The monitoring of antimicrobial use is an essential step to control the selection and spread of antimicrobial resistance. Between January and October 2010 data on prophylactic and metaphylactic antimicrobial use were collected retrospectively on 50 closed or semi-closed pig herds. Ninety-three percent of the group treatments were prophylactic whereas only ...

The use of antimicrobials in production animals has become a worldwide concern in the face of rising resistance levels in commensal, pathogenic and zoonotic bacteria. In the years 2007 and 2008 antimicrobial consumption records were collected during two non consecutive production cycles in 32 randomly selected Belgian broiler farms. Antimicrobials ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Bupivacaine extended-release liposome injection is an investigational local analgesic intended for use in postsurgical pain management. In recognition of the incompletely characterized association of bupivacaine use and cardiac effects, this article reviews the cardiac safety profile of this novel formulation of bupivacaine. METHODS: Findings from paired electrocardiograms ...

PURPOSE: Cardiac side effects of granisetron have been studied mostly in adult patients that are using cardiotoxic chemotherapeutics. There is limited evidence in pediatric age group and no information in pediatric oncology patients with non-cardiotoxic chemotherapeutics. METHODS: In this prospective, crossover randomized study, the cardiac side effects of granisetron are ...

Dexmedetomidine (DEX) for sedation in diagnostic and interventional cardiac catheterization (DICC) has been reported to require other drugs or rescue drugs because of its insufficient sedative effect when used alone. We administered DEX and adjusted its dose according to the bispectral index (BIS) monitor™ for DICC in a toddler; consequently, ...

The interactions between selenium (sodium selenite), anthracycline antibiotics daunorubicin (DNR), and major contractile protein cardiac myosin (CM) were investigated. The results showed that the binding force between selenium and CM was 100 times stronger than that of DNR and CM. There was no marked influence on fluorescence intensity of DNR-CM ...

Celivarone in Atrial Fibrillation/Atrial Flutter. Introduction: Celivarone, a new noniodinated benzofuran derivative pharmacologically related to dronedarone and amiodarone, has been shown to have antiarrhythmic properties at a molecular level. The purpose of the 2 trials presented here (MAIA and CORYFEE) was to assess celivarone efficacy in the maintenance of sinus rhythm postcardioversion ...

Abstract Study Objective. To compare the effects of vecuronium administered as an intravenous continuous infusion versus intermittent bolus doses in patients treated with therapeutic hypothermia after sudden cardiac arrest (SCA). Design. Retrospective medical record review. Setting. Cardiac care unit of a university-affiliated, level I trauma center. Patients. Of 123 adults ...

Prolongation of the corrected QT interval (QTc) on the electrocardiography is an important clinical condition because it increases the risk of torsade de pointes, a medical emergency that can cause sudden cardiac death. QTc prolongation can be induced by many drugs, including antipsychotics and tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs). Compared with TCAs, ...

PURPOSECarbonyl reductases (CBRs) catalyze reduction of anthracyclines to cardiotoxic alcohol metabolites. Polymorphisms in CBR1 and CBR3 influence synthesis of these metabolites. We examined whether single nucleotide polymorphisms in CBR1 (CBR1 1096G>A) and/or CBR3 (CBR3 V244M) modified the dose-dependent risk of anthracycline-related cardiomyopathy in childhood cancer survivors. PATIENTS AND METHODSOne hundred ...

The androgen nandrolone decanoate (ND) is known to cause cardiovascular abnormalities, such as attenuation of the Bezold-Jarisch Reflex (BJR), cardiac hypertrophy, and elevation of mean arterial pressure (MAP). Futhermore, a relationship between androgens and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been reported. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the ...

Case We report a case of ventricular bigeminy with concomitant administration of methadone, voriconazole and esomeprazole in a Caucasian woman aged 26 with acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Plasma concentrations of voriconazole and methadone were high, 12.4 mg/l (therapeutic range: 1-4 mg/l) and 1.6 mg/l (therapeutic range: 0.2-0.4 mg/l), respectively. In the absence of esomeprazole, no ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation between cardiac output (CO) and reversibility of rocuronium-induced moderate neuromuscular block with sugammadex in elderly patients. METHODS: Fifty elderly (≥ 65 years) patients were enrolled in this study. During 1.0-1.5% end-tidal sevoflurane and remifentanil anaesthesia, contraction of the adductor pollicis ...

