BackgroundTriple antibody cocktail immunohistochemical staining is routinely used as an ancillary method to establish a diagnosis of prostate cancer in biopsies with small foci of atypical glands. Crush artefact can distort surgical margins in radical prostatectomy specimens, occasionally making it difficult to diagnose a positive margin.AimTo investigate the ability of ...

Quantum dots (QDs) are a new class of fluorescent labelling for biological and biomedical applications. In this study, the authors evaluated the sensitivity and stability of quantum-dots-based immunolabelling, in comparison with the conventional fluorescein-isothiocyanate-based immunolabelling (FITC), for detecting prostate-specific antigen (PSA) expression in human prostate cancer. The authors' data revealed ...

OBJECTIVES: This report investigated whether annual changes in body mass index (BMI) are associated with the opposite changes in prostate-specific antigen (PSA). Previous studies have confirmed lower PSA levels among men with higher BMI. METHODS: Normal linear mixed models were used to characterize annual PSA, BMI and the ratio of ...

BACKGROUND: Baseline prostate specific antigen (PSA) and PSA velocity used to stratify subsequent prostate cancer risk in young men may not directly applicable to all populations. We sought to compare the baseline PSA and PSA velocity among ethnic groups. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Chinese, African-American (AA), and Caucasian-American (CA) men aged ...

Total levels of circulating prostate-specific antigen (tPSA) are strongly associated with prostate cancer (PCa) risk and outcome but benign prostate disease is the most frequent cause of a moderately elevated PSA level. Free PSA (fPSA) forms are independently associated with PCa risk and contribute modest diagnostic enhancements above and beyond ...

Study Type - Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? The PCA3 assay has shown significant potential amongst the initial studies carried out in Western countries. This assay performed in line with previous studies. We have shown this marker to ...

Aberrant promoter methylation is known to silence tumor-suppressor genes in prostate cancer (PCa). We correlated quantitative promoter methylation levels of APC, TGFβ2 and RASSF1A in 219 radical prostatectomies diagnosed between 1998 and 2001 with clinicopathological follow-up data available including Gleason Pattern (GP), Gleason Score (GS) and pathological stage and explored ...

BACKGROUND: Total prostate-specific antigen (tPSA), ratio of free PSA (fPSA) to tPSA (%fPSA), and PSA density (PSAD) testing have a very low accuracy in the detection of prostate cancer (PCa). There is an urgent need for more accurate biomarkers. OBJECTIVE: To compare the diagnostic accuracy of PSA isoform p2PSA and ...

• To address the question of whether Maori and Pacific Islander men in Auckland present with more advanced prostate cancer at diagnosis than New Zealand European or European men. • A retrospective database audit was undertaken of all men presenting for a first prostate biopsy under the Auckland Hospital Urology Service in ...

Objectives- To identify predictors for repeat biopsies in Chinese men with increasing prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels or other risk factors for prostate cancer. Methods- The study included 129 patients who underwent transrectal sonography-guided repeat biopsies. Potential predictors, including age, body mass index, symptoms, digital rectal examination (DRE), total PSA, free ...

Objectives:  To assess the long-term outcomes of transrectal high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) for patients with localized prostate cancer. Methods:  From May 2003 to present, 137 consecutive patients with T1-2 prostate cancer were treated using the Sonablate 500 and then followed for more than 12 months after their last HIFU treatment. A ...

OBJECTIVE: Prostate cancer is reported to be more aggressive in Blacks. We studied the clinicopathologic features of prostate cancer in Ghana, in order to determine the factors responsible for them and to find out if there is any relationship between them. METHOD: Patients referred with a biopsy proven diagnosis of ...

OBJECTIVES: • To investigate whether cysteine-rich secretory protein 3 (CRISP-3) and/or β-microseminoprotein (β-MSP) expression in diagnostic prostate needle biopsies have predictive value for prostate cancer (PC) on radical prostatecomy (RP). • To evaluate their potential clinical implementation in a preoperative setting. PATIENTS AND METHODS: • In total, 174 participants from the European Randomized ...

BACKGROUND: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) is the best-known member of the kallikrein-related peptidase family, with an established role as a prostatic disease biomarker. Although it is produced at high levels by all stages of prostate cancer, it is uncertain if PSA plays a role in prostate cancer initiation and progression. ...

Study Type - Prognosis (retrospective cohort) Level of Evidence 2b OBJECTIVES: To assess the feasibility of radical prostatectomy (RP) in a series of patients with prostate cancer with very high prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels by comparing the clinical outcomes of different PSA thresholds (20.1-50 ng/mL, 50.1-100 ng/mL and >100 ng/mL, respectively). PATIENTS AND METHODS: ...

Objectives:  To examine the clinical utility of the prostate cancer gene 3 (PCA3) urine test in predicting prostate cancer in Japanese men undergoing prostate biopsy. Method:  The study group included 105 men who underwent extended prostate biopsy based on an elevated serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA). In all cases, the patients' ...

