BACKGROUND: Selective head cooling in the newborn infant has been proposed as a neuroprotective treatment with a lower level of systemic adverse effect than that of systemic hypothermia. However, the efficacy is not confirmed as well as that of systemic hypothermia. In order to analyze the safety and efficacy of ...

It is unknown whether the non-transplanted, denervated human heart is supersensitive to beta-adrenergic agonist in terms of inotropism and chronotropism. In the present study, 36 patients with normal left ventricular (LV) wall motion were divided into 3 groups according to the cardiac metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) scintigrams: group I with normal MIBG ...

BACKGROUND: Most cardiac operations with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are conducted with high oxygen partial pressure. The hyperoxic reoxygenation of the ischemic heart induced by aortic declamping may be an important component of cardiac reperfusion injury. The present clinical study assessed the preventive effect of graded reoxygenation on lipid peroxidation. Malondialdehyde ...

The literature regarding the blood pressure response to AAS use is equivocal. In addition, there is currently little data available on the Rate Pressure Product (RPP) response to anabolic androgenic steroids (AAS) use. The experimental aim of this study was to investigate the effects of AAS administration in combination with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether near infrared spectroscopic measurement of tissue pH and Po2 has sufficient accuracy to assess variation in tissue perfusion resulting from changes in blood pressure and metabolic demand during cardiopulmonary bypass. DESIGN: Prospective clinical study. SETTING: Academic medical center. SUBJECTS: Eighteen elective cardiac surgical patients. INTERVENTION: Cardiac ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine whether increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) with the administration of phenylephrine would improve internal jugular venous oxygen saturation (SjvO2) during normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) in patients with preexisting stroke. DESIGN: Prospective, controlled study. SETTING: Cardiovascular center and university hospital. PATIENTS: 17 patients with preexisting stroke who ...

The mechanism of venous drainage in reverse-flow island flaps was investigated using the saphenous fasciocutaneous flap in New Zealand White rabbits. Ten animals were allocated into two groups of 10 flaps. In group I (left limb), the distal vascular pedicle (one saphenous artery and two venae comitantes) was not disturbed, ...

Using intravital microscopy of the rabbit ear for quantitative studies of microvascular dynamics, we examined the impact of urinary trypsin inhibitor (UTI), a proteolytic enzyme inhibitor, on microvascular changes during immune complex-mediated anaphylaxis. A total of 50 rabbits, previously sensitized with horse serum, were anesthetized and mechanically ventilated with pentobarbital ...

Laparoscopy using carbon dioxide insufflation induces adverse effects in both the cardiovascular and the respiratory function. The use of low pressure pneumoperitoneum has been shown to reduce adverse hemodynamic effects. However, its effect on tissue trauma and postoperative pain and recovery remains controversial. The aim of this study was to ...

OBJECTIVES: The contact of cardiopulmonary bypass surface and patient's blood activates systemic inflammatory response which aggravates ischemia-reperfusion injury. This study evaluates the effects of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) on cerebral protection using different steroid administration protocols. METHODS: Eighteen (n=6/group) 4 week-old piglets were divided in ...

BACKGROUND: The standard treatment of iatrogenic perforation has been an urgent operation. Recently, endoscopic clip application was recommended particularly for iatrogenic perforations. This study was designed to investigate the usage of surgical clips for gastric perforations. METHOD: Forty male rats were allocated to four groups. Following a midline laparotomy, a ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effect of diisopropyl phenol (propofol), with and without Intralipid, on the cardiopulmonary system and on thromboxane production in endotoxic pigs. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized animal study. SETTING: Animal research laboratory at a major teaching hospital. SUBJECTS: Twenty-four pigs, divided into three groups (n = 8). INTERVENTIONS: Pulmonary ...

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects of briefly perfusing hearts from non-heart-beating donors (NHBDs) with a Celsior solution before cardiac transplantation. METHODS: Donor hearts were left in situ for 20 minutes after cardiac arrest was induced by rapid exsanguination. Twelve donor-recipient pairs of mongrel dogs were divided into 2 groups, the ...

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) remains the key technology for more complex cardiac operations. The perfusion equipment used nowadays has seen tremendous progress since its introduction into clinical practice 50 years ago. However, overall, CPB is still far from perfect. Major haemodilution is not only a problem for red cell-dependent gas transport, ...

BACKGROUND: Proinflammatory cytokines, such as tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha), interleukin (IL)-6, and IL-8 play a key role in the inflammatory cascade after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) and may induce cardiac and lung dysfunction. Antiinflammatory cytokines such as IL-10 may also significantly limit these complications. Corticosteroid administration before CPB increases blood IL-10 ...

This study evaluated the static friction force created between archwires and "reduced-friction" brackets during sliding mechanics. Five different brands of "reduced-friction" brackets were used: group A: NuEdge (TP Orthodontics, LaPorte, Ind); group B: Discovery (Dentaurum, Ispringen, Germany); group C: Synergy (Rocky Mountain Orthodontics, Denver, Colo); group D: Friction Free (American ...

After induction of cecal perforation, 20 anesthetized sheep were randomized to be treated, when arterial blood pressure fell below 75 mm Hg, with vasopressin (fixed dose of 0.02 U/minute), norepinephrine (0.5-5 microg/kg/minute titrated to maintain mean arterial pressure between 75 and 85 mm Hg), vasopressin + norepinephrine (vasopressin at fixed ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the fluctuations in arterial leukocyte phospholipase D (PLD) activity during the perioperative period of open heart surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB), and the relationship between PLD activity and systemic inflammatory response induced by CPB. METHODS: Arterial blood was obtained from 26 patients undergoing open heart surgery at ...