ABSTRACT: Aleglitazar is a dual peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-α/γ agonist in clinical development, designed to offer a balanced activation of PPAR-α and PPAR-γ. A Phase II trial has demonstrated improvements in dyslipidemia and glycemic control and reduction of cardiovascular risk markers in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treated ...

The present study was designed to determine the effect of a new (25)Mg(2+)-carrying nanoparticle ((25)MgPMC16) on energy depletion, oxidative stress, and electrocardiographic (ECG) parameters on heart tissue of the rats poisoned by aluminum phosphide (AlP). (25)MgPMC16 at doses of 0.025, 0.05, and 0.1 median lethal dose (LD50 = 896 mg/kg) ...

Background: Neonatal asphyxia can be complicated by myocardial dysfunction with secondary alterations in pulmonary and regional hemodynamics. Levosimendan is a calcium-sensitizing inotrope that may support cardiac output, but little is known regarding its differential hemodynamic effects in asphyxiated neonates. Methods: Mixed breed piglets (1-4 days old, weight 1.6-2.3 kg) were ...

BACKGROUND: The cardiac safety of trastuzumab concurrent with pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) in an adjuvant breast cancer treatment regimen is unknown. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Women with resected node-positive or intermediate-risk node-negative HER2 overexpressing breast cancer and baseline left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) ≥55% were randomized (1 : 2) to doxorubicin 60 mg/m(2) ...

Background: Nalmefene is an orally administered competitive opioid receptor antagonist targeted at reducing alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent patients. As part of the regulatory requirements for drug approval, the potential of novel compounds for causing unwanted proarrhythmia should be studied in a thoroughly designed clinical QT/corrected QT (QTc) study (International Conference ...

Objectives: The study was intended to determine whether tocilizumab has a threshold pharmacologic effect on cardiac repolarization as detected by QT/QTc prolongation on 12-lead electrocardiograms (ECGs) in healthy subjects. Methods: This was a multicenter, double-blind, placebo- and active-controlled, parallel group study. Healthy subjects received either an intravenous infusion of tocilizumab ...

As a result of further SAR studies on a piperidinyl piperidine scaffold, we report the discovery of compound 44, a potent, orally bioavailable CCR2 antagonist. While having some in vitro hERG activity, this molecule was clean in an in vivo model of QT prolongation. In addition, it showed excellent efficacy ...

The novel antiarrhythmic drug K201 (4-[3-{1-(4-benzyl)piperidinyl}propionyl]-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1,4-benzothiazepine monohydrochloride) is currently in development for treatment of atrial fibrillation. K201 not only controls intracellular calcium release by the ryanodine receptors, but also possesses a ventricular action that might predispose to torsade de pointes arrhythmias. The anti- and proarrhythmic effects of K201 were investigated ...

Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT), combined with optimal medical therapy (OMT), is an established treatment for patients with advanced chronic heart failure (ACHF). In ACHF, carvedilol at the dose used in clinical trials, reduces morbidity and mortality. However, patients often do not tolerate the drug at the targeted dosage. The aim ...

Abstract BACKGROUND:Tachycardia and tachyarrhythmias are associated with increased morbidity and mortality in adult intensive care unit patients. This study examines the effects of nebulized bronchodilator therapy (albuterol and ipratropium) on heart rate and arrhythmias in this population and tests the proposition that levalbuterol is safer than albuterol in that regard. ...

PURPOSE: The benefit of tranexamic acid (TXA) in pediatric cardiac surgery on postoperative bleeding has varied among studies. It is also unclear whether the effects of TXA differ between cyanotic patients and acyanotic patients. The aim of this study was to test the benefit of TXA in pediatric cardiac surgery ...

