The objective of this study was to determine reasons behind the low oral (p.o.) bioavailability of glucosamine. By using male Sprague-Dawley rats, the movement of glucosamine through everted gut, the effect of dose and glucose, and inhibition of a glucose transporter (GLUT2) by quercetin were studied. Glucosamine pharmacokinetics and the ...

RATIONALE: Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (Δ(9)-THC) modifies dopamine efflux. However, the extent to which cannabinoid and dopamine drugs modify each other's behavioral effects has not been fully established. OBJECTIVES: This study examined dopamine releasers and/or transport inhibitors alone and in combination with cannabinoids in two drug discrimination assays. METHODS: Experimentally and pharmacologically experienced ...

To verify if the methylene blue (MB) administration prevents and/or reverses the compound 48/80 (C48/80)-induced anaphylactic shock in pigs. Female Dalland pigs were anesthetized and had the hemodynamic parameters recorded during the necessary time to administer some drugs and observe their effect. The animals were randomly assigned to one of ...

Oxytocin may cause adverse cardiovascular effects, including tachycardia and hypotension, whereas the optimal dose of oxytocin at elective cesarean section is unclear. To determine the lowest effective dose of oxytocin, we studied the hemodynamic effects of three doses during spinal anesthesia for elective single cesarean delivery. Sixty women received oxytocin ...

Several treatment strategies are used for selective internal radiation therapy with (90)Y-microspheres. The diversity of approaches does not favor the standardization of the prescribed activity calculation. To this aim, a fast 3-dimensional (3D) dosimetry method was developed for (90)Y-microsphere treatment planning and was clinically evaluated retrospectively. METHODS: Our 3D approach ...

ACADEMIC EMERGENCY MEDICINE 2011; 18:1135-1140 © 2011 by the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine ABSTRACT: Objectives:  l-Carnitine is an essential compound involved in cellular energy production through free fatty acid metabolism. It has been theorized that severe verapamil toxicity "shifts" heart energy production away from free fatty acids and toward ...

We report a misleading outcome of colonic transit time (CTT) assessment in an adolescent girl with functional constipation. We found prolonged total and right segmental CTT despite high doses of oral polyethylene glycol 4000 and repeated treatment with polyethylene glycol-electrolyte solution (Klean-Prep®) by nasogastric tube. A colonoscopy aiming at disimpaction ...

Purpose: To investigate the feasibility of artificial neural networks (ANN) to reconstruct dose maps for intensity modulated radiation treatment (IMRT) fields compared with those of the treatment planning system (TPS).Methods: An artificial feed forward neural network and the back-propagation learning algorithm have been used to replicate dose calculations of IMRT ...

A novel carboxymethyl starch (CMS)/chitosan polyelectrolyte complex (PEC) was proposed as an excipient for oral administration of ovalbumin. The dissolution of ovalbumin from monolithic tablets (200 mg, 2.1×9.6 mm, 50% loading) obtained by direct compression was studied. When CMS was used as an excipient, more than 70% of the loaded ...

Background: Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), the agent of Johne's disease in cattle, is a facultative intracellular bacterium that is dependent on ferric iron for its survival and replication. Gallium (Ga), a trivalent semimetal that shares many similarities with ferric iron and functions as an iron mimic has been shown ...

OBJECTIVES: Local anesthetic (LA) intoxication with severe hemodynamic compromise is a potential catastrophic event. Lipid resuscitation has been recommended for the treatment of LA-induced cardiac arrest. However, there are no data about effectiveness of Intralipid for the treatment of severe cardiovascular compromise prior to cardiac arrest. Aim of this study ...

Hydrocodone is a semisynthetic opioid medication that is widely used as an analgesic and antitussive. Since 2004 it has been the most commonly prescribed drug in the United States and is often misused as a drug of abuse. Hydrocodone is frequently encountered in the postmortem setting, both as a cause ...

