Dendritic cell maturation is considered essential for starting an immune response. The CD83 antigen is an important marker of dendritic cell maturation. The objectives here were to analyze CD83 antigen expression in human breast fibroadenoma and breast tissue adjacent to the lesion and to identify clinical factors that might influence ...

OBJECTIVE: Patients with metastatic breast cancer usually accept several lines of chemotherapy. This retrospective study is to analyze the therapeutic effect and tolerance of weekly paclitaxel/gemcitabine combination on patients with metastatic breast cancer. METHODS: Paclitaxel 80 mg/m(2) and gemcitabine 800 mg/m(2) were administered sequentially on days 1, 8 and 15 ...

Two tetrahydroquinoline compounds, called DM8 and DM12, from a new series of the cis-2,4-diaryl-r-3-methyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinolines, were selected for cytotoxic effects studies on cellular lines of human breast cancer. The synergistic, additive and antagonistic effects in combination of these compounds with anticancer drugs, such as paclitaxel and gemcitabine, were studied. The isobolograms ...

Gemcitabine is a potent chemotherapeutic that exerts cytotoxic activity against several leukemias and a wide spectrum of carcinomas. A brief plasma half-life in part due to rapid deamination and chemotherapeutic-resistance frequently limit the utility of gemcitabine in clinical oncology. Selective 'targeted' delivery of gemcitabine represents a potential molecular strategy for ...

The uncertainty regarding prostate specific antigen (PSA) screening for prostate cancer has not been alleviated, despite recent randomised controlled trials and position statements released by authoritative bodies. This article summarises authoritative position statements by representative bodies in Australia and describes legal considerations for a general practitioner when deciding whether to ...

Early and personal diagnosis to breast a prostate cancer is crucial for optimizing treatments leading to long-term patient survival. Once cancer metastasizes from the breast or prostate to other tissues of the body, therapies are limited, and there is no cure for the diseases. Currently used screening modalities for breast ...

Although the digital rectal exam (DRE) is a common method of screening for prostate cancer and other abnormalities, the limits of ability to perform this hands-on exam are unknown. Perceptible limits are a function of the size, depth, and hardness of abnormalities within a given prostate stiffness. To better understand ...

An histopathologic screening method for prostate cancer assessment in organ donors is crucial because of the widening of the donor pool to older individuals. Evaluation of cancer grading with multiple biopsies is fundamental in the cases of abnormal prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values and suspect ultrasound findings. However, multiple biopsies may ...

Debate is ongoing about the treatment of organ-confined prostate cancer, particularly in men who have low-risk disease detected by PSA screening. A balance is needed between the harms and benefits of treatment. New techniques are being developed that aim to offer similar treatment effects to current radical therapies, while reducing ...

BACKGROUND: Prostate Cancer (PCa) is the second most frequent neoplasia in men worldwide. Previous reports suggest that the prevalence of PCa in Hispanic males is lower than in Africans (including communities with African ancestry) and Caucasians, but higher than in Asians. Despite these antecedents, there are few reports of open ...

BACKGROUND: Ongoing research on the best way to diagnose prostate cancer has yielded and will continue to yield vast amounts of information. Based on, for example, information from prostate cancer screening trials models have been made that enable urologists to predict which man has prostate cancer on the basis of ...

Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) provide a powerful approach to identify common, low-penetrance disease loci without prior knowledge of location or function. GWAS have been conducted in five of the commonest cancer types: breast, prostate, colorectal and lung, and melanoma, and have identified more than 20 novel disease loci, confirming that ...

BACKGROUND: Prior to introduction of the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test, the Seattle-Puget Sound and Connecticut Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) areas had similar prostate cancer mortality rates. Early in the PSA era (1987-1990), men in the Seattle area were screened and treated more intensively for prostate cancer than men ...

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting males in developed countries. It shows consistent evidence of familial aggregation, but the causes of this aggregation are mostly unknown. To identify common alleles associated with prostate cancer risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using blood DNA samples from 1,854 ...

BACKGROUND: Prostate cancer is the most common nonskin cancer in men in the United States, and prostate cancer screening has increased in recent years. In 2002, the U.S. Preventive Services Task Force concluded that evidence was insufficient to recommend for or against screening for prostate cancer with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) ...

Early detection is the key to effective treatment of prostate cancer, and to the prevention of deaths due to progression to untreatable advanced stage cancer. Because of mitigating factors, especially benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), that result in a low accuracy (about 60%) of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, there is an ...

