for elective breast or gynecological surgery. Patients were randomly allocated ...

Field trials of lambda-cyhalothrin 10 CS (ICON 10 CS) in indoor residual spraying (IRS) with 25 mg a.i./m2 against Anopheles culicifacies was undertaken vs malathion IRS (25% WP-2 g a.i./m2) in Tumkur district, Karnataka; vs deltamethrin IRS (2.5% WP-20 mg a.i./m2) in Dharmapuri district; and vs lambda-cyhalothrin (10 WP-25 mg ...

Chlorfluazuron residues were determined in the peaches that were sprayed at dosage (a.i. 0.0167 kg 10a(-1)), using an analytical method that was validated as follows; r (2) = 0.9999, 0.02 mg kg(-1) (LOQ) and 87.8-93.6% (recovery). The residues from all samples were lower than the MRL (0.5 mg kg(-1), Korea). A maximum 0.27 mg kg(-1) of chlorfluazuron ...

In the present study, we demonstrated that low, ineffective doses of N-methyl-D: -aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor antagonists [competitive NMDA antagonist, CGP 37849, at 0.312 mg/kg intraperitoneally (i.p.), antagonist of the glycine(B) sites, L-701,324, at 2 mg/kg i.p., partial agonist of glycine(B) sites, D: -cycloserine, at 2.5 mg/kg i.p.] administered jointly with an ineffective ...

The dissipation of three insecticide flufenoxuron, lufenuron and tebufenozide residues in grapes after field treatments and during the wine-making process was assessed. Residues were determined in grape, must, centrifuged must and wine samples by HPLC-UV after cyclohexane extraction and clean-up on silica-phase cartridges. Vines in vineyards with white and red ...

Toxicity assessments on nontarget organisms have largely been addressed using short-term, single-species laboratory experiments. Although extremely helpful, these experiments inherently lack many pervasive ecological stressors found in nature. Though a substantial challenge, incorporating these ecological stressors in contaminant studies would shed light on potential synergistic effects. For the world's leading ...

Benzodiazepines and neuroactive steroids are positive GABA(A) modulators acting at distinct binding sites; during benzodiazepine treatment, tolerance develops to many behavioral effects of benzodiazepines, although cross tolerance does not develop to neuroactive steroids. To determine whether differential changes in binding sites contribute to these behavioral differences, interactions between GABA(A) modulators ...

A supervised field trial was conducted at the CCS Haryana Agricultural University, Hisar to assess the residues of dicofol on cotton, during Kharif season, 2008. Dicofol (Kelthane 18.5EC) was applied at 500 g a.i./ha (T(1)) and 1,000 g a.i./ha T(2)) after 105 days of sowing of cotton crop (Varity Cotton/H-1226). Soil samples were collected on 0 (1 h ...

Fluopicolide, a relatively new fungicide is used for control of downy mildew of grape. Persistence study of fluopicolide was carried out on grape berries following treatment of the combination product, fluopicolide 4.44% + fosetyl aluminium 66.7% (Profiler 71.14 WG) at the recommended and double the recommended dose of 2.5 and 5.0 kg ha(-1). Four ...

In view of the frequent occurrence of mycotoxins in cereals, a study was initiated to assess the exposure of the Hungarian adult population. Consumption data for 1360 individuals, based on a 3-day questionnaire, indicated that white bread accounted for the major intake of cereal-based products. Various cereal products were analysed ...

The questions of whether the dose of drug that is consumed corresponds to drug concentration levels in hair and how results of hair analyses can be interpreted are still debated. The aim of this study was to investigate (1) whether there is a correlation between doses of Methamphetamine (MA) use ...

The aim of the present study was to assess the persistence of clenbuterol residues in retinal tissue of pigs after repeated administration in a growth-promoting dose, using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) as a screening method for quantitative determination. A growth-promoting dose of clenbuterol (20 μg/kg body mass per day) was ...

The aim of the present study was to determine the effect-site concentration of remifentanil needed to prevent haemodynamic instability during tracheal intubation with inhaled desflurane induction. One hundred American Society of Anesthesiologists I and II female patients were randomized to receive an effect-site concentration of remifentanil of 0, 1, 2, ...

Eplerenone (CAS 107724-20-9) prevents the binding of aldosterone, a key hormone in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone-system (RAAS), which is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and the pathophysiology of cardiovascular disease and is indicated, in addition to standard therapy including beta-blockers, to reduce the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity in ...

Pioglitazone (CAS 112529-15-4 for the HCl form) is an oral antidiabetic agent that is a member of the group of drugs known as thiazolidinediones. It is indicated for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. The aim of this study was to assess the bioequivalence of a new pioglitazone 45 ...

Biosolids deep-row incorporation (DRI) provides high levels of nutrients to the reclamation sites; however, additions of N in excess of the vegetation requirements can potentially impair water quality. The effects of anaerobically digested (AD) and lime stabilized (LS) DRI biosolids and inorganic N fertilizer were compared on C and N ...

As a rapid-acting dissociative anesthetic, ketamine has been used in drug-facilitated crimes. The aim of this study is to investigate the disposition of ketamine and its main metabolite norketamine in hair after a single dose of ketamine. Four healthy volunteers were recruited into the study. Hair was collected 1, 2, ...

This study investigates T(2) * quantification in carotid plaques before and after the administration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIOs) in a cohort of patients receiving statin therapy. Phantom studies were performed using gels with varying concentrations of USPIOs. In the phantom study, 12 gels were prepared with a ...

This study investigates T(2)* quantification in carotid plaques before and after the administration of ultrasmall superparamagnetic iron oxide particles (USPIOs) in a cohort of patients receiving statin therapy. Phantom studies were performed using gels with varying concentrations of USPIOs. In the phantom study, 12 gels were prepared with a range ...

Concrete grinding exposes workers to unacceptable levels of crystalline silica dust, known to cause diseases such as silicosis and possibly lung cancer. This study examined the influence of major factors of exposure and effectiveness of existing dust control methods by simulating field concrete grinding in an enclosed workplace laboratory. Air ...

To evaluate the safety of monepantel and its major metabolite for dung fauna. Monepantel is a new oral anthelmintic drug for use in sheep at a dose of 2.5 mg active ingredient/kg body weight. Hazard (toxicity) is related to the expected exposure. The methodology was based on the Organisation for ...

The hydration status of rugby league players during competitive home match play was assessed throughout the 2008 Super League season. Fourteen players from 2 Super League clubs were monitored (72 observations). On arrival, 2 h prior to kick off, following normal prematch routines, players' body mass were measured following a ...