Indirect (cuff) and direct (intra-arterial) BPs were measured in 15 normotensive (mean age 79 years, range 72-88 years) and 21 hypertensive (mean age 76 years, range 65-89 years) elderly patients. Osler's test and arm arterial compliance, measured using Doppler-shifted ultrasound, were also assessed. In the normotensive, cuff systolic pressures were ...

We have compared arterial pressures measured by an indwelling radial cannula with those obtained non-invasively by the Finapres 2000 (Ohmeda) during spinal anaesthesia for lower segment Caesarean section. The digital outputs of both pressures were recorded using a computerized system. We studied 20 patients, yielding a total of 18,772 data ...

In this study we determine whether blood pressure readings using a cuff of fixed size systematically differed from readings made with a triple-bladder cuff (Tricuff) that automatically adjusts bladder width to arm circumference and assessed subsequent clinical and epidemiological effects. Blood pressure was measured with a standard cuff or a ...

Oscillometric measurements of arterial blood pressure were compared with direct measurements in anaesthetised dogs being monitored during routine surgery. Readings were obtained with tail cuffs and limb cuffs and the reproducibility (precision) of the readings from various cuff sites was also compared in conscious dogs. Tail cuffs gave the best ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to compare blood pressure (BP) measured by the sphygmooscillographic method with that measured by the direct and auscultatory methods. METHODS: In 15 adult patients undergoing cardiac surgery, blood pressure was measured by the sphygmooscillographic and direct methods simultaneously on the same upper extremity. ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the techniques for assessing the accuracy of digital sphygmomanometers. DESIGN: The necessary equipment and the recommended procedures for determining the accuracy of digital units by comparison with a mercury sphygmomanometer were reviewed. RESULTS: Evaluation of the accuracy of digital sphygmomanometers is a simple two-phase process: (1) comparison ...

Arterial blood pressure measurements (y) obtained from forefinger cuffs were compared with standard arm cuff readings (x) in 41 anaesthetised children and young adults. Mean (SD) differences between cuff measurements were -0.21 (9.15), -1.56 (10.2) and 1.23 (9.12) mmHg for the systolic, mean and diastolic pressures respectively. The correlation for ...

We combined a database of paired blood pressure measurements taken using the Hawksley random-zero sphygmonanometer and a standard mercury sphygmomanometer and a database of paired measurements made on a SpaceLabs 90202 ambulatory blood pressure recorder and standard sphygmomanometer to determine how the SpaceLabs 90202 would have fared if it had ...

Non-invasive oscillometric blood pressure and pulse measured by an Omron HEM-703CP monitor were compared with arterial values obtained from direct measurements of the radial artery. An excellent correlation and agreement was found between the two methods (systolic r = 0.99; diastolic r = 0.97; pulse r = 0.99), although there ...

This article reviews the current recommendations on equipment when blood pressure is measured by sphygmomanometer. The scientific rationale underlying the current recommendations for selection and maintenance of blood pressure measuring equipment is presented. The errors that can occur when the recommendations are not followed are quantified whenever the data are ...

First toe systolic blood pressures (FTSBP) before and after first toe cooling were measured with the laser Doppler method in 17 normal women and 10 female patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (PRP). The room temperature was maintained at 26 degrees C. There was no significant difference in toe-arm systolic blood ...

BACKGROUND: Arterial tonometry has been introduced for continuous noninvasive measurement of blood pressure. The accuracy of this method depends on the performance of two components: a piezoelectric crystal array and an oscillometric cuff. This study evaluates overall performance of arterial tonometry in terms of the performance of these two components ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare digital vascular responses to local finger cooling in 4 groups of subjects: patients with definite scleroderma (SD, systemic sclerosis) meeting ARA criteria (n = 16), patients with suspected early SD (n = 12), patients with primary Raynaud's phenomenon (RP) (n = 23) and a control group of ...

BACKGROUND: Cutaneous laser Doppler flowmetry enables monitoring of changes in skin perfusion by quantifying the phase shift of laser light induced by moving red blood cells under a fiberoptic probe. It thus can identify the presence of and response to a vasoconstrictive stimulus. However, aspects of the technique must be ...

Ankle-branchial pressure indices (ABPIs), measured by sphygmomanometer and Doppler probe, are an accepted index of chronic leg ischaemia. However, tibial artery sclerosis or calcification decreases compliance, producing falsely elevated cuff occlusion pressures. Arterial cannulation is invasive and impractical, but by elevating the foot and measuring the height at which the ...

OBJECTIVE: Sphygmomanometric recordings of blood pressure are a standard technique in clinical practice. We investigated whether arm-cuff inflation can induce short-term blood pressure changes ('cuff-inflation hypertension'), limiting the generalizability of recordings. METHODS: Progress in biomedical methodology makes it feasible to monitor blood pressure continuously and non-invasively at the finger artery ...

