The pharmacokinetics of doripenem and doripenem-M-1 (inactive metabolite) were evaluated in an open-label, 2-period, single-sequence study in which single 1-g and 2-g doses of doripenem were administered intravenously over 4 hours to adult patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). The systemic exposure to doripenem and doripenem-M-1, as measured by observed apparent ...

PURPOSE: : Rotational IMRT is a new technique, whose value still has to be assessed. We evaluated its adequacy for the treatment of head and neck (H&N) cancer compared to the well-established step-and-shoot IMRT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: : A total of 15 patients, who were treated with either IMRT (13 ...

This work focuses on chloroform (CF) cometabolism by a butane-grown aerobic pure culture (Rhodococcus aetherovorans BCP1) in continuous-flow biofilm reactors. The goals were to obtain preliminary information on the feasibility of CF biodegradation by BCP1 in biofilm reactors and to evaluate the applicability of the pulsed injection of growth substrate ...

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by a chronic neutrophilic inflammatory response resulting in airway remodeling and progressive loss of lung function. Doxycycline is a tetracycline antibiotic which inhibits matrix metalloproteinase-9, a protease known to be associated with severity of lung disease in CF. The pharmacokinetics of doxycycline was investigated during the ...

The aim of this study was to analyze the effect of indapamide and its combination with ACE inhibitor (captopril) and antioxidant (Provinols(TM)) on both myocardial hypertrophy and fibrosis. Wistar rats were treated with L-NAME (40 mg/kg/day, L); L-NAME plus indapamide (1 mg/kg/day), or captopril (10 mg/kg/day), or Provinols(TM) (40 mg/kg/day), ...

Every-2-week (dose-dense) adjuvant doxorubicin (A) plus cyclophosphamide (C) followed by cremophor-formulated paclitaxel (cf-P) was efficacious in metastatic breast cancer (BC). Albumin-bound paclitaxel (ab-P) was safe and more effective than cf-P, and the addition of bevacizumab to cf-P improved efficacy. This study compared the safety of dose-dense ab-P vs cf-P plus ...

To investigate experimentally the possible antitumor effect of methanol extract (ME) of Calotropis gigantea L. (C. gigantean) root bark and its petroleum ether (PEF) and chloroform (CF) soluble fractions against Ehrlich ascites carcinoma (EAC) in Swiss albino mice. The effects of ME (10 and 20 mg/kg), PEF (40 and 80 ...

To evaluate the anti-inflammatory property of leaves of Sansevieria liberica Ger. and Labr. and to ascertain the toxicity and phytochemical profiles of the extract of the leaves. The juice from the fresh leaves was expressed manually and lyophilized. The crude extract (CE) was then fractionated into n-hexane fraction (HF), chloroform ...

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive lung disease with a high mortality rate. Because the signaling pathways activated by several tyrosine kinase receptors have been shown to be involved in lung fibrosis, it has been suggested that the inhibition of these receptors may slow the progression of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. ...

Our previous study has already confirmed a promising anti-fibrotic activity especially for nilotinib; when given at a daily dose of 10mg/kg during the last 4weeks of thioacetamide (TAA)-induced liver fibrosis for 12weeks in rats. Therefore, this study was carried out to compare the prophylactic potential of low dose of nilotinib ...

To determine the effectiveness of an algorithm containing 1 of 3 initial subcutaneous doses of insulin detemir and flexible prandial and supplemental insulin aspart in stable patients who have undergone cardiac surgery and are being transitioned off intravenous insulin infusion. Patients were extubated, were not taking vasopressors, and were otherwise ...

The accuracy with which (123)I activity is measured by a dose calibrator depends on the composition and geometry of the source. The present study assessed the variability of current commercial dose calibrators in assaying liquid (123)I samples. METHODS: A calibration procedure for (123)I measurement was performed on 177 dose calibrators ...

Prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) is a lipid mediator that is produced via the metabolism of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenase enzymes. In the lung, PGE(2) acts as an anti-inflammatory factor and plays an important role in tissue repair processes. Although several studies have examined the role of PGE(2) in the pathogenesis of ...

Background VX-809, a cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator, has been shown to increase the cell surface density of functional F508del-CFTR in vitro. Methods A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the safety, tolerability and pharmacodynamics of VX-809 in adult patients with cystic fibrosis (n=89) who were homozygous for the ...

Lacritin is a novel human tear glycoprotein that promotes basal tear peroxidase secretion by rat lacrimal acinar cells in vitro. This study investigates whether lacritin is prosecretory when added topically to the ocular surface of normal living rabbits, and if so, what is its efficacy and tolerability versus cyclosporine and ...

In this study, we describe the antinociceptive activity of the ethanol extract (EE), chloroform (CF) and methanol (MF) fractions obtained from Sida cordifolia, popularly known in Brazil as "malva branca" or "malva branca sedosa". Leaves of S. cordifolia were used to produce the crude ethanol extract and after CF and ...

Oseltamivir is a prodrug of oseltamivir carboxylate (OC), a neuraminidase inhibitor used for treatment and prevention of influenza. The pharmacokinetics of these 2 compounds were investigated after a single 75-mg oseltamivir dose in 6 patients with cystic fibrosis (CF). Means ± standard deviations of the area under the curve from ...

A light-weight portable neutron survey meter was developed using a mixed organic gas counter for dose management at nuclear power plants and accelerator facilities. This survey meter, NSN31041, is ∼2 kg in weight and W160×H250×L300 mm(3) in size, which is capable of measuring neutron ambient dose equivalent rate from thermal ...

In this investigation, the effects of feeding encapsulated cells (rhizomycelia and zoospores) of a fibrolytic isolate from an anaerobic fungus (Neocallimastix sp. CF 17) on nutrient digestion, ruminal fermentation, microbial populations, enzyme profile and growth performance were evaluated in buffaloes. In three in vitro studies, the true digestibility of wheat ...

Wearn, J.M.G., Crisman, M.V., Davis, J.L., Geor, R.J., Hodgson, D.R., Suagee, J.K., Ashraf-Khorassani, M., McCutcheon, L.J. Pharmacokinetics of pioglitazone after multiple oral dose administration in horses. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 252-258. Pioglitazone is a thiazolidinedione class of antidiabetic agent with proven efficacy in increasing insulin sensitivity in humans with noninsulin-dependent ...

High-dose insulin (HDI) and intravenous fat emulsion (IFE) are used in overdoses, although rarely combined. To our knowledge, IFE therapy has not been reported in overdoses of diltiazem, metoprolol and amiodarone. We report a severe overdose of these drugs treated with HDI and IFE in a patient with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy ...

BACKGROUND: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is a progressive and fatal lung disease with inevitable loss of lung function. The CAPACITY programme (studies 004 and 006) was designed to confirm the results of a phase 2 study that suggested that pirfenidone, a novel antifibrotic and anti-inflammatory drug, reduces deterioration in lung function ...

Canagliflozin, a potent, selective sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor in development for treatment of type 2 diabetes, lowers plasma glucose (PG) by lowering the renal threshold for glucose (RT(G) ) and increasing urinary glucose excretion (UGE). An ascending single oral-dose Phase 1 study investigated safety, tolerability, and pharmacodynamics (PD) ...

Objective: It is currently suggested that chronic hyperinsulinemia is a causal factor for the increased production rate of very-low-density lipoproteins (VLDL) associated with metabolic syndrome. However, the involvement of hyperinsulinemia independently of the other abnormalities also observed in metabolic syndrome has never been proven in humans. Design: We used patients ...

