STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare intraabdominal pressure and incision characteristics associated with insertion of a disposable pyramidal trocar-cannula system (T-CS) and the EndoTIP threaded cannula, a trocarless, reusable laparoscopic access device. DESIGN: Randomized trial (Canadian Task Force classification I). SUBJECTS: White swine. INTERVENTION: . Six insertions were created on the lower ...

Treatment of chronic wounds involves interventions ranging from dressings to surgery. Modalities gaining popularity in clinical settings include topical hyperbaric oxygen and electrical stimulation. A prospective, uncontrolled study was conducted to obtain preliminary observations and data about the effects of topical hyperbaric oxygen therapy and topical hyperbaric oxygen used with ...

Boxfishes (Teleostei: Ostraciidae) are rigid-body, multi-propulsor swimmers that exhibit unusually small amplitude recoil movements during rectilinear locomotion. Mechanisms producing the smooth swimming trajectories of these fishes are unknown, however. Therefore, we have studied the roles the bony carapaces of these fishes play in generating this dynamic stability. Features of the ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to determine the success of fasciotomy of lower limb compartments with elevated intra-compartment pressure. METHODS: The present report is a retrospective cohort study at No. 3 Combat Support Hospital involving a survey and case note review of patients who had undergone fasciotomy for ...

A 23-year-old male patient, who was stabbed in the left chest at the fourth intercostal space leaving a 4-cm wound, was in agonal state with blood pressure of 0/0 kPa when admitted. The patient underwent emergency room thoractomy on stretcher through the left fourth intercostal anterior lateral incision 16 min ...

This study is aimed to evaluate whether the application of pressure results in additional release of venom from naturally discharged, vinegar soaked nematocysts of the box jellyfish Chironex fleckeri. The results show that large quantities of venom are expressed with the application of pressures similar to that applied by compression ...

Matrix-type transdermal delivery systems of testosterone (TS) were formulated with three different pressure-sensitive adhesives (PSA). The effects of PSA, skin permeation enhancers, and solubilizers on the rat skin permeation rate of TS were systematically investigated. Without a solubilizer, the skin permeation rate of TS reached its maximum value when only ...

BACKGROUND: Patients with injuries that cause significant muscle death often develop rhabdomyolysis. The subsequent release and entry of myoglobin into the systemic circulation leads to myoglobinuria, renal injury, and potentially acute renal failure. METHODS: Large (5 kg) adult rabbits (n = 8) were anesthetized and a 15-kg weight placed on ...

Although there is a controversy about success and failure of autologous fat tissue transfers, it is a widely accepted method for soft tissue augmentation and is performed by many plastic surgeons as well as dermatologists all around the world. Its advantages are that it does not cause reactions, its absorption ...

This article reviews the role that hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) plays in the field of wound healing. HBOT, although not seen as a common method of wound management in the UK, can perhaps offer another avenue to managing recalcitrant wounds. In order for the healing of chronic wounds to progress, ...

This paper presents our experience of a new technique for the reattachment of tendons in the hand. A percutaneous Kirschner wire is fashioned into a hoop to support an intratendinous suture. This mechanism maintains continuous traction upon the avulsed tendon. The technique avoids extensive dissection of the fingertip and the ...

PURPOSE: We evaluated laser welding as an alternative method of forming the vesicourethral anastomosis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eight dogs underwent open total prostatectomy, including 4 in which the vesicourethral anastomosis was formed by 830 nm. diode laser welding using a chromophore doped albumin solder and 3 or 4 support sutures. ...

To define the efficacy and safety of maggot therapy, a cohort of 103 inpatients with 145 pressure ulcers was evaluated. Sixty-one ulcers in 50 patients received maggot therapy at some point during their monitored course; 84 ulcers in 70 patients did not. Debridement and wound healing could be quantified for ...

This study evaluated forearm compartment pressures in 29 children with supracondylar humerus fractures. Pressures were measured before and after reduction in the dorsal, superficial volar, and deep volar compartments at the proximal 1/6th and proximal 1/3rd forearm. Pressures in the deep volar compartment were significantly elevated compared with pressures in ...

Snakebite envenomation is an uncommon condition in the UK, but requires vigilance with regard to both the systemic effects of the venom and the locoregional impact on the soft tissues. We describe a case requiring delayed fasciotomies for closed compartment syndrome of the leg and thigh, and discuss in detail ...

Acute compartment syndrome has been described as a result of thigh contusion in several contact sports, and emergent fasciotomy has routinely been recommended. However, recent data suggest that thigh contusions in athletes presenting with isolated elevation of compartment pressures in the absence of neurovascular deficits may be treated expectantly. We ...

The use of bioengineered tissue and topical subatmospheric pressure therapy have both been widely accepted as adjunctive therapies for the treatment of noninfected, nonischemic diabetic foot wounds. This article describes a temporally overlapping method of care that includes a period of simultaneous application of bioengineered tissue (Apligraf, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corp, ...

