Abstract This report presents three cases of urinary upper tract carcinomas producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF), with high blood leukocyte counts and poor prognoses. Case 1 was a 73-year-old man who underwent nephroureterectomy for left renal pelvic carcinoma. Pathologically, urothelial carcinoma (UC), high-grade, was observed, and immunohistochemical analysis showed positive ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the contribution of cytological analysis of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in the diagnostic work-up of breast cancer patients who present with neurological symptoms suspected for central nervous system (CNS) metastases. In the period 1989-2009, a total of 81 patients with breast cancer underwent ...

The number of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) in the peripheral blood of metastatic breast cancer patients is now an established prognostic marker [1, 2]. While the central nervous system is a common site of metastasis in breast cancer, the standard marker for disease progression in this setting is cerebrospinal fluid ...

Celiac disease (CD) has been established as being associated with several thyroid diseases. However, occurrence of thyroid epithelial cancer in celiac patients has been rarely described. We describe the prevalence of thyroid carcinoma detected in a cohort of Italian celiac patients, with the aim to carry out a prospective analysis ...

BACKGROUND.: It has been shown that occult thyroid carcinoma can be identified in about 10% of thyroid glands in autopsy. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of asymptomatic thyroid carcinoma in the Hong Kong Chinese population by ultrasonographic screening. METHODS.: Volunteer subjects without symptoms of thyroid ...

Lapatinib, a dual kinase inhibitor against epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) and human epidermal receptor two (HER2) has shown efficacy in treating HER2 positive breast cancer. Nanoparticle albumin bound (nab) paclitaxel was developed to reduce toxicities from paclitaxel and improve its efficacy. Thirty patients with stage I-III HER2 positive breast ...

Differentiated embryonic chondrocyte gene (DEC) 1 (BHLHE40/Stra13/Sharp2) and DEC2 (BHLHE41/Sharp1) are basic helix-loop-helix (bHLH) transcription factors that are associated with the regulation of apoptosis, cell proliferation and circadian rhythms, as well as malignancy in various cancers. However, the roles of DEC1 and DEC2 expression in breast cancer are poorly understood. In ...

Objective: To present a case of an insular variant of poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) and to review the literature related to diagnosis, natural history, and treatment of this unusual form of thyroid cancer.Methods: We present the clinical, laboratory, and pathologic findings of the study patient and review Englishlanguage literature ...

Pneumonitis is a rare but serious complication associated with paclitaxel and/or trastuzumab treatment. We report a 51-year-old female patient with locally advanced breast cancer who presented with shortness of breath, fever, dry cough and pulmonary infiltrates. She had been treated without complications for 10 weeks with paclitaxel (Taxol®) and trastuzumab ...

It has been suggested that breast cancer stem cells (CSCs), which characterized by CD44(+)CD24(-/low), may result in treatment failure in patients with breast cancer. It is possible therefore that that inhibiting such subpopulation might subsequently improve clinical outcome. In the present study, we found that the CD44(+)/CD24(-/low) CSCs, isolated from ...

Paclitaxel is used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. It induces disabling and potentially long-lasting sensory neuropathy. This study systematically and prospectively investigated sensory function, using clinical grading scales, quantitative sensory testing, and neurophysiological and nerve excitability studies in 28 patients with early-stage breast cancer. After administration of 529 ...

Paclitaxel is used in the adjuvant treatment of breast cancer. It induces disabling and potentially long-lasting sensory neuropathy. This study systematically and prospectively investigated sensory function, using clinical grading scales, quantitative sensory testing, and neurophysiological and nerve excitability studies in 28 patients with early-stage breast cancer. After administration of 529 ...

Elevated levels of D: -2-hydroxyglutarate (D: -2-HG) occur in gliomas and myeloid leukemias associated with mutations of IDH1 and IDH2. L: -2-Hydroxyglutaric aciduria, an inherited metabolic disorder, predisposes to brain tumors. Therefore, we asked whether sporadic cancers, without IDH1 or IDH2 hot-spot mutations, show elevated 2-hydroxyglutarate levels. We retrieved 15 ...

The presence of estrogen receptors (ERs) in both normal and neoplastic thyroid tissues has been demonstrated in numerous publications. Growth-stimulatory effects of estrogen on thyroid tissue have been postulated to account for the prevalence of thyroid cancers in premenopausal women. However, the role of ERs in mediating these effects is ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the activity and toxicity of epirubicin and cyclophosphamide followed by weekly paclitaxel with or without trastuzumab as primary systemic therapy in locally advanced breast cancer. Patients with T2-4 (>3 cm) or N1-3 breast cancer received epirubicin (100 mg/m(2)) and cyclophosphamide (600 mg/m(2)) ...

Thyroid-like follicular carcinoma of the kidney is an extremely rare variant of renal cell carcinoma. Most previously reported cases presented as incidental small tumors confined to the kidney. Here we report a unique case in which the patient presented with flank pain and hematuria. Imaging studies demonstrated a large tumor ...