Despite efforts at early detection with prostate specific antigen-based screening, more than 25,000 patients in the United States will die this year of metastatic prostate cancer. As a consequence both of screening and increased use of androgen deprivation therapy, patients commonly present with low volume, asymptomatic, metastatic disease. Over the ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reasons why patients reject digital rectal examination (DRE) when screening for prostate cancer. METHODS: Four hundred and fifty men were prospectively evaluated in a prostate cancer educational program consisting of lectures, PSA testing, and DRE. Patients rejecting DRE were compared with those accepting DRE in regard ...

CONTEXT: Despite the substantive societal impact of prostate cancer, the medical community is currently divided on the balance between benefit and harm of screening for prostate cancer using prostate-specific antigen (PSA). OBJECTIVE: To examine whether PSA-based screening for prostate cancer meets current guidelines on efficacy and effectiveness for screening, and ...

PURPOSE OF REVIEW: We created an inventory of current predictive tools available for prostate cancer. This review may serve as an initial step toward a comprehensive reference guide for physicians to locate published nomograms that apply to the clinical decision in question. Using MEDLINE a literature search was performed on ...

PURPOSE: Prostate sparing cystectomy provides an alternative therapeutic option in highly selected patients with invasive bladder cancer who wish to avoid the significant functional side effects of traditional surgery. Concern exists regarding the oncological safety of this technique especially with regard to the presence of prostatic urothelial cancer and incidental ...

BACKGROUND: The value of digital rectal examination (DRE) as a screening test for prostate cancer (PC) is controversial in the current prostate-specific antigen (PSA) era. OBJECTIVES: To determine (1) the additional value of a suspicious DRE for the detection of PC in men with an elevated PSA level in subsequent ...

PURPOSE: Several earlier studies have assessed survival in prostate cancer based on familial risk of this disease. As a novel concept, we posit that factors governing survival in prostate cancer are likely to be different from those governing risk of prostate cancer. To prove this, we searched for familial clustering ...

BACKGROUND: The value of prostate-specific antigen velocity (PSAV) in screening for prostate cancer (PCa) and especially for clinically significant PCa is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To assess the value of PSAV in screening for PCa. Specifically, the role of PSAV in lowering the number of unnecessary biopsies and reducing the detection rate ...

In this paper, we propose a new prostate detection method using multiresolution autocorrelation texture features and clinical features such as location and shape of tumor. With the proposed method, we can detect cancerous tissues efficiently with high specificity (about 90-95%)and high sensitivity (about 92-96%) by the measurement of the number ...

Prostate cancer is predominantly a disease of senior adults, i.e. those aged >70 years. With the increasing life expectancy worldwide, the burden of prostate cancer in senior adults is expected to increase. The management of senior adults with localized prostate cancer is not optimal. While most senior adults have indolent ...

BACKGROUND: Community pharmacist involvement in health communication could assist in ameliorating health disparities in a number of areas. One such area is the early detection of prostate cancer in patients. OBJECTIVES: The primary goal of this study was to explore the role of pharmacists as health educators and risk communicators ...

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer affecting males in developed countries. It shows consistent evidence of familial aggregation, but the causes of this aggregation are mostly unknown. To identify common alleles associated with prostate cancer risk, we conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) using blood DNA samples from 1,854 ...

CONTEXT: The European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC) section Rotterdam was initiated in 1993. Men who initially presented with prostate-specific antigen (PSA) values <3.0 ng/ml were not biopsied (with few exceptions). In the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial (PCPT) eligible men who initially presented with PSA values <3.0 ...

Accurate assessment of the causes of death is crucial for a conclusive evaluation of the ongoing prostate cancer screening trials. Here, we report the validity of the official causes of death as compared with an independent expert review in the Finnish prostate cancer screening trial. Because nearly 80,000 men were ...

BACKGROUND: There is no available evidence from randomized trials that early detection of prostate cancer improves health outcomes, but the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is commonly used to screen men for prostate cancer. OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study is to see if screening with PSA decreases mortality from prostate ...

BACKGROUND: Interacting with patients, researchers, and administrators, patient advocates have a unique vantage point. Yet, few prior studies have sought to understand these individuals or to seek their opinions on cancer issues. METHODS: A survey to address the foregoing was developed and mailed to advocates within the National Cancer Institute's ...

There continues to be controversy regarding serum Prostate-Specific Antigen (PSA) and prostate cancer screening. We anxiously await the results of two large prospective randomized clinical trials (Prostate, Lung, Colon, and Ovary-PCLO screening trial in the US and European Randomized Study of Screening for Prostate Cancer-ERSPC in Europe) assessing the benefits ...

