BACKGROUND: Cricoid cartilage pressure induced to prevent pulmonary aspiration from regurgitation of gastric contents has been recommended, and its efficacy requires a force greater than 40 Newtons. For regurgitation to occur, both an increase in gastric pressure and relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) are necessary. However, the effect ...

PURPOSE: To assess the effect of cricoid pressure on the positioning of and ventilation through the laryngeal mask airway (LMA). METHODS: In a double-blind, randomized design, the LMA was inserted with (CP[+] group, n = 20) or without double-handed cricoid pressure (CP[-] group, n = 20). Ventilation through the LMA ...

The Sellick maneuver or cricoid pressure is an effective means of preventing passive aspiration of gastric contents. Recent studies recommend a pressure of 20 newtons (N) when the patient is awake, increasing to 30-40 N with unconsciousness. This study was proposed to determine whether with education and practice, anesthesia providers ...

This study introduces a new rapid-processing procedure for curing polymethyl methacrylate denture base resin in an automatically controlled pressure cooker. The cooker filled with water was inflated with 6 kgf/cm2 air pressure and heated to 120 degrees C (248 degrees F) and maintained for 10 minutes. No significant differences were ...

A 49-year-old man reported several periods of acute paresis of different nerves after exposure to pressure. All palsies showed a good recovery over a period of days to months. The suspected diagnosis of a hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies was confirmed by the histology of a suralis nerve ...

We describe pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) analysis of 10 unrelated Italian families and seven isolated cases with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP). Our sample includes patients with different clinical features, varying from classical liability to pressure palsies to ingravescent polyneuropathy. The frequency and the uniformity in size ...

We studied 50 patients, in a blind, crossover study, to assess if cricoid pressure applied after placement of the laryngeal mask prevented gastric insufflation without affecting ventilation. After induction of anaesthesia and neuromuscular block, a laryngeal mask was inserted and confirmed to be placed correctly. The lungs were ventilated with ...

PURPOSE: Previous studies have shown a decrease of lower oesophageal sphincter (LOS) tone during stimulation of the upper oesophageal sphincter. Therefore, we hypothesized that during anaesthesia, cricoid pressure could result in a decrease in LOS pressure. METHODS: The LOS and oesophageal barrier pressures (BrP = LOSP minus gastric pressure) were ...

Forty adult patients had a gum elastic bougie passed blindly through a laryngeal mask on two occasions, after standard insertion, and after the application of cricoid pressure with manual in line stabilisation of the neck. After standard insertion the bougie entered the trachea on 11/40 occasions. With manual in line ...

One hundred and twenty patients were studied to compare the view of the larynx at laryngoscopy with one- or two-handed cricoid pressure applied. A blinded crossover technique was employed. When the grade of laryngeal view achieved with either type of cricoid pressure was compared using a 4-point scale there was ...

Urticarial dermographism and delayed pressure urticaria are two forms of physical urticaria which are well defined clinically and histologically. Previous studies have shown eosinophil granule protein deposition in urticarial reactions, including chronic urticaria, solar urticaria and delayed pressure urticaria. To evaluate and compare the involvement of granulated inflammatory cells in ...

Pressures produced during a final impression have been discussed from the standpoint of where they should be applied and where they should be reduced. Areas of the edentulous mouth requiring little pressure are: the palate, residual ridges, and areas of easily displaced gingiva. More pressure is needed in the border ...

Hereditary neuropathy with a liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) is an autosomal dominant disorder characterized by recurrent pressure palsies generally precipitated by minor trauma; weakness and paraesthesia usually improve and recover completely in a few months. By Southern blotting and fluorescent in situ hybridization analysis we confirm the presence of ...

We have studied 22 patients to examine whether or not cricoid pressure affects ventilation of the lungs via the laryngeal mask and its correct positioning. In a randomized, crossover design, the laryngeal mask was inserted with or without cricoid pressure applied with a standardized force of 30 N using a ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To assess the incidence of upper airway obstruction associated with the application of cricoid pressure (Sellick's maneuver) by experienced anesthetists. DESIGN: Randomized, blinded study. SETTING: Anesthetic rooms at John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, United Kingdom. PATIENTS: Fifty ASA I patients undergoing routine general anesthesia for elective surgery requiring tracheal ...

The subglottic regions of 54 human adult male and female larynges were studied with regard to anatomical aspects of postintubational stenosis. Fourteen specimens were impregnated with curable polymers and cut into 600-800 microns sections along different planes. Forty formalin-fixed hemilarynges were dissected. Measurements of the upper cricoid lamina and the ...