OBJECTIVE: Thermoregulatory vasoconstriction locally increases arterial wall tension and arteriolar resistance, thereby altering physical properties of the arteries. The arterial pressure waveform is an oscillatory phenomenon related to those physical characteristics; accordingly, we studied the effects of thermoregulatory vasomotion on central and distal arterial pressures, using three hydraulic coupling systems ...

An improved technique based on the electrical admittance cuff was designed for the non-invasive measurement of haematocrit (Hct), together with blood pressure (BP) and arterial elasticity represented as volume elastic modulus (Ev), in human fingers. This device is made of a rigid annular chamber installed with a surrounding thin-walled tube ...

We evaluated the performance of continuous non-invasive finger arterial pressure measurement using the volume-clamp technique (Finapres). This study was designed to compare finger arterial pressure with brachial blood pressure estimated by the auscultatory method in 217 children (90 boys and 127 girls) aged 4-16 years and in 38 adults (aged ...

This study was designed to investigate the effect of intermittent calf compression on popliteal arterial blood flow and to see how flow is influenced by position of the subject and by arterial blood pressure at the ankle. Volume flow in the popliteal artery of subjects in the sitting and prone ...

1. Doppler recordings were made from the brachial artery of healthy female subjects during a series of manoeuvres which altered the pressure-flow characteristics of the vessel. 2. Changes were induced in the peripheral circulation of the forearm by the application of heat or ice-packs. A sphygmomanometer cuff was used to ...

The accuracy and precision of the Finapres in recording rest and exercise blood pressure compared with the intra-arterial (aortic and branchial) and random-zero sphygmomanometer methods was assessed in 84 ischaemic patients in three different studies. Firstly, comparison at rest with the aortic intra-arterial pressure in 50 ischaemic patients demonstrated that ...

Systolic blood pressure measurement obtained with a pulse oximeter has been compared to values obtained by other indirect methods in man. Direct pressure measurement is subject to less error than indirect techniques. This study was designed to compare systolic pressure values obtained using a pulse oximeter, with values obtained by ...

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to quantify agreement and differences between blood pressure (BP) measurements by large cuffs (15 x 33 cm) and small cuffs (12 x 23 cm) in a representative sample of the U.S. population with varying arm circumferences. METHODS: The arm circumference and blood pressure ...

The measurement of blood pressure in epidemiological studies is difficult to standardize between centres in multi-centre studies and between repeat surveys over time. The use of standard mercury sphygmomanometers is common but especially prone to measurement error in terms of departure from the protocol and variation in measurement technique. Data ...

Laser-Doppler (LDF) skin perfusion pressure was measured and compared with Doppler ankle pressure measurements in 40 normal subjects and 20 patients with rest pain and ankle/foot Doppler pressure lower than 70 mmHg. Six different, commercially available LDF instruments were used. To obtain perfusion pressure a standard blood pressure cuff was ...

The random-zero sphygmomanometer is frequently used in epidemiologic and clinical research to increase the reliability and validity of blood pressure readings. However, recent reports have suggested that there is a correlation between the zero values of a random-zero sphygmomanometer and the zero-corrected blood pressure readings obtained. The design of the ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether the orally absorbable prostaglandin E1 analog misoprostol might be a suitable treatment for Raynaud's phenomenon (RP). METHODS: We tested the acute effect of a single 400 micrograms oral dose of misoprostol on digital hemodynamics. Eight patients with RP and 6 healthy volunteers were evaluated in a ...

Measurements of digital artery blood pressure made using an automated photoplethysmographic method (Finapres), in the middle finger of the left hands of nine male subjects, were compared with pressure measures in the right brachial artery using a method relying on the abolition of Karotkoff sounds during occlusion of the upper ...

This study was undertaken as an interdisciplinary effort in response to a frequently frustrating clinical problem of interpreting variable blood pressure measurements under uncertain conditions of quality control. The method is an application of the Shewhart Control Chart analysis to blood pressure measurement in adults in an academic nursing center. ...

There are three sources of error in the indirect measurement of blood pressure: (1) observer bias, (2) faulty equipment, and (3) failure to standardize the techniques of measurement. This article examines each area extensively, discusses the cumulative effect of these errors on the accuracy of indirect blood pressure measurement, and ...

OBJECTIVE: To test a prototype hydraulic, non-invasive, continuous finger blood pressure monitor based on the volume-clamp principle for procedure-related factors likely to influence precision. DESIGN: The influence of these factors was determined by repeatability of finger blood pressure measurement and the relationship to contralateral arm-cuff blood pressure. METHODS: Repeated blood ...