INTRODUCTION: Clevidipine is an ultrashort-acting, intravenous calcium channel antagonist. Metabolism by blood and tissue esterases results in a half-life of 1 to 2 minutes. We present preliminary experience with this novel agent to provide controlled hypotension (CH) in a cohort of adolescents undergoing spinal surgery. METHODS: The records of patients ...

Sodium nitrite alone is shown to ameliorate sub-lethal cyanide toxicity in mice when given from ~1 hour before until 20 minutes after the toxic dose as demonstrated by the recovery of righting ability. An optimum dose (12 mg/kg) was determined to significantly relieve cyanide toxicity (5.0 mg/kg) when administered to ...

As important effector cells of the innate immune system, neutrophils are involved in rejection of solid organ and/or tissue transplants. But their role in rejection of oral mucosa transplantation (OMT) remains unclear. The aim of this study is to observe the spatial-temporal change of neutrophils during acute rejection of OMT. ...

Pegfilgrastim is a sustained-duration form of filgrastim, a recombinant methionyl form of human granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), to which a 20  kDa polyethylene glycol molecule is covalently bound to the N-terminal methionine residue. Similar to filgrastim, pegfilgrastim increases the proliferation and differentiation of neutrophils from committed progenitor cells, induces maturation, ...

To introduce a tool, termed distance to dose difference (DTD), which estimates the required spatial accuracy of displacement vector fields (DVFs) used for mapping four dimensional dose values. Dose mapping maps dose values from an irradiated geometry to a reference geometry. DVF errors result in dose being mapped from the ...

The potential subchronic toxicity of a dammarane-type triterpenoid saponin with antitumor effect, 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3, was studied repeated intramuscular administration in Beagle dogs over a 26-week period. 20(S)-Ginsenoside Rg3 was administrated intramuscularly at 0, 0.70, 2.86 or 7.20mg/kg/day doses for 26weeks in both male and female dogs (n=4 for male and ...

STUDY DESIGN.: Meta-analysis of literature. OBJECTIVE.: To evaluate the effect of perioperative nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) on the success rate of adult spinal fusion. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA.: NSAIDs are commonly used to treat postsurgical orthopedic pain. Studies on animal models have shown a significant inhibiting effect of NSAIDs on ...

What is already known about this subject Receptor antagonists that block the binding of chemokines such as CXCL8 (IL-8) are effective in animals models of neutrophil-mediated inflammation. It has been hypothesized that selective inhibition of neutrophil trafficking and activation may be a useful adjunct for the treatment of inflammatory airway ...

We tested the hypothesis that a selective phosphodiesterase type 4 inhibitor (PDE4-I) IC486051 (ICOS Corp) would attenuate early inflammatory and oxidative processes following spinal cord injury (SCI) when delivered during the first three days after injury. Rats receiving a moderately severe thoracic clip-compression SCI were treated with the PDE4-I (0.5, ...

A 78-year-old male with a 5-year history of neutropenia was admitted to our hospital with high fever. Peripheral blood and bone marrow findings showed severe granulocytic hypoplasia. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and steroid pulse therapy did not improve the clinical conditions at all, and severe sepsis persisted. After he was diagnosed ...

Aim of the study: To assess tramadol and O-desmethyltramadol (M1) concentrations and their correlations with analgesia in patients with cancer pain. Patients and methods: Thirty opioid - naive patients with nociceptive pain intensity on VAS (visual analogue scale) > 40 received controlled-release tramadol as the first (15 patients, 7 days) ...

The objective of this study was to characterize the pharmacokinetics and the time course of the neutropenia-induced by hyperthermic intraperitoneal oxaliplatin (HIO) after cytoreductive surgery in cancer patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis. Data from 30 patients who received 360 mg/m(2) of HIO following cytoreductive surgery were used for pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) analysis. ...

Chemical precipitation to form magnesium ammonium phosphate (MAP) is an effective technology for recovering ammonium nitrogen (NH4(+)-N). In the present research, we investigated the thermodynamic modeling of the PHREEQC program for NH4(+)-N recovery to evaluate the effect of reaction factors on MAP precipitation. The case study of NH4(+)-N recovery from ...

