Although left- or right-sided pneumonectomy is tolerated by normal dogs, complications impacting the respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems are not uncommon. Pneumonectomy in dogs results in secondary changes in the remaining lung, which include: decreased compliance and vital capacity; and increased pulmonary vascular resistance potentially leading to right ventricular hypertrophy. ...

CONTEXT: Practice varies regarding the use of opioids during rapid sequence induction. Controversy exists as to whether opioids may increase the risk of pulmonary aspiration by decreasing the barrier pressure (lower oesophageal sphincter-intragastric pressure). OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effects of adding alfentanil during anaesthesia induction with propofol with respect to ...

We compared hemodynamic responses and upper airway morbidity following tracheal intubation via conventional laryngoscopy or intubating laryngeal mask airway in hypertensive patients. Forty-two hypertensive patients received a conventional laryngoscopy or were intubated with a intubating laryngeal mask airway. Anesthesia was induced with propofol, fentanyl, and cis-atracurium. Measurements of systolic and ...

To compare hemodynamic responses, P wave dispersion (Pd), and QT dispersion (QTd) after placement of a classic endotracheal tube (ETT), double-lumen tube (DLT), or Laryngeal Mask Airway (LMA). Prospective study. Outpatient surgery center. 75 adult, ASA physical status 1 and 2 patients undergoing cystoscopy and thoracoscopic surgery. Patients were randomized ...

BACKGROUND: Subarachnoid block is the preferred method of anaesthesia for caesarean section, but is associated with hypotension and bradycardia, which may be deleterious to both parturient and baby. Animal studies suggest that in the presence of decreased blood volume, 5-HT may be an important factor inducing the Bezold Jarisch reflex ...

A better understanding of pathophysiologic changes associated to trauma and hemorrhagic shock can help the development of therapies capable of reducing trauma-related mortality. The objective of this study was to describe a model of non-controlled hemorrhagic shock in pigs. Animals received ketamine and midazolam as pre-anesthetic medications. Anesthesia was induced ...

Spinal anesthesia causes hypotension and bradycardia due to sympathetic nerve block and it is difficult to predict the level of sensory block and the duration of blockade. Recent studies have reported that intravenous phenylephrine can reduce the rostral spread of spinal anesthesia in pregnant women. We think a phenylephrine infusion ...

Background: Monitoring hypnotic depth is used to prevent awareness during general anesthesia. We used the A-line ARX index (AAI) to assess the effect of shortterm inhalation of sevoflurane in the prevention of intubation-induced inadequate hypnotic depth during anesthetic induction. Methods: Thirty patients were randomly divided into the sevoflurane and non-sevoflurane ...

Drug combinations can be used for optimum obtundation of the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation. The objective of this trial was to compare the hemodynamic response to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation after administration of 2 μg/kg fentanyl bolus or a placebo with 2% end tidal sevoflurane at induction of anesthesia. ...

To compare the efficacy of maxillary infiltration anesthesia with 0.5% plain ropivacaine or 2% lidocaine with epinephrine 1:100,000. 60 volunteers received 1.8 ml of the anesthetic for infiltration anesthesia of maxillary central and lateral incisors and canine teeth. The onset time and duration of pulp anesthesia were assessed with an ...

Inhalational anesthetics potentiate nondepolarizing muscle relaxants. Cisatracurium is a recently introduced neuromuscular blocker in Korea. We studied the effect of inhalational anesthesia and total intravenous anesthesia (TIVA) on neuromuscular blockades and hemodynamic responses by cisatracurium bolus injection. Forty patients undergoing elective surgery were randomly divided into isoflurane and propofol-remifentanil groups. ...

BACKGROUND: /st>The forces applied to the soft tissues of the upper airway may have a deleterious effect. This study was designed to evaluate the performance of the GlideScope compared with the Macintosh laryngoscope. METHODS: /st>Twenty anaesthetists and 20 trainees attempted tracheal intubation of a Laerdal SimMan manikin. Forces and pressure ...