BACKGROUND: Nalmefene is an orally administered competitive opioid receptor antagonist targeted at reducing alcohol consumption in alcohol-dependent patients. As part of the regulatory requirements for drug approval, the potential of novel compounds for causing unwanted proarrhythmia should be studied in a thoroughly designed clinical QT/corrected QT (QTc) study (International Conference ...

Case Description-3 Quarter Horse racehorses were examined for suspected clenbuterol overdose 12 to 24 hours after administration by mouth of a compounded clenbuterol product. Clinical Findings-All horses developed sinus tachycardia, muscle tremors, hyperhidrosis, and colic. Abnormalities on serum biochemical analysis included hyperglycemia, azotemia, and high creatine kinase activity. The presence ...

We sought to determine the safety and preliminary efficacy of transcatheter intramyocardial administration of myoblasts in patients with heart failure (HF). MARVEL is a randomized placebo-controlled trial of image-guided, catheter-based intramyocardial injection of placebo or myoblasts (400 or 800 million) in patients with class II to IV HF and ejection ...

Objectives:  Local anesthetic (LA) intoxication with cardiovascular arrest is a potential fatal complication of regional anesthesia. Lipid resuscitation has been recommended for the treatment of LA-induced cardiac arrest. Aim of the study was to compare four different rescue regimens using epinephrine and/or lipid emulsion and vasopressin to treat cardiac arrest ...

What this paper adds: What is already known about this subject- Escitalopram is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the S-enantiomer of racemic citalopram. Previous studies have shown that the most clinically important effect of escitalopram overdose is QT prolongation with the associated risk of torsades des pointes. It remains ...

Decreased systolic function is central to the pathogenesis of heart failure in millions of patients worldwide, but mechanism-related adverse effects restrict existing inotropic treatments. This study tested the hypothesis that omecamtiv mecarbil, a selective cardiac myosin activator, will augment cardiac function in human beings. In this dose-escalating, crossover study, 34 ...

1 In cardiac surgery, agents are needed to produce temporary cardiac arrest (cardioplegia). One of these agents is esmolol (ESM) which is a short-acting selective beta-1 adrenergic receptor antagonist and its overdose causes diastolic ventricular arrest. 2 The (25) MgPMC(16) (porphyrin adducts of cyclohexil fullerene-C60) is known as a nanoparticle which has ...

Purpose A case of paralytic ileus in a patient receiving oral diltiazem therapy for atrial fibrillation is reported. Summary A 64-year-old man with a history of multiple serious comorbidities, poly-pharmacy, and a recent hospital stay for acute cardiac problems was readmitted to the hospital for gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding. On day ...

Report of three cases of chylothorax and one case of chylous ascites in children who had undergone cardiac surgery with no response to routine clinical treatment, based on fasting and long-term parenteral nutrition. Treatment with octreotide at an initial dose of 1.0 mcg/kg/h was chosen, with a gradual increase of ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Cardiac morphologic and functional changes consistent with cardiomyopathy have been reported in field cases of calves with accidental doxycycline overdosing. The purpose of this study was to evaluate clinically the cardiac effects of an experimentally-induced doxycycline overdosing in healthy calves. Twelve 2 months-old healthy Belgian Blue calves were ...

Vernakalant hydrochloride is a novel, relatively atrial-selective antiarrhythmic agent that rapidly converts atrial fibrillation (AF) to sinus rhythm (SR). This analysis integrates pharmacokinetic (PK) and safety data from 5 clinical trials of patients with AF or atrial flutter (AFL). Patients were initially given a 10-min intravenous (IV) infusion of vernakalant ...

Objective-To evaluate degree of sedation and cardiovascular, respiratory, acid-base excess, and electrolyte variables in response to IM administration of dexmedetomidine or dexmedetomidine with atropine. Design-Randomized crossover study. Animals-5 healthy 1- to 2-year-old sexually intact male Treeing Walker Coonhounds. Procedures-Dogs were instrumented with catheters placed in the dorsal pedal artery and ...