In order to clarify the basic histopathological effect of a denture prosthesis on the denture supporting tissues, a new experimental appliance was developed. The denture base was designed to make contact with palatal mucosa of the experimental animal without any mechanical pressure and transmit no occlusal force to the mucosa. ...

We have studied 40 patients to see if cricoid pressure affects the success rate of ventilation through, and the position of, the laryngeal mask and subsequent fiberscope-aided tracheal intubation. Adequate ventilation of the lungs was produced through the laryngeal mask in 19 of 20 patients in the control group, but ...

BACKGROUND: The incidence of delayed pressure urticaria (DPU) may have been underestimated, particularly in patients with widespread wheals of concurrent idiopathic urticaria, because of difficulty in recognizing the association between pressure-related swellings and the preceding physical stimulus. Diagnostic tests for DPU have not been done routinely in studies of urticaria ...

We have evaluated the effects of cricoid pressure on laryngeal mask airway (LMA) insertion after an elective rapid sequence induction in 100 patients allocated randomly to two groups. An attempt was made to insert the LMA after application of cricoid pressure in one group and with no pressure in the ...

To study how much pressure develops under a pressure garment, and how to obtain adequate effective pressure for scar treatment, we have used garments in combination with sponge and plastic plates in human volunteers. The pressures increased significantly when a sponge or sponge and plastic plate were used beneath the ...

Several companies currently market anti-burn-scar pressure garments to burn centers. Because of the numerous available choices, decisions about the reasons for selecting a garment are often confusing to those who are responsible for ordering the supports. This study was conducted to assist in decision making about garment selection by determining ...

BACKGROUND: The use of cricoid pressure for the possible prevention of regurgitation of gastric contents during induction of anesthesia in both adults and children has been recommended. However, equally important is the technique in possibly preventing insufflation of gas into the stomach. This study was designed to determine the efficacy ...

Several aircrew members of a Boeing 737 aircraft were referred to our department because they suffered from a barotrauma. The fast rate of pressure change during the descent of a Boeing 737 aircraft, as compared to the Boeing 747, DC-10 and Airbus 310 aircrafts, is most likely the cause of ...

In order to develop a more rational impression method, we examined the relationship between impression method and denture pressure supportability through the denture. Measured with denture bases prepared from impressions taken under various pressures, pressure supportability generally increased with increasing impression pressure. However, the pressure supportability of a denture base ...

Laryngotracheoplasty often includes bilateral lateral division of the cricoid cartilage, despite the theoretical risk that cartilage growth centers might be located in the lateral cricoid. To investigate the effect of lateral cricoid cartilage division on subsequent cartilage growth, 60 five-week-old New Zealand white rabbits were divided into four groups of ...

We have studied 42 female patients undergoing elective day-case surgery allocated randomly to two groups. After induction of anaesthesia an attempt was made to insert a laryngeal mask airway after application of cricoid pressure in one group or with no cricoid pressure in the other. The anaesthetist was unaware of ...

The laryngeal mask airway was inserted in 10 cadavers. At postmortem the chest was opened and an infusion set primed with a dilute barium solution was inserted into the oesophagus and ligated in place. A cricoid force of 43 N was then applied and the infusion set was positioned so ...

Social acceptance of patients with burns may be affected by the color of the pressure garment they wear. The purpose of this study was to ask students (n = 712), health care providers (n = 354), and the public (n = 250) their perceptions of beige versus color pressure garments. ...

The efficacy of cricoid pressure was studied in 10 adult cadavers. The oesophageal pressure that would result in regurgitation during measured values of cricoid pressure was determined. Oesophageal pressure, recorded by a 2 mm diameter oesophageal tube, was increased by oesophageal distension with saline, and incremental levels of cricoid force, ...

It is recommended that a cricoid pressure (force) of 40 N should be applied to prevent regurgitation. The tolerance of incremental levels of cricoid pressure was assessed in 22 conscious volunteers. Each level of cricoid pressure was applied for 20 s using a cricoid yoke. Only 14 volunteers could tolerate ...

A pressure pot has many applications in dentistry. This article describes a simple method of converting an everyday kitchen pressure cooker into one that can be used in dentistry. The technique is simple, and the components needed are readily available at a local hardware or department store. The advantage of ...

The effects of domestic processing methods like soaking for 12 h, dehulling, ordinary cooking of whole as well as dehulled seeds at 15 lbs/inch2 pressure for 15 and 25 min, and germination for 24, 36 and 48 h were observed on trypsin inhibitor (TIA) and tannin content of two varieties ...

Upper oesophageal sphincter pressure has been measured in 24 patients with a sleeve device. The median sphincter pressure when awake was 38 mmHg, and when anaesthetized and paralysed was 6 mmHg. After tracheal intubation, cricoid pressure was applied at measured values between 5 and 50 N using a hand-held cricoid ...