To determine characteristics and effects of nurse dosing over-rides of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) for intensive insulin therapy (IIT) in critical care units. Retrospective analysis of patient database records and ethnographic study of nurses using IIT CDSS. The authors determined the frequency, direction-greater than recommended (GTR) and less ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: To investigate the effects of glucose, parenteral amino acids, and intravenous insulin on albumin synthesis rates in critically ill children. METHODS: Two studies were performed in 8 post-surgical infants (age 9.8 ± 1.9 months; weight 9.5 ± 1.1 kg) and 9 septic adolescents (age 15 ± 1 yr; BMI 23 ± 4 kg m(-2)), respectively. All received a primed, ...

INTRODUCTION: Fasting and postprandial plasma glucose (FPG, PPG) control are both necessary to achieve glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA(1c)) regulation goals. Liraglutide, based on its glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)-mediated pharmacology and pharmacokinetics may reduce HbA(1c) through both FPG and PPG levels. The objective of the present study was to investigate the effect ...

The increase in insulin secretion caused by glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and GLP-1 mimetics observed during an intravenous glucose test (IVGTT) has been reported in both normal and disease animal models, as well as in humans. In this study, a hierarchical population modeling approach is used, together with a previously reported ...

Aims: To assess the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and potential immunogenicity of single, escalating subcutaneous injections of a once-weekly glucagon-like peptide 1 analog in healthy subjects. Materials and Methods : This phase 1, three-period, crossover, double-blind, placebo-controlled study investigated single, escalating subcutaneous doses of LY2189265 (LY) ranging from 0.1 to ...

The objective of the study was to determine the effect of replacing triticale (high rumen degradable starch) with maize grain (low rumen degradable starch) during the transition period and the first 120 days of lactation on metabolic and hormonal profile indices, milk production and fertility performance in cows. Forty-eight Holstein-Friesian ...

In cystic fibrosis (CF) airway obstruction and recurrent respiratory infection lead to inflammation, long-term lung damage, respiratory failure and death. Anti-inflammatory agents, e.g. oral corticosteroids are used since inflammation occurs early in disease. To assess the effectiveness of oral corticosteroids in respiratory complications in CF, particularly lung function and adverse ...

Background and objective. Beta-blocker overdose may result in intractable cardiovascular collapse despite conventional antidotal treatments. High dose insulin/glucose (ING), and more recently intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE), have been proposed as potentially beneficial therapies in beta blocker intoxication. We compare efficacy of the novel antidotes ING, with ILE, in a rabbit ...

This pharmacokinetic (PK) study was designed to investigate the maximum intranasal insulin dose that could be achieved by repeated doses in a single nostril of a nasal spray of recombinant regular human insulin 1% in combination with cyclopentadecalactone (CPE-215) 2%, a compound that enhances absorption of molecules across mucous membranes ...

Due to concerns that cyanuric acid (CYA)-contaminated feed had been used in aquaculture and could enter the human food chain, a method to quantify CYA residues in the edible tissues of fish and shrimp was previously developed and validated. This paper provides further data on the deliberate feeding of CYA ...

A 41-year-old woman presented with dyspnoea, persistent leucocytosis and eosinophilia for 8 months. High-resolution computed tomography scan and pathology of bronchoalveolar lavage confirmed the diagnosis of hypereosinophilic pneumonitis. The patient was treated with prednisolone (0·5-1 mg/kg/day) for more than 20 weeks under the impression of hypereosinophilic syndrome, but without improvement ...

To investigate the effects of heparin administration on urine protein excretion during the developmental stages of experimentally induced laminitis in horses. 13 horses. Procedures-Horses received unfractionated heparin (80 U/kg, SC, q 8 h; n=7) or no treatment (control group; 6) beginning 3 days prior to induction of laminitis. All horses ...

Pustulotic arthro-osteitis (PAO), which is one of the most intractable complications of palmoplantar pustulosis (PPP), is resistant to conventional therapies such as oral administration of NSAIDs. The main purpose of this study was to assess the effectiveness of cyclosporine for treating PPP with PAO. Seven patients affected by PPP with ...