Clinically diagnosed metastasis to the thyroid gland is exceptionally rare and may present diagnostic issues on fine needle aspiration. The most common primary sites of metastases to the thyroid are cancers of the lung, breast, skin (especially melanoma), colon, and kidney. Herein, we report a case of metastatic Merkel cell ...

Whereas thyroid nodules are less common among children than among adults, the anxiety generated by the finding of a thyroid nodule is high because 20% of nodules found in children contain thyroid cancer. Discovery of a nodule in the context of hyperthyroidism is usually comforting due to the presumption that ...

Introduction: Malignant metastases are rarely found in the thyroid gland, the incidence reaching approximately 2% of all thyroid malignant neoplasms. They are most often caused by tumours of the kidneys, lungs, mammary glands, ovary, and colon or by melanomas. The aim of the study was to evaluate the usefulness of ...

Introduction: Metastatic cancer is rarely found in the thyroid (only 2-3% of malignant tumours found in that gland); primary sources usually including breast, kidney, and lung tumours. Cases reports: Two cases of advanced breast cancer with thyroid metastases in female patients are presented. The similarities between these two cases included: ...

Introduction: A particularly challenging case of concurrent acromegaly and follicular thyroid carcinoma in a patient of the Clinic of Endocrinology, UJCM in Krakow is discussed. Case description: A 59-year-old male with post total thyroidectomy performed in 2005 and histopathologically confirmed metastases of the follicular thyroid carcinoma to the lungs was ...

Material and methods: A study of incidence rates of thyroid carcinoma was conducted in Olsztyn province from 1 January 1994 to 31 December 2003 within its former boundaries, in spite of Poland's new administrative division. The criteria for register entry were as follows: residence in Olsztyn province, newly-diagnosed case of ...

The cysteine peptidase cathepsin B is important in thyroid physiology by being involved in thyroid prohormone processing initiated in the follicular lumen and completed in endo-lysosomal compartments. However, cathepsin B has also been localized to the extrafollicular space and is therefore suggested to promote invasiveness and metastasis in thyroid carcinomas ...

The recent availability of molecular targeted therapies leads to reconsideration of the treatment strategy in patients with distant metastases from differentiated thyroid carcinoma who are resistant to radioiodine therapy, and in patients with metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma. In patients with progressive disease, treatment with kinase inhibitors should be offered, preferably ...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas are deadly tumors that are highly invasive, particularly into the bones. Although oncogenic Ras can transform thyroid cells into a severely malignant phenotype, thyroid carcinomas do not usually harbor ras gene mutations. Therefore, it is not known whether chronically active Ras contributes to thyroid carcinoma cell proliferation, ...

We report a case of treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma spread over the trachea with mediastinal extension. Case report and review of the world literature concerning the treatment of anaplastic thyroid carcinoma are presented. The role of surgery in treatment of anaplastic carcinoma remains controversial. Our case we underlined two ...

BACKGROUND: Metastatic carcinomas to the pituitary gland are uncommon, occurring in only 1% of the pituitary masses. They often originate from breast or lung carcinomas and may resemble a nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma both clinically and radiologically. Here we describe a patient with pituitary metastasis from follicular thyroid carcinoma and discuss ...

To describe a rare manifestation of parathyroid carcinoma in association with papillary thyroid carcinoma. We describe the clinical history, findings on physical examination, results of laboratory studies, imaging findings, and histopathologic features of a woman with 2 previously palpable thyroid nodules and mild hypercalcemia. A 79-year-old woman presented to our ...

Ectopic thyroid gland with no orthotopic thyroid tissue is extremely rare. The authors present a case of a follicular variant of papillary carcinoma developed from an ectopic thyroid gland with no orthotopic thyroid tissue.

Rat thyroid follicular cell carcinomas invading into the thyroid capsule are highly produced by promotion with sulfadimethoxine (SDM) in a rat two-stage thyroid carcinogenesis model. In this study, we investigated the participation of phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling pathway that is associated with malignant phenotypes of many cancers on the development ...

In different tumor entities, expression of the chemokine receptor 4 (CXCR4) has been linked to tumor dissemination and poor prognosis. The aim of this study was to examine the immunohistochemical expression of CXCR4 in thyroid carcinomas and thyroid benign lesions. Using monoclonal anti-CXCR4 antibody, we performed immunohistochemical staining on tissue ...

Our previous studies demonstrated that retinoic acid (RA)-induced reduction of both, the key glycolytic enzyme ENO1 and proliferation-promoting c-Myc, resulted in decreased vitality and invasiveness of the follicular thyroid carcinoma cell lines FTC-133 and FTC-238. By employing two-dimensional electrophoresis and mass spectrometry, we identified proteins affected by RA treatment. In ...

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a powerful tool for distinguishing cancerous tissue from normal one. Our aim in this study was to establish tissue discriminant analysis for thyroid malignancy and benign samples intraoperatively using FTIR spectroscopy. Seventeen papillary thyroid cancer and 43 nodular goiter tissues were obtained and underwent ...

