The pathogenesis and progression of cardiovascular diseases are thought to be exacerbated by stress. Basic research indicates that the Transcendental Meditation(®) technique produces acute and longitudinal reductions in sympathetic tone and stress reactivity. In adolescents at risk for hypertension, the technique has been found to reduce resting and ambulatory blood ...

We investigated factors affecting the accuracy of the oscillometric fixed-ratio blood pressure measurement method. We specifically applied a parametric sensitivity analysis to a mathematical model of oscillometry. We found that changes in arterial stiffness at zero transmural pressure and pulse pressure represent major factors that can potentially cause large error ...

This article examines social and environmental influences on the development of hypertension in a sample of 568 adults (290 men; 278 women) aged 20 years and older from Dakar, Senegal. We test the hypothesis that more recent immigrants to the city of Dakar will have lower blood pressure and lower ...

Alkaline pretreatment combined with high pressure homogenization (HPH) was applied to promote sewage sludge disintegration. For sewage sludge with a total solid content of 1.82%, sludge disintegration degree (DD(COD)) with combined treatment was higher than the sum of DD(COD) with single alkaline and single HPH treatment. NaOH dosage ⩽0.04mol/L, homogenization ...

Hypertension is a leading cause of cardiovascular disease and death worldwide. Advances in technology have added telemedicine as a tool for managing hypertension. The effectiveness of telemedicine depends on patients' ability to adhere to schedules of home monitoring and case management. Participants with uncontrolled hypertension in the intervention arm of ...

We use spherical cellular method combined with a self-consistent density functional approach (quasizone method) to calculate the band structure and bulk properties of atomic nitrogen at megabar pressures and densities 3.2÷3.6 g/cm(3). Thermodynamic functions and shock adiabat calculated by this method correspond to recent measurements, showing a sharp increase in ...

The present study was designed to evaluate inflammatory changes in collapsed lungs during one-lung ventilation using the assistance of a bronchoscopic microsampling probe. Serial albumin and interleukin (IL)-8 concentrations in epithelial lining fluid (ELF) were measured in seven patients undergoing resection of lung tumors. The samples were taken after induction ...

The objective of the study was to evaluate a device that supports professionals during neonatal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The device features a box that generates an audio-prompted rate guidance (feed forward) for inflations and compressions, and a transparent foil that is placed over the chest with marks for inter nipple ...

Lung protective ventilation in Acute Lung Injury (ALI) focuses on using low tidal volumes and adequate levels of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP). Identifying optimal pressure is difficult because pressure-volume (PV) relations differ regionally. Precise analysis demands local measurements of pressures and related alveolar morphologies. In a porcine model of surfactant ...

INTRODUCTION: Roller pumps are commonly used in surgeries involving extracorporeal circulation and its regulation may influence the hemolysis rate. OBJECTIVE: To describe an auxiliary device for adjusting roller pumps using the dynamic calibration method and show preliminary results of its application in surgical procedures.Method:The device was tested in the laboratory ...

Background: Mask leak is a frequent problem during manual ventilation. Our aim was to investigate the effect of predefined leaks on delivered peak inflation pressure (PIP), positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) and tidal volume (V(t)) when using different neonatal manual ventilation devices. Methods: A neonatal-lung model was ventilated at different respiratory ...

Recent data show an alarming increasing trend in obesity around the world. Mechanical ventilation in this population requires specific ventilatory settings due to the mechanical and inflammatory alterations observed in obesity. In this line, end-expiratory lung volume is decreased, leading to impairment in the mechanics of the respiratory system, lung ...

Background Hypertension is a cardiovascular disorder rapidly emerging as a major public health problem in developing countries and is the most widely recognized modifiable risk factor for cardiovascular diseases. Objective The objective of this study was to find out the prevalence and associated risk factors with hypertension among people aged ...

Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The importance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) in cardiovascular and renal diseases has long been recognized: for this reason the conventional therapies, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), β-blockers, and aldosterone antagonists represent the ...

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality and one of the causes of non compliance to treatment among medicated hypertensive subjects. Our objective was to assess the prevalence of OH among treated hypertensive patients and its association with clinical characteristics and antihypertensive drug class. This was ...

High sugar intake has been suggested to be related to hypertension. To examine the associations between intakes of sugar and sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and the prevalence of hypertension, we used the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2006. A total of 3,044 participants aged ≥19 years were included. ...

OBJECTIVE:: To investigate the effects of proportional assist ventilation, variable pressure support, and conventional pressure support ventilation on lung function and damage in experimental acute lung injury. DESIGN:: Randomized experimental study. SETTING:: University hospital research facility. SUBJECTS:: Twenty-four juvenile pigs. INTERVENTIONS:: Pigs were anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated. Acute lung ...

OBJECTIVES: Ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) is a common complication of lung transplantation (LTx). Hydrogen sulfide (H(2)S) is a novel agent previously shown to slow metabolism and scavenge reactive oxygen species, potentially mitigating IRI. We hypothesized that pretreatment with inhaled H(2)S would improve graft function in an ex vivo model of LTx. METHODS: ...