The finger photoplethysmogram (PTG) is a non-invasive method for pulse-wave analysis. The second derivative wave of the PTG (SDPTG) enables evaluation of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular aging. Responses of SDPTG indices and hemodynamic parameters to anesthesia induction are unknown. A total of 42 patients aged 40 years, who may have had ...

The pressure in the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) is partly dependent on striated muscles derived from the crural portion of the diaphragm. The effect of neuromuscular blockade on the integrity of the esophagogastric junction is not well studied. We conducted a prospective interventional study to determine the effect of rocuronium ...

A 68-year-old woman was referred for glaucoma management after inadvertent corneal perforation during eyelid anesthesia for upper eyelid blepharoplasty. A mixture of 50:50 2% lidocaine with 1:100,000 epinephrine and 0.5% bupivacaine buffered with sodium bicarbonate was injected intracamerally. Decreased vision and uncontrollable intraocular pressure resulted, despite prompt anterior chamber washout. ...

OBJECTIVE: The authors sought to provide a snapshot of contemporary thoracic anesthetic practice in the United Kingdom and Ireland. DESIGN: An online survey. SETTING: United Kingdom. PARTICIPANTS: An invitation to participate was e-mailed to all members of the Association of Cardiothoracic Anaesthetists. INTERVENTION: None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS: A total ...

We performed a prospective, open-label, randomised controlled trial comparing the air-Q(®) against the LMA-ProSeal™ in adults undergoing general anaesthesia. One hundred subjects (American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status 1-3) presenting for elective, outpatient surgery were randomly assigned to 52 air-Q(®) and 48 ProSeal devices. The primary study endpoint was airway ...

Objectives:  It is hypothesized that in children with glaucoma, the insertion of laryngeal mask airway (LMA) will cause lesser rise in intraocular pressure (IOP) than tracheal tube (TT). Aim:  To compare the IOP response to LMA and TT insertion in children with glaucoma. Methods/Materials:  A prospective, randomized, single-blind study was ...

The administration of opioids during induction of general anesthesia is a matter of challenge in obstetric anesthesia. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of intravenous fentanyl before induction of general anesthesia on the"1st and 5th minutes' Apgar scores" in neonates with elective cesarean surgery. In a ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of 0.5 fraction of inspired oxygen (FiO2) and > 0.95 FiO2 on pulmonary gas exchange, shunt fraction and oxygen delivery (DO2) in dorsally recumbent horses during inhalant anesthesia. The use of 0.5 FiO2 has the potential to reduce ...

Breathing difficulty and respiratory distress is the most common cause of admission to the Pediatric Emergency. Respiratory distress presents as altered breathing pattern, forced breathing efforts or obstructed breathing, and chest indrawing; respiratory failure is defined as paCO(2) >50 mmHg (inadequate ventilation) and/or a paO(2) < 60mmHg (inadequate oxygenation). Rapid assessment is aimed ...

It is well known that suspension laryngoscopy (SL) produces marked hemodynamic changes. Coughing during extubation sometimes causes adverse clinical problems. We investigated whether 10% lidocaine spray could attenuate hemodynamic stress responses due to SL and reduce coughing incidence during extubation. Sixty patients undergoing SL were randomly divided into two groups ...

The objective of this study was to determine whether a plane of urethane-α-chloralose anaesthesia that suppresses motor reflexes would affect baroreflex cardiovascular control relative to a plane of anaesthesia that leaves motor reflexes intact. Adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetized to either a light (motor reflexes intact) or deep (motor ...

Objective-To evaluate the ability of industrial polystyrene foam insulation pads to redistribute loads placed on clinically normal weight-bearing structures of the foot and shift the location of the center of pressure palmarly in horses. Animals-25 nonlame mature horses. Procedures-Both forefeet from each horse were evaluated. Center of pressure data and ...