A routine culture of the internal surfaces of a laboratory pressure pot was performed. Candida albicans, Pseudomonas sp., and an unidentified gram-negative rod were isolated. Disposable plastic bags filled with water were used as a barrier to cross contamination during polymerization of repair acrylic resin in a pressure pot. No ...

An automatically pressurised infusor system, the Alton Dean infusor, has been compared with two types (cloth and plastic) of commonly used pneumatically pressurised bags. All the infusors had reasonably accurate pressure gauges but pressure could only be consistently maintained with the cloth infusors or with the Alton Dean infusors when ...

Unexpected difficulty with tracheal intubation contributes to anaesthetic mortality. The laryngeal mask can almost always be placed satisfactorily and its position should facilitate blind intubation. A 6-mm cuffed tube will pass through both adult sizes of the mask and this study tested the feasibility of intubation through the mask. The ...

Pudendal neuropathies are well recognised as part of more generalised peripheral neuropathies; however, focal abnormalities of the pudendal nerve due to cycling-related injuries have been infrequently reported. We describe two patients who developed pudendal neuropathies secondary to pressure effects on the perineum from racing-bicycle saddles. Both were male competitive athletes, ...

A preliminary report of the results of pressure therapy for hypertrophic scar, burn contracture and keloid is presented. Thirty four patients over a four year period were treated with four types of pressure therapy. Results showed over 50% improvement in 21 (61.8%) cases. This method obviated the need for repetitive ...

A prospective randomized study was undertaken to compare compliance efficacy and cost of the elastic nylon pressure garment (Jobst Institute, Inc., Toledo, Ohio) with the cotton elastic pressure garment (Tubigrip, SePro Healthcare Inc., Montgomeryville, Penn.). Of 110 patients enrolled, 54 received Jobst pressure garments and 56 received Tubigrip pressure garments. ...

Pressure cookers are being widely used for sterilizing equipment in small clinics and hospitals and under 'field conditions' in developing countries, especially in India. In the literature there is no report on testing of pressure cookers (PC) to determine if they sterilize adequately. The use of PC for a 15-min ...

The natural mechanisms of eruption, mesial migration, soft tissue pressure and occlusal forces can be used by the dentist to treat malocclusion in the growing child. The author describes how planned extractions of deciduous and permanent teeth can be employed to resolve crowding, promote spontaneous alignment, and avoid centreline displacement.

Repeated pressure tests at regular intervals were carried out on 48 patients with delayed pressure urticaria (DPU). Patients showed a considerable variation in response with periods of positive testing ranging from a few days to months or years. All the DPU patients had had chronic urticaria and/or angio-oedema although sometimes ...

Pressure garments are used extensively in the treatment of hypertrophic scarring following burn injuries. The Oxford Pressure Monitor was used to measure garment-scar interface pressure (mmHg) using a number of fabric types over various body parts. The results indicate a wide range of pressure values between different garments and body ...

Two families with hereditary neuropathy with liability to pressure palsies (HNPP) were evaluated clinically, electrophysiologically and pathologically (2 index cases). Familial patterns suggest autosomal dominant inheritance. The clinical presentation is characteristic, with recurrent painless transitory mononeuropathy, without evident triggering factors, or caused by trivial trauma or pressure. In affected members ...

We studied 44 patients with delayed pressure urticaria. The mean age at onset of the disease was 33 years (range, 5 to 63 years) and the mean duration of disease was 9 years (range, 1 to 40 years). After pressure stimulus, the mean onset of whealing occurred in 3 1/2 ...

The ability of cricoid pressure to prevent inflation of the stomach during mask ventilation of a patient was studied. Fifty patients were randomly allocated to either have or not have cricoid pressure applied during a three-minute period of standardised mask ventilation. Patients who had had cricoid pressure applied had less ...

An industrial relations system describes the basic values, laws, institutions, and organizational practices that govern employment relationships. To be effective, an industrial relations system must be well matched to its economic and social environment and able to meet the strategic needs of employers, the workforce, and the larger society. The ...

The acute and long-term effects of the anterior cricoid split on the subglottis of puppies intubated from 7 to 14 days are documented. The anterior cricoid split acutely increased the intralumenal cricoid surface area in puppies with intubation-induced airway injury. An intense inflammatory response with mucosal ulceration and granulation tissue ...

An investigation was carried out into the relationship between the inflation pressures of normally compliant lungs and the airways pressure necessary to produce the insufflation of gas to the stomach. This relationship was examined during manual ventilation with a mask, using a rapid sequence induction technique. In the absence of ...