BACKGROUND: The objective of the present study was to explore the resuscitation effects of starch nanospheres solution on hemodynamics in rats with hemorrhagic shock. METHODS: A total of 20 Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 2 groups: resuscitation group 1 (infusion with Ringer's solution) and resuscitation group 2 (infusion with ...

The recording of esophageal pressure (Pes) in supine position as a substitute for pleural pressure is difficult and fraught with potential errors. Pes is affected by the: 1. elastance and weight of the lung, 2. elastance and weight of the rib cage, 3. weight of the mediastinal organs, 4. elastance ...

J Clin Hypertens (Greenwich). 2012; 14:588-592. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Blood pressure (BP) reductions when combining blockers of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) and β-blockers have generally not been shown to be greater than for individual agents, possibly because of overlapping mechanisms of action. The authors tested the additivity of ...

INTRODUCTION: Like hypertension, prehypertension is associated with cardiovascular disease. AIMS: The aim of this study was to evaluate: a) the prevalence of prehypertension/hypertension in individuals with various dyslipidemic phenotypes; b) the relation between blood pressure (BP) and other risk factors for atherosclerosis; c) atherogenic potential of prehypertension by the assessment ...

Abstract Mitochondrial DNA 5178 cytosine/adenine (Mt5178C/A) polymorphism is reported to be associated with longevity and to modify the effects of alcohol consumption or coffee consumption on the risk of hypertension in the Japanese population. The objective of this study was to investigate whether Mt5178C/A polymorphism modifies the effects of green ...

To find out the association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene polymorphism with hypertension subtypes in a population from India. Consecutive subjects of either sex, aged > or =18 years attending in temporary field clinics arranged in various localities of Assam and Mizoram were interviewed to record information about socio-demographic ...

This study aims at providing local reference values for blood pressure by height and determining distribution pattern of systolic and diastolic blood pressure in 6.5-11.5 elementary school children for the first time in Shiraz (Southern Iran). Height, systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured with standard ...

A chickpea protein isolate (CPI) was pretreated before hydrolysis under a pressure that varied between 100 and 600MPa. The hydrolysis rate increased significantly with pressure above 300MPa. At 40min, the DH of the control was 15.3%, while the DH of the CPI treated at 300MPa was 18.5%, which reached 23.74% ...

Purpose: To characterize patient's 4D lung ventilation and motion using 4DCT images aiming to extract pulmonary features for developing a biomechanical model to predict lung tumor motion. Methods: 4DCT images of sixteen patients were used for initial 4D-ventilation evaluation. A program was developed for visualization and quantification of 4D lung ...

Hypertension is a major risk factor for a wide range of cardiovascular diseases and is typically identified by measuring blood pressure (BP) at the brachial artery. Although such a measurement may accurately determine diastolic BP, systolic BP is not reflected accurately. Current noninvasive techniques for assessing central aortic BP require ...

(1) To study prevalence of hypertension. (2) To study association between various factors and hypertension in a rural community of Central India. A community based cross sectional study was carried out in rural community. 924 study subjects aged 30 years and above were selected using systematic random sampling of houses. ...

Hypertension is becoming a common health problem worldwide with increasing life expectancy and increasing prevalence of risk factors. Epidemiological data on hypertension in Ghana is necessary to guide policy and develop effective interventions. A review of population-based studies on hypertension in Ghana was conducted by a search of the PUBMED ...

The present study was undertaken to predict the persons prone to suffer from early onset of hypertension. Healthy sedentary volunteers (age 18-25 years) having normal blood pressure were asked about their history of familial hypertension, smoking-habit, alcohol consumption, existing worries/anxieties; these being the predisposing factors of hypertension. The blood pressure ...

Hypertension and Chronic kidney disease (CKD) are common in Nepal. Control of blood pressure (BP) in general hypertensive patients is poor. Evaluation of adequacy of BP control in CKD patients with hypertension is rare. All consecutive indoor patients (52) with CKD and hypertension, attending echo-lab of Nepal Medical College Teaching ...

There is increasing prevalence of hypertension worldwide. Hypertension is an important risk factor for cardiovascular disease and renal disease which are the leading cause of death in the world. It is, therefore, very important to prevent progression of hypertension into these fatal diseases through appropriate treatment and monitoring. Microalbuminuria and ...

OBJECTIVE:: To describe the resolution of regional atelectasis and the development of regional lung overdistension during a lung-recruitment protocol in children with acute lung injury. DESIGN:: Prospective interventional trial. SETTING:: Pediatric intensive care unit. PATIENTS:: Ten children with early (<72 hrs) acute lung injury. INTERVENTIONS:: Sustained inflation maneuver (positive airway ...