A 42-year-old multigravida with severe pre-eclampsia had an emergency caesarean section under spinal anaesthesia. Peri-operatively, her arterial pressure was controlled with oral methyldopa and an intravenous infusion of labetalol. Postoperatively, in the Intensive Care Unit, she had recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia which required treatment with intravenous glucose. These episodes resolved ...

Background: In investigational medicinal products testing centers (IMP), reliable methods for monitoring early signs of cardiotoxicity of a potential new drug in healthy volunteers are essential. This study examines what levels of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) variance can be achieved with two-dimensional echocardiography (2DE) in a core laboratory versus ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Ankle-brachial index (ABI) is currently recommended for the screening of peripheral arterial disease. However, this method becomes less reliable in the presence of calcified, incompressible arteries, as they result in an erroneously elevated ABI, and an additional measure termed the toe-brachial index (TBI) is recommended. The evaluation ...

An in-depth study on the acetylation of starch with acetic anhydride (Ac(2)O) and sodium acetate (NaOAc) as the catalyst in pressurized carbon dioxide (scCO(2)) in a broad pressure range (8-25MPa) and a temperature of 90°C is provided. Highest degrees of substitution (DS) of 0.29 (1h reaction time) and 0.62 (24h ...

Shear strength characterization of MSW materials is a mandatory task when performing analyses related to landfill design and landfill geometry improvements. Despite the considerable amount of research focusing on MSW mechanical behavior there remain certain aspects which are not completely understood and deserve attention in particular the case of the ...

To compare intubating conditions and hemodynamic changes between Bonfils Intubation Fiberscope and Macintosh laryngoscopy without administering neuromuscular blocking drugs (NMBDs). METHODS: In this randomized controlled trial,80 male and female patients, scheduled for elective surgery, aged 15 to 60 years, ASA class II or I, non-obese, non smokers, without anticipated difficult ...

This study examined whether combining lipid emulsion and advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) improves survival in an unanesthetized swine model of bupivacaine- and hypoxia-induced cardiovascular collapse. Arterial and venous catheters and a tracheostomy were surgically placed in 26 swine receiving inhalation anesthesia. After a 1-hour recovery period, bupivacaine (5 mg/kg) ...

We evaluated two new Welch Allyn automated blood pressure (BP) algorithms. The first, SureBP, estimates BP during cuff inflation; the second, StepBP, does so during deflation. We followed the American National Standards Institute/Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation SP10:2006 standard for testing and data analysis. The data were also ...

Under pressure, people often prefer what is familiar, which can seem safer than the unfamiliar. We show that such favoring of familiarity can lead to choices precisely contrary to the source of felt pressure, thus exacerbating, rather than mitigating, its negative consequences. In Experiment 1, time pressure increased participants' frequency ...

PURPOSE: Despite routine use, clinical tests used to diagnose subacromial impingement often display poor diagnostic accuracy. A lack of anatomical validity may contribute to the poor diagnostic accuracy. The current study aimed to examine the anatomical validity of measuring subacromial pressure in the Hawkins-Kennedy impingement test in a cadaveric shoulder. ...

We carried out this study to compare the efficacy of oral gabapentin and clonidine premedication for controlling the pressor responses to laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. In this double-blind clinical trial, ninety-six patients were randomly allocated to one of three groups according to the agents to be used before the induction ...

PURPOSE: To evaluate the in vivo accuracy of the new Pressio(®) device for intraparenchymal monitoring of intracranial pressure (ICP) versus the Codman(®) device and intraventricular measurement external ventricular drainage (EVD). METHODS: Data were collected retrospectively for 30 consecutive patients admitted into a 25-bed neurosurgical intensive care unit of a university ...

OBJECTIVE:: To elucidate the usefulness of clinical orthostatic blood pressure testing (COBP) as a screening tool for autonomic dysfunction. STUDY DESIGN:: In this retrospective case review, the records of 156 consecutive patients with nonotologic dizziness as the primary complaint seen in an academic neurotology clinic between 2005 and 2009 were ...