Background: Inhalation of cotton-based particulate has been associated with respiratory symptoms and overt lung disease related to endotoxin exposure in some studies. This cross-sectional study measures personal exposure to inhalable dust and endotoxin in the textile industry of Nepal. METHODS: This study was conducted in four sectors (garment making, carpet ...

Fentanyl is a potent opioid with a short duration of action. Fentanyl sublingual has been formulated as a rapidly disintegrating tablet that is quickly absorbed, producing a fast onset of analgesia. In two randomized, double-blind clinical trials, fentanyl sublingual as single fixed or titrated doses reduced pain intensity during breakthrough ...

We examined the antioxidant properties in vitro and the antinociceptive effect of carvacrol (CARV) in several models of pain in mice. CARV presented a strong antioxidant potential according to the TRAP/TAR evaluation; it also presented scavenger activity against nitric oxide and prevented lipid peroxidation in vitro. In mice, when evaluated ...

The interaction between ceruloplasmin (CP), the multicopper oxidase of human plasma, and 5-lipoxygenase (5-LO), the key enzyme of leukotriene synthesis, is shown for the first time. By Western-blotting and mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments, it is shown that 5-LO from protein extract of human leukocytes binds with immobilized CP. Dose-dependent ...

Little is known about patients prescribed high doses of opioids to treat chronic non-cancer pain, though these patients may be at higher risk for medication-related complications. We describe the prevalence of high-dose opioid use and associated demographic and clinical characteristics among veterans treated in a VA regional healthcare network. Veterans ...

Albinterferon alfa-2b (albIFN) is being developed, in combination with ribavirin, for the treatment of hepatitis C virus infection. This study was designed to evaluate the pharmacokinetics, safety, and tolerability of a 900-μg dose of albIFN administered as a single subcutaneous injection in end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients on hemodialysis and ...

Tramadol is an opioid-like analgesic with relatively mild side effects. Because it is inexpensive and is not classified as a controlled substance by the US federal government, the authors wanted to evaluate its applicability as a practical and effective analgesic in male Sprague Dawley rats. They measured the efficacy of ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect and tolerability of low doses of transdermal (TD) fentanyl patches in opioid-naive patients with cancer pain. This was a nonrandomized, open-label, uncontrolled study in fifty consecutive opioid-naive patients with advanced cancer and moderate pain. TD fentanyl was initiated at a ...

To assess platelet function and safety following single-dose administration of a novel formulation of intravenous (IV) diclofenac sodium (Dyloject) 37.5 mg versus oral diclofenac 50 mg, IV ketorolac 30 mg, and oral acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) 325 mg. Open-label, randomized, single-dose, 4-treatment crossover study. Clinical research unit. 30 healthy, ASA physical ...

Immunomodulatory effect of ethanolic extract (50%) of M. oleifera leaves (MOE) has been studied in normal and immunosuppressed mice models. Different doses of MOE i.e. 125, 250 and 500 mg/kg body weight of mice were administered orally for 15 days. Cyclophosphamide at a dose of 30 mg/kg body weight was ...

Nitric oxide (NO) derived from neuronal nitric-oxide synthase (nNOS) and inducible nitric-oxide synthase (iNOS) plays a key role in various pain and inflammatory states. KLYP961 (4-((2-cyclobutyl-1H-imidazo[4,5-b]pyrazin-1-yl)methyl)-7,8-difluoroquinolin-2(1H)-one) inhibits the dimerization, and hence the enzymatic activity of human, primate, and murine iNOS and nNOS (IC(50) values 50-400 nM), with marked selectivity against ...

This prospective, randomized, double-blind study compared the analgesic efficacy and safety of parecoxib sodium versus lornoxicam and diclofenac, after Lichtenstein tension-free mesh inguinal hernia repair. Patients were randomly assigned to receive parecoxib 80 mg daily i.v. (Group A), lornoxicam 16 mg daily i.v. (Group B) or diclofenac 150 mg daily i.m. (Group C). ...