OBJECTIVE:: To determine the accuracy of measures of respiratory mechanics derived from neonatal ventilators using an in vitro passive physical lung model to simulate newborn pulmonary conditions. DESIGN:: Test lung models. SETTING:: Laboratory-based measurements. INTERVENTIONS:: Three test lungs were constructed to simulate three severities of neonatal lung disease, with ranges ...

To assess associated factors of uncontrolled blood pressure and complications of hypertension in hypertensive rural Thai populations. A cross-sectional study was conducted in hypertensive rural Thai people aged > or =35 years-old in Baan Nayao, Chachoengsao Province, Thailand. Blood pressure (BP) was measured and questionnaires were answered. After 12-hr fasting, ...

: To evaluate whether device-guided breathing (DGB) lowers blood pressure (BP) in adults. : Systematic review and meta-analysis. : We searched Medline (1950-2010), Embase (1980-2010), the Cochrane Library including the Cochrane Central register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), AMED (1985-2010), CINAHL (1980-2010) and the Current Controlled Trials registry (as of October ...

Purpose: It has been suggested that genetic backgrounds, which have an association with essential hypertension, may also determine the responsiveness to ACE inhibitor. We determined the association of angiotensinogen (M235T) gene polymorphism with essential hypertension and the relationship between polymorphism in the angiotensinogen (M235T) gene and blood pressure response to ...

A multipronged approach to improve vital organ perfusion during cardiopulmonary resuscitation that includes sodium nitroprusside, active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation, an impedance threshold device, and abdominal pressure (sodium nitroprusside-enhanced cardiopulmonary resuscitation) has been recently shown to increase coronary and cerebral perfusion pressures and higher rates of return of spontaneous circulation vs. ...

Postmortem imaging has gained prominence in the field of forensic pathology. Even with experience in this procedure, difficulties arise in evaluating pathologies of the postmortem lung. The effect of postmortem ventilation with applied pressures of 10, 20, 30 and 40mbar was evaluated in 10 corpses using simultaneous postmortem computed tomography ...

OBJECTIVE:: Generation of negative intrathoracic pressure during the decompression phase of cardiopulmonary resuscitation enhances the refilling of the heart. We tested the hypothesis that when compared with closed-chest manual compressions at 80 chest compressions per min, treatment with active compression-decompression cardiopulmonary resuscitation at 80 chest compressions/min combined with augmentation of ...

: The aim of this study was to investigate systemic changes that can occur in critically ill patients shortly after flexible bronchoscopy and to determine plasma cytokine levels during this period as an expression of a systemic inflammatory response. : A prospective and observational study was performed in a 17-bed ...

OBJECTIVE: Ex vivo perfused and ventilated lung lobes frequently develop pulmonary edema. We were looking for a suitable and early detectable biomarker in the perfusion fluid indicating lung cell damage and loss of tissue integrity in ventilated human lung lobes. Therefore, we elucidated whether surfactant protein A (SP-A) and angiotensin-converting ...

Fluid resuscitation is a cornerstone in the treatment of severe sepsis and septic shock. However, there is little evidence to guide clinicians in its administration. Current guidelines recommend targeting fluid therapy based on measurements of cardiac filling pressures, such as central venous pressure. Static pressures are poor predictors of a ...

Regular blood pressure (BP) monitoring is a cost-effective means of early identification and management of hypertensive disease in pregnancy. In much of rural sub-Saharan Africa, the ability to take and act on accurate BP measurements is lacking as a result of poorly functioning or absent equipment and/or inadequate staff education. ...

Separating pressure, flow/velocity and wave intensity signals into forward and backward components provide insights about arterial wave propagation and reflection. A linear wave separation is normally used, but ignores the pressure-dependence of wave speed. While a non-linear separation could incorporate this pressure-dependence, no such method exists for wave intensity decomposition. ...

Two cases of nasal skin necrosis secondary to pressure from the use of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) face masks are presented. Both developed skin necrosis as a result of wearing these masks over the nasal bridge. These cases highlight the need for clinical vigilance in application of CPAP masks, ...

OBJECTIVE:: The acute respiratory distress syndrome may complicate postpartum hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation, but its mechanisms are not yet well defined. We studied the lung inflammatory response to postpartum hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation in a rabbit model and the role of the nuclear factor-κB pathway. DESIGN:: Randomized, controlled, prospective study. ...

A meta-analysis of possible antihypertensive effects of small doses of bioactive tripeptides isoleucine-proline-proline and valine-proline-proline in commercial milk products or tablets was carried out. A random effects model was used on 19 randomized, placebo-controlled clinical intervention trials (published 1996-October 2010) consisting of about 1500 prehypertensive or mildly hypertensive subjects.The overall ...

Background: Hypertension is an important worldwide public-health challenge because of its high frequency and concomitant risks of cardiovascular and kidney disease. Previous studies have documented that hypertension may begin in adolescence, perhaps even in childhood. Objectives: This study set out to determine the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension in adolescence ...