In an earlier study, a micro-dosing system for fine powder using a vibrating capillary which can precisely dose various lactose powders, was introduced. In scaling up to a multi-track dosing system, it was suggested that additional track cut-offs can improve the dosing performance by reducing the overruns. A non-contact in-line ...

The International Commission on Radiological Protection (ICRP) recommends a system of radiological protection that is in use worldwide. This paper describes the elements of that system, identifying the central assumptions and principles. A key assumption for protection at low doses is that there is a simple proportionate relationship between increments ...

KR-66223 is a novel dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitor that is under development for the treatment of type II diabetes. We studied the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of KR-66223 in rats, monkeys, and dogs to predict PK/PD profiles in humans. KR-66223 exhibited a moderate volume of distribution (0.3 ~ 1.8 L/kg), ...

This paper describes the kinetic study of a number of gas-phase reactions involving neutral Mg-containing species which are important for the chemistry of meteor-ablated magnesium in the upper mesosphere / lower thermosphere region. The study is motivated by the very recent observation of the global atomic Mg layer around 90 ...

Amebiasis is a severe illness caused by Entamoebachistolytica. The aim of this study is to evaluate the in vitro amebicidal activity of the rhizomes and aerial parts of Allium sivasicum, an endemic plant species from the flora of Turkey. Both extracts showed a time- and dose-dependent amebicidal action on the ...

JI-101, chemically 1-[1-(2-amino-pyridin-4-ylmethyl)-1H-indol-4-yl]-3-(5-bromo-2-methoxy-phenyl)-urea hydrochloride, is a novel orally active kinase inhibitor, which has shown potent in vitro and in vivo anticancer activity against a variety of cancer cell lines and xenografts. It is currently entering Phase II clinical development for the treatment of solid tumors. The aim of the study ...

The gene expression and induction of cytochrome P450 (CYP)-enzymes following 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) peroral administration was studied in livers of two wild vole species-the bank vole (Myodes glareolus) and the field vole (Microtus agrestis). Dioxin-sensitive C57BL/6 mouse was used as a reference. Doses of 0.05, 0.5, 5.0, and 50 µg/kg were applied ...

The distribution and concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in fish species (European perch Perca fluviatilis, northern pike Esox lucius, pike perch Sander lucioperca, wels catfish Silirus glanus, common carp Cyprinus carpio, European eel Anguilla anguilla, freshwater bream Abramis brama, goldfish Carassius auratus, and roach Rutilus rutilus) in a ...

Parecoxib is an inactive pro-drug that is rapidly converted to valdecoxib, a selective cyclooxygenase (COX)-2 inhibitor registered for the management of post-operative pain in humans. Recent studies have suggested that parecoxib has excellent clinical efficacy and safety in veterinary species. The aim of the current study was to assess the ...

Boric acid (BA) has been successfully used as reference substance in some standard test guidelines. Due to the fact that previously selected reference substances present a significant risk to human health and/or are banned for environmental reasons, BA is being discussed for broader adoption in OECD or ISO guidelines. To ...

This study focused on the presence and distribution of 22 antibiotics, including eight quinolones, nine sulfonamides and five macrolides in mollusks from the Bohai Sea of China. 190 samples of eleven species were collected in 2006, 2007 and 2009. Laboratory analyses revealed that antibiotics were widely distributed in the mollusks ...

The toxic effect of sublethal concentrations (1, 17.5 and 35 mg L(-1)) of pure glyphosate was evaluated on acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in the fish species, Cnesterodon decemmaculatus. Acute bioassays (96 h) under laboratory conditions were conducted and homogenates for each specimen corresponding to the anterior, middle and posterior body sections were performed. Fish ...

In the present study, the β-carotene, calcium, iron and zinc content in the leaves of 46 accessions of three Chenopodium species viz. Chenopodium album, C. album ssp. amaranticolor and Chenopodium quinoa was investigated. A wide range of variability, inter-specific as well as varietal, for the β-carotene [0.19-5.91 mg 100 g(- 1) fresh weight ...

Low molecular weight heparin (LMWH) is used as an anticoagulant in cats although only limited pharmacokinetic data are available in this species. The aim of the present study was to establish the pharmacokinetics of dalteparin in cats based on anti-FXa heparin activities. Groups of clinically healthy cats (six animals per ...

This study evaluated the efficacy of PDT in photoinactivation of Candida species using methylene blue (MB) and irradiation with a diode laser (660nm, 40mW). Suspensions of Candida species were obtained containing 10(6)cfu/ml, transferred to 96-holes plates and exposed to 03 doses of laser light (60J/cm(2), 120J/cm(2), 180J/cm(2)) in the presence ...

The toxicity of two glyphosate formulations (the original formulation of Roundup® and Roundup WeatherMAX®) to six species of North American larval anurans was evaluated using 96-h static, non-renewal aqueous exposures. The 96-h median lethal concentration values (LC50) ranged from 1.80 to 4.22 mg acid equivalent (ae)/L and 1.96 to 3.26 mg ae/L ...