The aim of this study was to analyse the factors that predict the diagnosis of prostate cancer (PCa) after high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN). Data from 546 patients with HGPIN submitted up to a 6-month series of three rebiopsies, according to an institutional protocol, were reviewed. PCa has been found ...

We evaluated the role of free prostate specific antigen (f-PSA) serum level and its related parameters in detecting prostate cancer. This retrospective study was conducted between January 2006 and March 2008. Trans-rectal ultrasound guided prostate biopsy was performed for 107 patients who had total PSA (t-PSA) level of either >4 ...

This study was conducted to identify the predictive factors for prostate cancer in patients with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) levels equal to or less than 4 ng/ml. A retrospective study of medical records was conducted on 292 patients with initial serum PSA ≤4 ng/ml among 2,305 patients who underwent prostate biopsy ...

Sonoelastography (SEG) is a noninvasive ultrasound (US) method able to differentiate tissues according to their stiffness. Our objective was to establish whether transrectal (TR) SEG may improve prostate cancer detection, alone or associated with other US methods. We analyzed the data of 65 patients, mean age 68 years (49 - ...

BACKGROUND: To evaluate the association between metabolic syndrome (MS) and prostate cancer diagnosis and grade in patients undergoing prostate biopsy. METHODS: From 2009 onwards, a consecutive series of patients undergoing 12-core prostate biopsy for PSA value ≥4 ng/ml and/or positive digital rectal examination (DRE) were prospectively enrolled. Body mass index (BMI), ...

Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is limited in prostate cancer diagnosis due to its inaccuracy. A new approach which integrates the PSA test with miRNA profiling was investigated to improve prostate cancer diagnosis. Six prostate cancer-related miRNAs (miR-16, -21, -34c, -101, -125b, -141) were tested in five cultured prostate cell lines ...

OBJECTIVES: To find whether any particular method of measuring cancer extent on needle prostatic biopsies is superior to others in predicting pathological stage >T2 and biochemical recurrence following radical prostatectomy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was based on 168 extended biopsies and the correspondent step-sectioned surgical specimens. Tumor extent was ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the impact of prostate volume on prostate-specific antigen (PSA) outcomes after primary whole-gland cryoablation. METHODS: The prognostic value of prostate volume, PSA at diagnosis, Gleason score, risk category, and clinical stage for favorable initial postcryoablation PSA (<0.6 ng/mL) was assessed in a risk-stratified cohort from the Cryo ...

PURPOSE: The Roach formula [2/3 × prostate-specific antigen + (Gleason score - 6) × 10], derived in 1993 during the early prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening era, has been used to predict the risk of pelvic lymph node involvement in patients with prostate cancer. In the current era of widespread ...

Objective:We tested the potential role of abdominal visceral (VAT) and subcutaneous (SAT) adipose tissues, waist circumference (WC) and body mass index (BMI) as prognostic factors in patients with intermediate-risk prostate cancer (clinical stage T1b-2b, and Gleason Score (GS)=7 and prostate-specific antigen PSA level <15 ng ml(-1), or GS 6 and PSA between ...

Our aim is to present a summary of the 2010 version of the European Association of Urology (EAU) guidelines on the treatment of advanced, relapsing, and castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). The working panel performed a literature review of the new data emerging from 2007 to 2010. The guidelines were updated, ...

To investigate the association of body mass index (BMI) and BMI change with change in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level and to assess the possible roles of PSA hemodilution and prostate volume in explaining the obesity and PSA association. In 1990, a randomly selected cohort of Caucasian men, aged 40 to ...

Approximately one-third of patients who undergo radical prostatectomy for prostate cancer will develop a detectable prostate-specific antigen (PSA) level within 10 years. Biochemical recurrence of disease is defined as a rising PSA level in the absence of clinical or radiographic evidence of disease. Management of PSA recurrence is controversial, as ...

The aim of our study was to find out a new indicator with a higher specificity level than prostate prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in order to achieve a better selection of patients who will undergo prostate biopsy. Trans-rectal ultrasound-guided prostate biopsy was performed in 135 patients who had elevated PSA level ...

INTRODUCTION: NF-kB (p50/p65) is a transcription factor involved in TNF-α-induced cell death resistance by promoting several antiapoptotic genes. We intend to relate the expression of NF-kB (p50 and p65) with serum levels of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), both in normal males and in those with pathologic conditions of the prostate. MATERIALS ...

INTRODUCTION: Prostate specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) are the main tests for initial prostate investigation; there is no consensus about the best criterion for prostate biopsies. We aim to check the accuracy of different criteria in this context including PSA derivatives to detect prostate cancer. MATERIAL AND ...

Purpose: To assess the diagnostic value of an initial 24-sample transrectal ultrasound guided (TRUS) prostate biopsy protocol compared to the 10-core technique. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the prostate biopsy database of consecutive men undergoing prostate biopsies under local anesthesia by using the 10 (Group A) and 24 (Group ...