INTRODUCTION: Older men are at increased risk for prostate cancer. As seniors turn to the Internet for cancer information, it is important that the resources they locate about lifestyle behaviors and screening are culturally appropriate and easy to understand. This study was a comprehensive analysis of prostate cancer risk as ...

Although prostate cancer (PC) has a significant mortality, there is debate regarding the utility of PC screening. This debate continues as major studies investigating the value of population-based screening have yet to be concluded. Despite this, there is increasing evidence from preliminary reports from these series, as well as numerous ...

Permanent interstitial brachytherapy with I-125 or Pd-103 seeds is a well-established approach as single modality for low-risk prostate cancer patients and as part of a multi-modality program for intermediate- and high-risk patients. There are multiple approaches that have been developed to deliver high-quality implants, including pre-planned and real-time intra-operative techniques. ...

OBJECTIVE: To list and critically review recent inaccurate statements made by advocates of prostate cancer screening in Australian news media. DESIGN: Accuracy audit of all news on prostate cancer broadcast on Sydney footprint free-to-air television stations between 2 May 2005 and 18 December 2006 (42 items), and published in print ...

OBJECTIVE: Despite a near universal absence of evidence-based policies supporting population screening for prostate cancer, the prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is aggressively promoted in the media as a life-saving form of screening. The objective of this study was to examine media coverage of prostate-cancer screening in Australia. DESIGN: Frame analysis ...

Tissue microarrays (TMAs) offer the potential to rapidly translate genomics and basic science research findings to practical clinical application. This is particularly true in the field of cancer biomarker research, where TMAs can be used for candidate biomarker validation and association with patient clinical, pathologic, and outcomes parameters. In this ...

Prostate cancer is one of the most prevalent malignancies for men world wide. However, only a small fraction of prostate cancer cases are metastasizing and life-threatening. Even though the detection rate of prostate cancer has been steadily increased in the last two decades due to implementation of PSA screening, it ...

The prevalence of both obesity and prostate cancer are increasing in the US. Recently, there has been keen interest in the relationship between obesity and the biology of cancers, including prostate cancer. This article reviews the current literature regarding body mass index (BMI) and its relationship with various clinical aspects ...

The polycomb group protein enhancer of zeste homolog 2 (EZH2) is linked to aggressive prostate cancer and could be an appropriate target in specific immunotherapy. In this study, we attempted to identify EZH2-derived peptides that have the potential to generate cancer-reactive cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) in human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-A2+ ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Colorectal cancer is the second leading cause of cancer-related death. Current clinical practice in colorectal cancer screening (fecal occult blood test, FOBT; colonoscopy) has contributed to a reduction of mortality. However, despite these screening programs, about 70% of carcinomas are detected at advanced tumor stages (UICC III/IV) ...

PURPOSE: Based on contemporary epidemiological and pathological characteristics of prostate cancer we explain the rationale for and concerns about focal therapy for low risk prostate cancer, review potential methods of delivery and propose study design parameters. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Articles regarding the epidemiology, diagnosis, imaging, treatment and pathology of localized ...

PURPOSE: Screening by digital rectal exam (DRE) has been advocated as a means of detecting early-stage prostate cancer. We sought to determine the adequacy of prostate palpation at DRE at colonoscopy, and to devise a method of improving adequacy when the gland is incompletely felt. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adequacy of ...

Professional organizations recommend that physicians discuss prostate cancer with patients to make individual screening decisions. However, few studies have tested strategies to encourage such discussions, particularly among high-risk populations. We examined the effects of two low-literacy interventions on the frequency of prostate cancer discussion and screening. Randomized, blinded, controlled trial ...

BACKGROUND: Although prostate cancer screening by measurement of serum prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and digital rectal examination (DRE) is common in clinical practice, the impact of such screening on prostate cancer-specific mortality remains uncertain. METHODS: Data from a population-based case-control study in King County, Washington, among men aged 50-64 years (706 ...

BACKGROUND: The use of PSA as a screening test has become increasingly prevalent in the general population and therefore also in the control arm of the European Randomized study of Screening for Prostate Cancer (ERSPC). We present a feasibility study and impact simulation of a secondary analysis, which imitates a ...

PURPOSE: A number of factors have been identified as being associated with the documented low accrual rate of minorities into cancer-related clinical trials in the USA. An important issue is the fundamental interest, or lack thereof, of these specific patient populations in actually considering study participation. METHODS: To examine this ...

OBJECTIVES: This population-based study provides comparisons of prostate cancer characteristics at diagnosis of two cohorts of men from two well-defined geographical areas exposed to different intensities of prostate cancer screening. Overall survival in both cohorts was compared with that in the general population. METHODS: A cohort of 822 men randomized ...