Cutaneous metastasis from Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid is an extremely rare phenomenon. As far as we can determine, there has been only a single case documented. Our patient, a 68-year old man with a history of Hürthle cell carcinoma of the thyroid, had cutaneous nodules in the scrotum ...

The objective of this study was to describe the rare thyroid MALT lymphoma concomitant with papillary thyroid carcinoma in a male patient who was submitted to total thyroidectomy. Treatment and follow-up issues are addressed. Male patient complains of fast thyroid enlargement without lymphadenophaty and normal clinical exams. Total thyroidectomy was ...

A cohort of 1039 consecutive cases of thyroid carcinoma treated at a single institution and followed for an average of 11.9 years or until death included 102 encapsulated well-differentiated follicular-patterned tumors that had been diagnosed as carcinoma because of complete capsular invasion and/or papillary carcinoma-type nuclei. None of these cases ...

Anaplastic thyroid carcinomas (ATCs) arise from epithelial thyroid cells by mesenchymal de-/transdifferentiation and rapidly invade the adjacent tissue. Specific microRNA signatures were suggested to distinguish ATCs from normal thyroid tissue and other thyroid carcinomas of follicular origin. Whether distinct microRNA patterns correlate with de-/transdifferentiation and invasion of ATCs remained elusive. ...

The aims of this study is to evaluate the presence of estrogen receptors alpha (ERα) in thyroid lesions and to assess the practicality of this test in view of numerous disagreements on the subject. Immunohistochemical stains were performed for ERα, for the evaluation of immunoreactivity in 296 pathological thyroid tissue ...

BACKGROUND: Osteopontin (OPN) and its interacting partner CEA-cell adhesion molecule (CEACAM1) mediate similar biological functions and have been expressed in several types of cancer. Here we investigated the prognostic significance of OPN in thyroid tumours and correlated our findings with the expression of CEACAM1. MATERIALS AND METHODS: 297 human thyroid ...

Thyroid tissue in an ectopic location is rare, 1 in 100,000 to 300,000 persons, and usually in the lateral neck. Median ectopic thyroid tissue is even more unusual, with the vast majority of cases being lingual thyroid tissue. We present a case of carcinoma arising in median, nonlingual ectopic thyroid ...

To determine the frequency and profile of carcinoma in multi-nodular goiter and solitary thyroid nodule. Case series. Surgical Unit-I, Ward-3 of Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre, Karachi, from January 1999 to January 2009. Cases with solitary thyroid nodules and multi-nodular goiter were included. Patients under 12 years of age, cystic benign ...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies indicate a possible relationship between hypothyroidism and breast cancer in vivo. In addition, oestrogen-like effects of thyroid hormones on breast cancer cell growth are seen in vitro. Therefore, this study evaluated thyroid function in breast cancer patients, women with benign breast tumour and healthy controls. PATIENTS AND ...

Primary squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the thyroid gland is a rare diagnosis, since there is no squamous epithelium in the thyroid gland. SCC of the thyroid is highly aggressive with a poor prognosis. We present a case of primary SCC of the thyroid: this 88-year-old male patient had a ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical significance of ultrasonography (US) for screening for thyroid gland diseases when surveying the cervical lymph nodes to detect metastasis in subjects with oral squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). METHODS: The detection rates and characteristics of abnormal thyroid findings detected by ...

BACKGROUND: Recent studies have shown that elevated serum thyrotropin (thyroid-stimulating hormone [TSH]) concentrations are associated with an increased risk of differentiated thyroid cancers in patients with nodular goiter. Therefore, the measurement of TSH concentrations might support the clinical estimation of cancer risk, especially in patients with thyroid nodules that are ...

The risk of hypocalcemia after total thyroidectomy is well-described in the literature. Recalcitrant hypocalcemia after thyroidectomy in a lactating woman is uncommon and may require multiple strategies to correct. We present a case report of a lactating woman with papillary thyroid carcinoma requiring total thyroidectomy and neck dissections. Postoperatively the ...

The prevalence of concomitant thyroid carcinoma with Grave's disease has been reported to range from 0 to 10%. Many controversies exist in the literature regarding the diagnostic workup and management in these types of patients. We are reporting a case of a 31 year old woman who had Graves' disease, ...

Single or multiple thyroid metastases from extra-thyroid primary tumors are reported to be rare. Malignancies that metastasize to the thyroid include cancers originating from lung, breast and kidney. We report our experience with a case of thyroid metastases, which were detected 18 years after curative kidney surgery for renal cell ...

Poorly differentiated thyroid carcinoma (PDTC) was originally described in 1983 but included in the WHO classification of thyroid tumours in the 2004 edition, only. The diagnostic problems encountered in the 5 years of application of the WHO criteria are reviewed here. A long debate is still going on about the ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) on color duplex sonography (CDUS). METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed 115 nodules (104 patients) with PTC confirmed by pathology from February 1, 2005, to August 31, 2008. The size, border, calcification, echotexture, hemodynamics (peak systolic ...