The antiinflammatory activities of aqueous extracts prepared from the aerial parts of ten Hungarian Stachys species were investigated in vivo in the carrageenan-induced paw oedema test after intraperitoneal and oral administration to rats. Some of the extracts were found to display significant antiphlogistic effects when administered intraperitoneally and orally; in ...

INTRODUCTION: While the literature is replete with studies of the toxic potency of pentachlorophenol (PCP), site-specific criteria for native aquatic species that can be used in ecological risk assessments has been lacking and application of toxicity information for non-native species is controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the present study, acute ...

Previous studies have validated the clinical use of opioids with kaap-receptor affinities for pain management in birds. Butorphanol, a kappa opioid receptor agonist and a mu opioid receptor antagonist, is currently considered by many clinicians to be the opioid of choice for this use. However, despite studies reporting the analgesic ...

Objective: DepoFoam bupivacaine (DB) is in development for prolonged postoperative analgesia. Studies were conducted to evaluate the potential local and systemic toxicity and any effect on wound healing after wound infiltration. Methods: The model simulates an inguinal hernia (skin incision ∼2.5 and 5.5 cm). Animals (four/sex/group of each species) received ...

The aim of the study was to determine the boron contents of some wild-growing mushrooms collected from the vicinity of several boron mines located in Balikesir, Turkey and compare the boron contents of some mushroom and soil samples. The locations of the mushroom samples collected were within the distance of ...

Clin Microbiol Infect ABSTRACT: The European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing-Subcommittee on Antifungal Susceptibility Testing has determined breakpoints for anidulafungin for Candida spp. This Technical Note is based on the EUCAST anidulafungin rationale document (available at: http://www.eucast.org). Species-specific breakpoints for C. albicans are S ≤0.03 mg/L and R >0.03 mg/L and for C. glabrata, ...

Recent improvements in assays have allowed serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI) to be measured at previously undetectable concentrations, which may have implications for cardiotoxicity studies. We characterized the pharmacokinetics of cTnI after a single intravenous administration of purified cTnI in rats at doses of 0.005, 0.05, and 0.5 μg/kg and ...

In laboratory experiments, conspecific excretions and ammonia solutions evoked avoidance reactions in tadpoles of three anuran species, Bufo bufo, Rana temporaria, and Rana arvalis. A differential sensitivity of ammonia chemoreception was determined for two anuran species. For Bufo bufo tadpoles, these characteristics at ammonia background concentration of 0.2 mg/l lied ...

Retropharyngeal abscess can be a life-threatening emergency with potential for airway compromise. We report a case of retropharyngeal abscess caused by Kingella denitrificans in a 66-year-old Caucasian man taking low-dose methotrexate for psoriatic arthritis. K denitrificans has not been previously reported as a cause of retropharyngeal abscess. K denitrificans, along ...

Objective-To assess the pharmacokinetics of nalbuphine HCl after IV and IM administration to Hispaniolan Amazon parrots (Amazona ventralis). Animals-8 healthy adult Hispaniolan Amazon parrots of unknown sex. Procedures-Nalbuphine HCl (12.5 mg/kg) was administered IV and IM to all birds in a complete randomized crossover study design; there was a washout ...

Context: Vitex negundo Linn. (Verbenaceae) is an indigenous tree species in India. This tree species has been of interest to researchers because traditionally its roots are reported in the treatment of ulcer and colic pain. Objective: The present work was undertaken to validate its folk use in the treatment of ...

The efficacy of the Metarhizium anisopliae strain ARSEF 6911 was determined in the laboratory and field against two sugarcane pests, Microtermes obesi Holmgren and Odontotermes obesus Rambur (Termitidae: Isoptera). The susceptibility of both termite species to different conidial suspensions (1 × 10(10), 1 × 10(8), 1 × 10(6) and 1 ...

AIMS: We have evaluated the sedative properties of H1-antihistamines by using positron emission tomography (PET) and (11) C-doxepin. The purpose of the present study was to measure histamine H1 receptor occupancy (H1RO) of loratadine 10 mg in patients with allergic rhinitis and to compare this occupancy with that of d-chlorpheniramine 2 mg, ...

Behavioural sensitization to a single morphine exposure has been considered to be a long-term form of behavioural plasticity associated with opioid addiction. Accumulated evidence has shown that histone modification plays a key role in behavioural plasticity. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate whether the histone deacetylase inhibitors sodium butyrate ...

Background: The objective of this study was to assess the safety, maximum tolerated dose (MTD), pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics, and preliminary efficacy of SB939, a novel histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor, in patients with advanced solid malignancies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Dose-escalating cohorts of three to six patients received SB939 orally thrice weekly for ...

SB939 is an orally available, competitive histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor selective for class I, II and IV histone deacetylases. Preclinical evaluation of SB939 revealed a profile suggesting improved efficacy compared to other HDAC inhibitors. This phase I study was carried out to determine the safety, dose-limiting toxicity, recommended phase II ...

Twenty horses naturally infected with nematodes were included in a blind, controlled field study on efficacy and safety of an oral 2% ivermectin formulation at a dose of 0.2 mg.kg(-1). Horses were divided into treated and non-treated (control) groups with ten animals each based on preliminary counts of eggs per ...