Due to the availability of serum prostate specific antigen (PSA) testing, the detection rate of insignificant prostate cancer (IPC) is increasing. To ensure better treatment decisions, we developed a nomogram to predict the probability of IPC. The study population consisted of 1,471 patients who were treated at multiple institutions by ...

PURPOSE: To investigate prostate-specific antigen density as a predictor for pathologic upstaging in patients initially thought to have unilateral prostate cancer. METHODS: We analyzed 438 patients with unilateral prostate cancer in prostate biopsy samples that were treated with radical prostatectomy. Bilateral or extracapsular growth in the final surgical specimens was ...

Objectives:  To date, no tool exists to predict pT0 at radical prostatectomy (RP) in patients with T1a-T1b prostate cancer (PCa) after surgery for benign prostatic hyperplasia (SxBPH). We aimed to fill this gap by developing a user-friendly flowchart to assist urologists when incidental PCa is diagnosed and a clinical decision ...

Study Type - Diagnostic (exploratory cohort) Level of Evidence 2b OBJECTIVE: To examine potential predictors of pathological outcomes for a single microfocal (≤3 mm) positive prostate cancer detected via contemporary biopsy scheme in patients presenting with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ≤10 ng/mL. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed the data of 119 patients who had ...

We developed and validated a novel Korean prostate cancer risk calculator (KPCRC) for predicting the probability of a positive initial prostate biopsy in a Korean population. Data were collected from 602 Koreans who underwent initial prostate biopsies due to an increased level of prostate-specific antigen (PSA), a palpable nodule upon ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the potential efficacy of the effects of neoadjuvant hormonal therapy on high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) in the treatment of localized prostate cancer. METHODS: One hundred seventy patients with localized prostate cancer underwent HIFU of the prostate, of which 114 patients, who met the study criteria, were included ...

The use of a prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test to screen for prostate cancer is controversial because of its modest predictive value and the potential overdiagnosis and over-treatment of the disease. A research article in this issue of Science Translational Medicine describes single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in or near six genes that ...

Measuring serum levels of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) is the most common screening method for prostate cancer. However, PSA levels are affected by a number of factors apart from neoplasia. Notably, around 40% of the variability of PSA levels in the general population is accounted for by inherited factors, suggesting ...

To determine the detection rate and clinical pattern of prostate cancer in Kuwait. One hundred and fifty-three males suspected of having prostate cancer based on elevation of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) of more than 4 ng/ml underwent transrectal-ultrasound (TRUS)-guided needle biopsy of the prostate between January 2003 and January 2008; these ...

OBJECTIVES: To validate the performance of percentage of free prostate-specific antigen (%fPSA) in men undergoing extended scheme biopsy. The current cutoff values for %fPSA were chosen using data from sextant biopsies, which have been known to miss a significant number of prostate cancer cases. Additionally, we sought to validate the ...

Aberrant protein glycosylation has been shown to be associated with disease progression and can be potentially useful as a biomarker if disease-specific glycosylation can be identified. However, high-throughput quantitative analysis of protein glycosylation derived from clinical specimens presents technical challenges due to the typically high complexity of biological samples. In ...

We addressed the question whether the change of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) in men who use 5α-reductase inhibitor (5-ARI) dutasteride is sensitive for the detection of aggressive prostate cancer (PCa). The case of a man using dutasteride diagnosed with Gleason 7 transition zone cancer at biopsy indicated by a rising ...

To develop a nomogram based on a cohort examined with 3-dimensional (3D) protocol for diagnosis of prostate cancer on repeat biopsy. Of 4074 consecutive men undergoing prostate biopsy at our institutions between 2000 and 2009, 775 men with at least 1 previous negative biopsy underwent repeat biopsy with a 3D ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the utility of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer after subcapsular prostatectomy. Data from 41 consecutive patients who underwent subcapsular prostatectomy at a single institution over a 15 year period were collected retrospectively. Patients were categorized into benign and malignant groups ...

In the Western world, endometrial carcinoma is the most common malignant tumour of the female genital tract and is the fourth most common cancer in women. Two different clinicopathological subtypes are recognised: the oestrogen-related (type I, endometrioid) and the non-oestrogen related (type II, non-endometrioid). This article reviews the epidemiology, risk ...

Molecular biology seems to bring more convincing markers for the detection of prostate cancer as well as the development of metastases than immunohistochemistry. The main goal of present work was to detect the expression of prostate specific antigen (PSA) and prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSM) genes in the micrometastases by the ...

To evaluate, in a prospective study, the diagnostic accuracy of PSA in patients with a prior negative prostate biopsy who were given finasteride for 6 months. 91 men with prior negative biopsy findings, including HGPIN and excluding ASAP, were instructed to take finasteride for 6 months. All patients were evaluated ...