A recently developed ultrasound phase-locked echo-tracking system makes it possible to measure non-invasive pulsatile vessel diameter changes, and, in combination with blood-pressure measurement, to calculate pressure strain elastic modulus (Ep) and stiffness (beta). The reproducibility in measurements of pulsatile diameter changes with this system was evaluated. Also the precision of ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the applicability of the transtibial route, via a drilled hole in the tibia, for femoral to anterior tibial artery bypass surgery. DESIGN: in a pilot study of 10 patients the preoperative arm/ankle systolic blood pressure indices were compared with those after operation. Patients were followed for 2 ...

Fifty-eight patients, 31 women and 27 men, with a wide range of upper arm circumferences (20-43 cm), ages (16-82 years) and body mass indices (16-55 kg m-2) were studied. The direct blood pressure was measured in the brachial artery in one arm and simultaneously the indirect pressure was measured in ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of crossing the legs at the knee and the ankle on peripheral arterial pressures. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: A prospective study of 6 diabetic patients with known peripheral vascular disease and 5 nondiabetic control subjects without peripheral vascular disease was conducted. Peripheral arterial pressures were ...

This study was designed to determine which method of measuring the brachial systolic blood pressure is most accurate when determining the ankle/brachial index (ABI). The accuracy of the stethoscope diaphragm was compared with the accuracy of the stethoscope bell and Doppler methods in measuring the brachial systolic pressure. These pressures ...

All possible combinations of four measurements of blood pressure, blood flow and vascular diameter are examined by transmission-line theory. It is found that only nine measurement combinations can give the attenuation coefficient gamma, reflection coefficient R and characteristic impedance Z0 simultaneously. At least one pressure measurement must be included. Their ...

We examined the effect of temperature on digital arterial blood pressure obtained by continuous beat-to-beat non-invasive monitoring with a volume-clamp technique (Finapres). In 10 normal volunteers and 13 patients with symptoms of vasospasm, digital pressure and brachial artery pressure (cuff method) was simultaneously recorded in control conditions at room temperature, ...

BACKGROUND: Claudication patients who are candidates for exercise can frequently walk to maximal pain without experiencing exaggerated blood pressure and heart rate, as well as other clinical symptoms. However, these concomitant problems are more likely to become apparent as patients age. Consequently, this study compared the claudication and hemodynamic responses ...

Measurement of action potential duration is made more valuable if it can be made simultaneously with other variables, to which it may be related. We have developed a microcomputer-based system which allows measurement of action potential duration, both for transmembrane action potentials and for monophasic action potentials. The system allows ...

BACKGROUND: Indirect blood pressure measurement is the assessment tool used most frequently in epidemiological studies and hypertension management in the population at large. OBJECTIVE: To review indirect blood pressure measurement within the context of nursing practice. RESULTS: Nurses are not following recommended American Heart Association measurement guidelines. CONCLUSION: A national ...

Oscillometric blood pressures are derived from the amplitude envelope of oscillometric pulses generated in an occlusive cuff during cuff inflation or deflation; one factor which will affect the characteristics of these pulses is the size of the cuff bladder. Because limiting values are stipulated in recommendations and standards for bladder ...

Cardiovascular reactivity testing is a widely used measure of risk for hypertension and coronary heart disease. Evidence for the reliability of the measures, however, is weak. If the measures (usually change scores) are unreliable, the usefulness of testing is limited, since relationships with other measures, such as disease outcomes, may ...

Blood pressure measurements associated with malapplication of a finger cuff were compared with contemporaneous intra-arterial pressure data in seven volunteers to determine the influence of cuff application on the accuracy of the Finapres 2300e. Systolic readings in all cuff positions differed from arterial line data by more than the recommended ...

Mean arterial blood pressures were measured peripherally in the upper and lower positions of the right leg, right arm, and left arm by a neonate oscillometric blood pressure machine. They also were compared to the mean arterial pressures measured centrally by an umbilical artery catheter or radial arterial line. The ...

The authors measured the blood pressures of 36 subjects who had bare and sleeved arms to determine the effect of wearing sleeves on automatic oscillometric blood pressure measurements. They found no statistically significant effect of sleeves on the measurement of either systolic or diastolic blood pressure (p > 0.15). However, ...

The predictive value of distal blood pressure measurements for the level of amputation was studied prospectively in 161 consecutive diabetic patients with foot ulcers. The patients were treated as outpatients except for periods of surgery and when complications requiring hospital care occurred. All patients were treated pre- and postoperatively by ...

A validation study of the continuous noninvasive tonometric blood pressure monitor called JENTOW was performed in 20 normotensive subjects and 10 hypertensive patients. Tonometric and intra-arterial blood pressures were simultaneously recorded at supine rest and during a Valsalva maneuver and tilting test. The results of the strict evaluation of the ...

Farrowing disorders in the sow have detrimental consequences in pig farming and many points of the condition still remain obscure. It was suggested to investigate blood pressure since this might provide an early indication of farrowing disturbances. A first study involved 29 pregnant sows. Blood pressure was measured indirectly using ...