The aim of this study was to assess any interaction between ondansetron and paracetamol on a model of post-fracture pain in mice. In protocol A, after fracture of the tibia, mice were assigned to four groups: paracetamol 30 mg kg⁻¹, paracetamol 50 mg kg⁻¹, paracetamol 100 mg kg⁻¹, or a ...

Efficacy of pain relief may potentially be enhanced by combining two or more analgesics with different mechanisms of action. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy and tolerability of a novel single-tablet combination of ibuprofen and paracetamol compared with placebo in females experiencing moderate-to-severe pain due to ...

Fosse, T. K., Toutain, P. L., Spadavecchia, C., Haga, H. A., Horsberg, T. E., Ranheim, B. Ketoprofen in piglets: enantioselective pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and PK/PD modelling. J. vet. Pharmacol. Therap.34, 338-349. The chiral pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of ketoprofen were investigated in a placebo-controlled study in piglets after intramuscular administration of 6 mg/kg ...

The use of cholinergic drugs, either alone or in combination with other drugs, has been suggested as an approach to improve treatment outcome for patients suffering from neuropathic pain. The present study was undertaken in the rat spared nerve injury model of neuropathic pain to evaluate the effect of the ...

To assess the efficacy and tolerability of canakinumab, a fully human anti-interleukin-1β monoclonal antibody, for the treatment of acute gouty arthritis. In this 8-week, single-blind, double-dummy, dose-ranging study, patients with acute gouty arthritis whose disease was refractory to or who had contraindications to nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and/or colchicine were randomized ...

To investigate the efficacy of meloxicam or tolfenamic acid administered preoperatively and postoperatively (five days in total) to cats undergoing surgical fracture repair. Eighty-eight otherwise healthy cats were matched according to fracture site and then randomly allocated to one of two groups, receiving 0·2 mg/kg meloxicam by subcutaneous injection (group ...

The amount of NSAID intake could be considered as a clinically relevant outcome measure in ankylosing spondylitis. The information should include at least the following: (1) the type of NSAID; (2) the dose; (3) the number of days taking NSAID during the period of interest. The objectives of this initiative ...

A retrospective study of patients who were prescribed controlled-release oxycodone (CRO) in a period of 3 years (2006-2008) was performed. A total of 212 patients were prescribed at discharge CRO for background analgesia; 129, 43, and 40 patients were prescribed doses of oxycodone of less than 120 mg/day (group L), ...

Ketorolac added to tramadol as an injection mixture convenient for clinical use has been shown to be an effective balanced analgesic regimen in alleviating moderate-to-severe pain. However, analytical confirmation of the compatibility and stability of this combination is not available. This study examined the compatibility and stability of this combination. ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the thermal antinociceptive effect of various single doses of gabapentin administered orally in cats. ANIMALS: 6 healthy adult domestic shorthair cats. PROCEDURES: Baseline skin temperature and baseline thermal threshold were determined via application of a thermal probe to the thorax of each cat prior to oral administration ...

OBJECTIVE: animal and human studies suggest that coadministration of two opioids with different receptor binding properties may result in enhanced analgesia and fewer opioid-related adverse events (AEs). Q8003 (MoxDuo), an oral dual-opioid formulation with a fixed ratio (3:2) of morphine and oxycodone, was evaluated for analgesic effects and safety in ...

Ibuprofen was the first over-the-counter nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug available in the United States. Despite being a common agent of ingestion, significant toxicity in overdose is rare. We report a case of a massive ibuprofen ingestion who developed polyuria, acidosis, and coma but survived, despite having a serum ibuprofen concentration greater ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare analgesic effects of tramadol, codeine, and ketoprofen administered alone and in combination and their effects on concentrations of blood glucose, serum cortisol, and serum interleukin (IL)-6 in dogs undergoing maxillectomy or mandibulectomy. ANIMALS: 42 dogs with oral neoplasms. PROCEDURES: 30 minutes before the end of surgery, dogs ...