ST-246® is an antiviral, orally bioavailable small molecule in clinical development for treatment of orthopoxvirus infections. An intravenous (IV) formulation may be required for some hospitalized patients who are unable to take oral medication. An IV formulation has been evaluated in three species previously used in evaluation of both efficacy ...

Serum sickness is an immune-complex-mediated illness that frequently occurs in patients after polyclonal antibody therapy (thymoglobulin). Although serum sickness has been described secondary to thymoglobulin therapy in adults, there are no reports in children on thymoglobulin-induced acute renal failure. We report a case of serum sickness in a 10-year-old girl ...

The ubiquity and fascinating nature of animal aggregations are widely recognised. We report here consistent and previously undocumented occurences of aggregations of a giant alien freshwater fish, the Wels catfish (Silurus glanis). Aggregative groups were on average composed of 25 (±10 SD, ranging from 15 to 44) adults with estimated ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of specific parameters of low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on biofilms formed by Streptococcus mutans, Candida albicans or an association of both species. Single and dual-species biofilms - SSB and DSB - were exposed to laser doses of 5, 10 or ...

The aim of the study is to summarize the effect of intensive-dose continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) on the mortality and other clinical outcomes. A systematic search for randomized, controlled trials (RCTs) was performed. We estimated pooled relative ratios and 95% confidence intervals using fixed effects model or random effects ...

Varenicline tartrate (Chantix®/Champix®) is a selective partial agonist of the α(4)β(2) nicotinic acetylcholine receptor and is approved as an aid to smoking cessation. The usual oral dosage in adults is 1 mg twice daily for 12 weeks, with an initial titration week. Several clinical pharmacology studies have characterized the pharmacokinetics ...

The primary purpose of this trial was to define and describe the toxicities of oral valproic acid (VPA) at doses required to maintain trough concentrations of 100 to 150 mcg/mL or 150 to 200 mcg/mL in children with refractory solid or central nervous system (CNS) tumors. Secondary objectives included assessment ...

Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a leading cause of acute renal failure and affects mortality and morbidity. We investigated the efficacy of prophylactic intravenous (IV) N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and hydration for the prevention of CIN in patients with mild to moderate renal dysfunction who are undergoing coronary angiography and/or percutaneous coronary intervention ...

A case of rhabdomyolysis associated with the use of phentermine is reported. A 32-year-old Caucasian man with a recent history of strenuous exercise sought treatment for significant back, shoulder, and radiating inguinal pain. The patient's home medications included the following, administered orally: esomeprazole, levothyroxine, irbesartan- hydrochlorothiazide, metoprolol succinate, metoclopramide, dicyclomine, ...

OBJECTIVES:: To determine the efficacy and safety of increasing allopurinol dose above proposed CrCL-based dosing guidelines in patients with gout. METHODS:: Patients with gout on stable dose allopurinol for ≥one month were recruited. Allopurinol dose was increased to obtain the target serum urate (SUA) <0.36mmol/L (6mg/dL). Patients were seen monthly ...

Previous studies suggest that adenosine A(1) receptor antagonists may promote natriuresis without deleterious effects on renal function. This study evaluated renal and hemodynamic effects as well as safety, pharmacokinetics, and tolerability of BG9928, a selective adenosine A(1)-receptor antagonist, in patients with heart failure. In this multicenter, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation ...

The purpose of this open-label, parallel-group study was to investigate the effect of severe renal impairment on the pharmacokinetics (PK), tolerability, and safety of clazosentan, an intravenous endothelin receptor antagonist. Clazosentan was administered as a continuous intravenous infusion of 1 mg/h for a period of 6 hours in 9 subjects ...

Aleglitazar is a new, balanced dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)α/γ agonist designed to optimize lipid and glycemic benefits and minimize PPAR-related adverse effects. SESTA R was a 26-week, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study comparing the effects of a supratherapeutic dosage of aleglitazar (600μg/day) with pioglitazone (45mg/day) on change in measured GFR ...

To determine the extent of elimination of trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX) via continuous venovenous hemodiafiltration (CVVHDF) in 2 critically ill patients with renal failure. A 62-year-old woman with Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia (PCP) was admitted to our intensive care unit for severe acute respiratory distress syndrome. A 77-year-old man was ...

The direct effects of adenosine A1 receptor antagonists on haemodynamic parameters in patients with acute heart failure (HF) remain largely unknown. We evaluated the haemodynamic effects of the AA(1)RA rolofylline in 59 HF patients with concomitant renal impairment (estimated creatinine clearance 20-80 mL/min). Placebo or rolofylline 30 mg was administered ...

Inotropic agents should only be administered in acute decompensated heart failure (ADHF) refractory to vasodilators at optimal doses because they are associated with adverse outcome. In this setting a noninvasive hemodynamic monitoring system (NHMS) could be useful for optimizing treatment. Inclusion criteria: advanced chronic heart failure, ejection fraction 30% or ...

The protective effect of combination therapy with valsartan and aliskiren against renal fibrosis remains to be defined. This study was undertaken to examine the protective effects of the combination of valsartan and aliskiren against renal fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO). Combination therapy with valsartan (15 mg·kg(-1)·day(-1)) and aliskiren ...