AIM OF THE STUDY: Reliable and valid evaluation of hand strength is important for determining the effectivity of treatment strategies and it is accepted that grip and pinch strength provide an objective index for the functional integrity of upper extremity. This study was designed to evaluate the grip and pinch ...

PURPOSE: In this experiment, we studied the craniocerebral injury that occurs due to the transmission of forces when maxillofacial gunshot wounds are sustained by the facial bones and cranium. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Forty fresh pigs' heads were wounded by one of the following methods: steel spheres weighing 1.03 g at ...

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: While mechanical parameters (breaking strength, bursting pressure) are used to measure colonic anastomotic healing, reported values are inconsistent. This study developed a novel approach to study colonic anastomotic repair and compared it with mechanical methods. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We created standardized four- and eight-suture colonic anastomoses and ...

BACKGROUND: Acute compartment syndrome is both a limb- and life-threatening emergency that requires prompt treatment. To avoid a delay in diagnosis requires vigilance and, if necessary, intracompartmental pressure measurement. This review encompasses both limb and abdominal compartment syndrome, including aetiology, diagnosis, treatment and outcome. METHODS: A Pubmed and Cochrane database ...

BACKGROUND: proteolytic enzymes such as collagenase, fibrinolysin and deoxyribonuclease are used for debriding purulent or fibrinous pressure ulcers. OBJECTIVE: to test the hypothesis that collagenase debrides necrotic pressure ulcers more effectively than fibrinolysin/deoxyribonuclease. METHODS: we enrolled 135 elderly patients with pressure ulcers in a randomized, prospective double-blind trial. Patients were ...

Modern equipment allows injection of substances at much higher pressures than previously. We describe a high-pressure cement injection injury to the hand and how its management differs from other injection injuries. This injury was treated by the established standard for this surgical wound: immediate debridement. The wound had the same ...

To compare bursting strength, time of construction, and cost of a closed one-stage, stapled functional end-to-end jejunojejunostomy (FEE) with a stapled side-to-side jejunojejunostomy (STS). Experimental, randomized block design. Seven adult horses without gastrointestinal disease. The jejunum was isolated, and three FEE, three STS, and three control segments were created in ...

The use of negative pressure therapy has been reported previously in a variety of care settings, but not in spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients. These individuals are at greatly increased risk of pressure ulcer development because of many factors associated with their neurological deficit and the incidence of pressure ulcers is ...

To determine the effect of acetabular cup temperature and duration of cement pressurization on porosity of the acetabular cement mantel. In vitro study. Twenty-four polyurethane foam blocks prepared for acetabular prosthetic implantation were implanted with polyethylene acetabular cups using four combinations and variations of temperature and pressure: (1) high temperature/short-term ...

BACKGROUND: Phytophotodermatitis is a phototoxic reaction, occurring in skin exposed to sunlight after contact with plants containing furanocoumarins. Typical reactions are mild, showing erythema with post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. A 6-year-old boy presented with marked, symmetric, painful erythema and edema of both hands that rapidly developed into dramatic bullae covering the entire ...

Laparotomy closure relies on the incisional edges as anchor for the suture material. The results of these techniques are not satisfying, with failure rates of up to 20%. To investigate the effect of different conventional closure techniques and a novel "bridging technique" on abdominal wall perfusion an animal study was ...

BACKGROUND: This study examines the efficacy of a novel, absorbable photopolymerized hydrogel sealant, Focalseal (Focal Inc, Lexington, Mass), in protecting high-risk suture deficient intestinal anastomoses (HRA) compared with conventional sutured anastomoses (CSA). METHODS: Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were either randomized to small bowel HRA constructed with 4 interrupted 5/0 ...

Stage 4S neuroblastoma is an unusual malignancy that has an excellent prognosis, except in young infants. A 2-month-old with 4S neuroblastoma complicated by massive hepatomegaly, managed by abdominal decompression surgery and a negative-pressure dressing system is presented. Diffuse alveolar hemorrhage also developed, which was treated with high-dose corticosteroids.

BACKGROUND: Closed suction drains remain in widespread use in surgical practice. There have been reports of complications associated with their use. We sought to characterize the pressure-generating capacities of three commonly used closed suction drainage systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Three commonly used closed suction surgical drainage systems were studied: Davol ...

Previous analyses of fluids collected from chronic, nonhealing wounds found elevated levels of inflammatory cytokines, elevated levels of proteinases, and low levels of growth factor activity compared with fluids collected from acute, healing wounds. This led to the general hypothesis that chronic inflammation in acute wounds produces elevated levels of ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: An essential element in pressure ulcer management is the assessment of wound healing through measurement. The purpose of this study was to investigate the intraobserver and interobserver reliability of measuring pressure ulcers using instant full-scale photography combined with transparency tracings. SUBJECTS: 26 patients in 3 long-term-care facilities. ...