Background: Doxepin tablets have recently been approved in the United States in doses of 3 and 6 mg for the treatment of insomnia characterized by difficulty with sleep maintenance. OBJECTIVE: Because no previous thorough QT evaluation of doxepin has been conducted, the primary objective of this study was to assess ...

The present study was designed to evaluate the significance of echocardiography versus cardiac troponin I levels in early detection of anthracycline dependent cardiotoxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) patients. A total of 276 pediatric ALL patients were included in the study prospectively along 3 phases of data collection lasted from ...

Acorus calamus has been used as a traditional remedy since ancient days but its cardioprotective effect is not yet well characterized. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of A. calamus rhizome extract in isoproterenol-induced cardiomyopathy in rats. Male Wistar rats were treated with normal saline (0.5 ml/kg, ...

PURPOSE: Sunitinib is an oral multi-targeted receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitor. The purpose of this study was to determine the recommended phase 2 dose, pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamic effects, and preliminary anti-tumor activity of sunitinib in a pediatric population. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: Patients 2-21 years of age with refractory solid tumors were eligible if ...

Anthrax lethal toxin (LeTx) and edema toxin (EdTx) have been shown to alter hemodynamics in the rodent model, while LeTx primarily is reported to induce extensive tissue pathology. However, the rodent model has limitations when used for comparison to higher organisms such as humans. The rabbit model, on the other ...

We report the clinical management of 2 adults with mental retardation because of trisomy 21 who were sedated with high-dose dexmedetomidine (DEX) alone during diagnostic cardiac catheterization (DCC). The first patient was a 25-year-old man with aortic regurgitation and ventricular septal defect. DEX increased his Ramsay sedation score; however, a ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of lidocaine in a 48-hour infusion in patients undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). DESIGN: A retrospective substudy of a clinical trial assessing the efficacy of intravenous lidocaine for postoperative cognitive decline. SETTING: A university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Ninety-nine ...

PURPOSE: To investigate radiation dose to the heart in 60 patients with left-sided breast cancer who were treated with balloon-based high-dose-rate brachytherapy using MammoSite or Contura applicators. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We studied 60 consecutive women with breast cancer who were treated with 34 Gy in 10 twice-daily fractions using MammoSite ...

Objective: This study assesses the potential of the phosphodiesterase 4 inhibitor roflumilast to affect cardiac repolarization. Methods: In this randomized, placebo-controlled study (n = 80), 40 healthy subjects received moxifloxacin 400 mg p.o. (positive control for prolongation of QT/heart-rate corrected QT [QTc]) and another 40 received placebo. After a 1-day ...

Dried leaves of oleander were orally given at a single dose of 500 mg/kg body weight to 20 clinically healthy male chickens. Clinical signs of toxicosis began to appear about 1 h after receiving the oleander and included hypersalivation, vomiting, diarrhea, deep depression, and sudden death. Also, hyperemia in the ...

Aim AZD1305 is a combined ion channel blocker developed for the treatment of atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study was to determine whether AZD1305 was effective in converting AF to sinus rhythm (SR). Methods and results Patients with AF episodes of duration 3 h to 3 months were ...

Background: Thiazolidinediones cause peripheral oedema, the aetiology of which remains poorly understood. Methods: In a sub-study of a 6-month trial comparing rosiglitazone (Rsg) versus placebo, we compared those with versus without oedema among the 74 subjects treated with Rsg with respect to peak oxygen consumption indexed to fat-free mass (VO(2peak-FFM) ...

In the treatment of acute ischemic stroke, intravenous (IV) recombinant tissue plasminogen (rt-PA) and intraarterial (IA) interventions are often combined. However, the optimal dose of IV rt-PA preceding endovascular treatment has not been established. Studies that used combined IV and IA thrombolysis were identified from a search of the MEDLINE, ...

ABSTRACT The antimicrobial property of the ethanol leaf extract of Hymenocardia acida (H. acida) on some opportunistic respiratory pathogens was evaluated in this study. We also assessed the activity of the extract on tracheal mucociliary activity using murine tracheal mucus exudation and mucociliary motility in pigeons as experimental models. Phytochemical ...