To determine the accuracy of the large-extra large-sized (L-XL) cuff (32-52 cm) coupled to a Microlife WatchBP Office ABI blood pressure measuring device tested according to the requirements of the International Protocol of the European Society of Hypertension. The L-XL cuff tested in this study is designed to provide accurate ...

BACKGROUND: Ballet movements require a limited base of support; thus, ballet dancers require a high level of postural control. However, postural stability in ballet dancers is still unclear and needs to be understood. PURPOSE: To evaluate ballet dancers' postural stability in performing single-leg standing, the en pointe task, and the ...

In order to explore the difference of intraocular pressure (IOP) at different points of cornea before and after laser in situ keratomileusis (LASIK), IOP was measured by Tono-Pen Tonometer at central cornea, pericentral cornea and limbus respectively and analyzed statistically. After LASIK, IOP was dropped significantly at central cornea and ...

A device was developed allowing to generate simulated human blood pressure signals for the purpose of testing the performance of automated noninvasive sphygmomanometers. The apparatus reproducibly generates blood-pressure oscillations synthesized from prerecorded measurements on human subjects. These real-life data allow for a much better evaluation of the accuracy of blood-pressure ...

In this prospective study we aimed at examining the effects of pneumatic tourniquet on intraocular pressure during elective knee surgery. Twenty patients undergoing elective knee surgery under general anesthesia with tracheal intubation were inluded the study. Anesthesia was induced with pentothal, rocuronium and fentanyl, then maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous ...

This study aims at the influence on hemolysis of the differences between the maximum and minimum amplitudes of pressure in the outlet of three roller pump models adjusted by dynamic calibration method. Tests were performed with silicone tubes (½ × 3/16 inches) in fluid analogous to blood and fresh bovine ...

The head-upright tilt-table test is an important tool for the diagnosis of vasodepressor or neurocardiogenic syncope. The use of noninvasive near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) monitoring and bispectral index (BIS) monitoring during these cases can add another tool to the real-time monitoring and aid in their diagnosis. The authors report their experience ...

this study evaluated early diastolic filling dynamics using a semiautomated objective analysis of filling velocities obtained from color M-mode echocardiography. diastolic function can be evaluated from color M-mode echocardiography by measuring the early diastolic flow propagation velocity (Vp) from the slope of a single linear approximation of an isovelocity contour. ...

Inhalational induction with Halothane is commonly used for anaesthesia in children. Its drawbacks include bradycardia and hypotension. Intravenous propofol has recently challenged this position. This study sought to compare duration of and cardiovascular changes at induction of anaesthesia in children. Sixty ASA I and II children aged 1- 7 years ...

We aimed to study the changes in cytokines, oxidative mediators, and pulmonary blood pressure in a neonatal sepsis model when applying an extracorporeal circuit (ECC). Of 28 anesthetized and mechanically ventilated 3-day-old piglets, 14 underwent cecal ligation and perforation (CLP), of which 7 underwent ECC for 3 h from 3 ...

Postoperative pharyngolaryngeal complications (PPLC) occur during anaesthesia due to increased cuff pressure following the insertion of laryngeal mask airways. The use of a pressure regulator to prevent PPLC was evaluated in a prospective, randomized study. Sixty patients scheduled to receive general anaesthesia were randomly assigned to two equal groups of ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of high-density foam (HDF) pads versus viscoelastic polymer (VP) pads in the prevention of pressure ulcer formation during spinal surgery and their cost-effectiveness. Subjects were 30 patients who underwent spinal surgery for more than 3 hr in a prone position. ...

The concentration-response and time-response relationships of lipid emulsions used to reverse bupivacaine-induced asystole are poorly defined. Concentration response across a range of lipid concentrations (0-16%) to reverse bupivacaine-induced asystole were observed using isolated rat heart Langendorff preparation. Cardiac function parameters were recorded during infusion. Concentrations of bupivacaine in myocardial tissue ...