Achieving closure in a chronic wound requires provision of adequate oxygen delivery to the tissue, adequate protein and other nutritional factors, a moist environment, an appropriate inflammatory milieu, dèbridement, and correction of contributing medical diagnoses. In some patients, these conditions are achieved easily, whereas in others, greater effort is required. ...

The relative significance of mechanical penetration versus the action of substrate-degrading enzymes during solid tissue invasion has not been established for any fungal disease. Pythium insidiosum is an oomycete fungus (or stramenopile) that causes a rare, but potentially lethal infection in humans and other mammalian hosts. Experiments with miniature strain ...

The key difficulty of skin grafting is keeping the graft immobilized on uneven surfaces involved with motion, such as the nuchal area, axilla, web spaces, and the perineal area. This study reports the development of a new idea of negative pressure dressing (NPD) to maintain good immobilization of the skin ...

Adequate bone cement pressurization is critical in obtaining optimal femoral cement mantles during total hip arthroplasty. Pressurization can be generated during insertion of the femoral stem into the cement-filled canal. This may be clinically useful in augmenting conventional cement gun pressurization. Two factors, which were expected to influence the amount ...

We examined the effect of increased skin pressure from tight clothing on small bowel transit time by means of the breath hydrogen test, using milk that contained lactulose as an additional indigestible disaccharide, which is used as a test meal after overnight fasting. In this experiment, we measured the small ...

The use of subatmospheric pressure to promote wound healing has increased in popularity during the last several years. The original studies on granulation tissue formation used a 125-mmHg vacuum. The use of alternative sources of subatmospheric pressure has led to many questions regarding efficacy or risk. In this report a ...

Hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) therapy, that is the administration of 100% oxygen delivered under pressure, has a beneficial effect in several surgical conditions. Its use has been assessed and audited and its pharmacological effects demonstrated. It is appropriate for use in several surgical conditions as evidence-based therapy. These are: (i) gas ...

Our objective was to test the hypothesis that acute exposure of human skin vasculature to nicotine may have deleterious effects on endothelial function. Vasoconstriction and vasorelaxation in isolated perfused human skin flaps (approximately 8 x 18 cm) derived from dermolipectomy specimens were assessed by studying changes in skin perfusion pressure ...

This study examined the physical properties of six common brands of short-stretch compression bandages used to treat lymphedema. The physical properties examined were (a) maintenance of pressure over a 12-hr period, (b) variability of pressure across the width of the bandages, and (c) variability of pressure when the bandages were ...

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Proper wound healing of the alimentary tract is essential for the prevention of the significant mortality and morbidity associated with complications. The effects of omentectomy on the inflammatory phase of anastomotic healing in rats were examined. METHODOLOGY: Sixty male Wistar-Albino rats that weighed about 200-220 g were used in ...

A 49-year-old woman presented with an asymptomatic indurated linear plaque extending from the medial surface of the right thumb along the junction of the dorsal and palmar skin of the hand onto the lateral aspect of the index finger. The left hand showed a similar but less extensive plaque. A ...

Although no gold standard for preventing or treating pressure ulcers has been established, data from clinical trials indicate specific efforts are worthwhile. Preventive strategies include recognizing risk, decreasing the effects of pressure, assessing nutritional status, avoiding excessive bed rest, and preserving the integrity of the skin. Treatment principles include assessing ...

Wound irrigation to remove debris and lessen bacterial contamination is an essential component of open fracture care. However, considerable practice variation exists in the details of technique. Volume is an important factor; increased volume improves wound cleansing to a point, but the optimal volume is unknown. High-pressure flow has been ...

In medical imaging different techniques have been developed to gain information from inside a tissue. Optoacoustics is a method to generate tomography pictures of tissue using Q-switched laser pulses. Due to thermal and pressure confinement, a short light pulse generates a pressure distribution inside tissue, which mirrors absorbing structures and ...

BACKGROUND: Topical fluorouracil has proven efficacy in the treatment of actinic keratosis. The systemic absorption of various topical formulations of fluorouracil varies, however, and may be affected by the concentration and delivery system used. OBJECTIVE: This study compared the flux and percutaneous absorption of 3H-labeled fluorouracil from three 0.5% fluorouracil ...

This prospective clinical study sought to evaluate the possible effects of routine compartment pressure monitoring in tibial fractures and to assess the previously published criteria. Pressures in the anterior compartment were measured in consecutive cases of tibial fractures. In 95 patients, the protocol was completed with a follow-up after 1 ...

OBJECTIVE: An animal model has been developed to compare the effects of suture technique on the luminal dimensions and compliance of end-to-side vascular anastomoses. METHODS: Carotid and internal mammalian arteries (IMAs) were exposed in three pigs (90 kg). IMAs were sectioned distally to perform end-to-side anastomoses on carotid arteries. One ...