We studied the effect of acute and sustained cyclosporine and tacrolimus on muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) in groups of healthy male volunteers. Acute cyclosporine in normal dose (2.5 mg/kg) increased MSNA from 11 +/- 6 to 19 +/- 8 bursts/min (P < 0.05). Acute cyclosporine in high dose (10 ...

The present study aims to investigate the effects of prednisolone on the pharmacokinetics of orally and intravenously administered loratadine in rats. A single dose of loratadine was administered orally (4 mg/kg) and intravenously (1 mg/kg) in the presence or absence of prednisolone (0.2 or 0.8 mg/kg). Compared to the oral ...

Cyclosporine A (CyA) is a useful immunosuppressive agent for steroid-dependent or steroid-refractory ulcerative colitis. However, side effects have been reported in clinical trials of ulcerative colitis treated with CyA. Biodegradable microspheres (MS) have been investigated as drug delivery system. We evaluated the effect of a drug delivery system with poly(d,l-lactic ...

INTRODUCTION: Sotrastaurin is an immunosuppressant that inhibits protein kinase C and blocks T-lymphocyte activation. The authors determined the effect of combining sotrastaurin with the calcineurin inhibitor cyclosporine on the pharmacokinetics and biomarker responses to both drugs. METHODS: This was a randomized, 4-period, crossover study in 20 healthy subjects who received ...

This study explored the use of gellan gum as an immobilization matrix for production of cyclosporin A (CyA) by immobilized spores and mycelia of Tolypocladium inflatum MTCC 557. Different carriers, such as gellan gum, sodium alginate, celite beads and silica, were tested as immobilization carriers, along with the role of ...

Over the past decade, combination therapies have become a mainstay of dermatologic care in psoriasis. Combination therapies are often more effective and safer than large dose single-agent therapies. With the emergence of new biologic therapies, dermatologists now have a wider array of tools to treat psoriasis. Although much data exists ...

Cyclosporine A is a well-known immunosuppressant drug that is currently used for prevention of allograft rejection. The current study was conducted to explore the therapeutic potential of cyclosporine A against 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NP)-induced neurotoxicity, an animal model of Huntington disease (HD). Systemic administration of 3-NP (10 mg/kg) for 14 days ...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Orally administered prednisolone and dexamethasone are used commonly in the treatment of recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses. However, the efficacy of prednisolone in improving pulmonary function during continuous antigen exposure has not been evaluated critically and there is little evidence supporting the efficacy of low-dose ...

To evaluate the effects of cyclosporin A (CyA) on clinical outcome and pathologic changes in children with IgA nephropathy (IgAN), we retrospectively evaluated 14 children (mean age 8.9+/-2.9 yr; eight males, six females) who were treated with CyA and steroids. The starting dose of CyA was 5 mg/kg per day, ...

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 6-year-old spayed female Miniature Dachshund was examined because of a 3-day history of anorexia and diarrhea. Clinical FINDINGS: A lump was detected during abdominal palpation. Biochemical abnormalities included increases in serum concentrations of total protein, globulin, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Abdominal radiography and abdominal ultrasonography revealed a ...

The present study was designed to investigate the effect of a single purple grape juice administration on cyclosporin A (CyA) oral bioavailability in healthy volunteers. The study followed a two-period crossover design, where the volunteers were randomly assigned to receive 200-mg CyA soft-gelatin capsules with 200 mL of either purple ...

BACKGROUND: Voriconazole is used to manage invasive fungal diseases in recipients of an allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) after myeloablative treatment. Little is known about the pharmacokinetics (PK) of voriconazole in this population, who also receive cyclosporine A. METHODS: Patients admitted for an allogeneic HSCT were eligible for the ...

To compare the dose uniformity of difluprednate ophthalmic emulsion 0.05% (Durezol(®)) with both branded and generic prednisolone acetate ophthalmic suspension 1% under different simulated patient usage conditions. Drug concentrations of difluprednate emulsion, branded prednisolone acetate suspension (Pred Forte(®)) and generic prednisolone acetate suspension following three storage conditions (upright, then shaken; ...