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that direct pulmonary arterial infusion of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) would ameliorate lung injury under cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Experiments were performed on 12 adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 20-28 kg. The animals were randomly divided into two groups of six animals each. All animals were subjected ...

Acromegaly is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. Although conventional risk factors such as glucose intolerance, hypertension, and dyslipidemia probably contribute, there may also be direct effects of GH/IGF-I excess on the vasculature. To study the effects of GH excess on the vasculature, we have assessed arterial stiffness in acromegalic subjects ...

BACKGROUND: Dislodgement of aortic arch atheroma caused by a perfusion "jet" from the aortic cannula may be a major cause of atheroemboli during coronary artery surgery when using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Two very different cannulas, the Soft-Flow aortic cannula and the Dispersion cannula, which have been designed to reduce exit ...

To determine the effect of a low-dose angiotensin receptor blocker, candesartan, on early kidney damage associated with diabetes. Fifty-two patients with type 2 diabetes with normo- and microalbuminuria participated in this study. Nineteen patients with high-normal and mildly high blood pressure received low-dose candesartan cilexetil at 4 mg daily (candesartan ...

PURPOSE: We evaluated corpora cavernosa metabolism in flaccidity and in erection, analyzing some blood gas analytical parameters and comparing them by histomorphometric examination to find a direct relation between biochemical-metabolic parameters and histological data. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We selected 33 patients with erectile dysfunction and divided them into 2 groups, ...

BACKGROUND: Diastolic dysfunction is common immediately after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). The duration of this phenomenon is unknown. Intravenous calcium is frequently administered during separation from cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). We sought to determine whether intravenous calcium influences perioperative diastolic function and whether diastolic dysfunction persists into the postoperative period. ...

BACKGROUND: Exhaled nitric oxide (NO) may reflect NO production and consumption but the pulmonary origin of NO in exhaled gas is not clear. There are also conflicting data on exhaled NO after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). Because intravenous nitrovasodilators increase exhaled NO by conversion to NO in the lung, we measured ...

Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) induces water retention in the third space, and the mechanism is partially associated with the activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS). Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) has a gradual but strong diuretic effect and suppresses the RAAS activation. We examined the efficacy of synthetic human alpha-ANP (hANP) infusion ...

BACKGROUND: The effect of adding lactate to the cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) prime was investigated using Stewart's quantitative acid-base approach. According to this quantitative model, serum pH and bicarbonate are determined by three independent factors: the partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO(2)), the total concentration of weak acids (e.g. albumin), and ...

Postoperative acute lung injury (ALI) contributes to the morbidity and mortality following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). To determine whether the presence of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) is associated with ALI after CPB, MMP-2 and MMP-9 activities in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) were compared with parameters indicating impaired gas exchange. In a prospective ...

BACKGROUND: The authors evaluated optimal adrenergic support using norepinephrine, dopamine, and dobutamine in a clinically relevant model of septic shock. METHODS: Twenty-eight mature, female, anesthetized sheep (weight, 30.5 +/- 3.6 kg) underwent cecal ligation and perforation and were randomized into four groups of seven animals to be treated with norepinephrine, ...

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of a single treatment with the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) on systemic hemodynamics and oxygen consumption (VO(2)) in patients with hyperacute liver failure (HALF). In a controlled design, eight patients with HALF were assigned to a 6-hour MARS treatment, ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine whether induced hypothermia could prolong short-term survival after volume-controlled hemorrhagic shock (HS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifteen pigs with systemic heparin underwent blood withdrawal of 30 ml/kg over 15 min under spontaneous breathing with halothane anesthesia. The pigs were divided into three groups of five pigs each: Group ...

Two experiments investigated the tendency of groups with members under high (vs. low) need for cognitive closure to develop an autocratic leadership structure in which some members dominate the discussion, constitute the "hubs" of communication, and influence the group more than other members. The first experiment found that high (vs. ...

BACKGROUND: Inhibition of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) predisposes patients to vasodilatory hypotension after cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This hypotension has been correlated with arginine vasopressin deficiency and can be corrected by its replacement. In patients receiving ACE inhibition, we investigated whether initiation of vasopressin before CPB would diminish post-CPB hypotension and catecholamine ...

OBJECTIVES: We tested whether nitric oxide scavenging with a ruthenium-based compound (AMD6221) would improve hemodynamics and alter nitric oxide synthase and matrix metalloproteinase activities in a canine model of cardiopulmonary bypass. METHODS: Dogs were randomized to either cardiopulmonary bypass (n = 12) or control (n = 12) groups. They were ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study was to evaluate modified adriamycin-induced cardiomyopathy in the dog for research on partial left ventriculectomy (PLV). METHODS: An intracoronary catheter was introduced into the left main stem via the first marginal branch in a retrograde fashion in 12 adult foxhound dogs. The catheter was ...

The results of leucocyte filtration during cardiac surgery are conflicting. This may be due to timing and duration of the filtration procedure, and to flow and pressure conditions in the filter. Therefore, we prospectively compared three major leucocyte filtration strategies in cardiac surgical patients. Forty patients were randomly divided into ...

BACKGROUND: Skull pins application following local anesthetic infiltration of scalp obtunds hemodynamic changes in adults. No such study is available in children. METHODS: 30 children undergoing elective suboccipital craniectomy with skull pins fixation, were randomly allocated either to control group I, or lignocaine group II. Whereas in group I, pins ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the effect of high-frequency ventilation versus other ventilation methods applied during cardiopulmonary bypass on postbypass oxygenation. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized study. SETTING: University hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Seventy-five patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft surgery. INTERVENTIONS: Patients were allocated to 5 equal groups of different ventilation methods during bypass. Groups ...

INTRODUCTION: We have demonstrated that a component of post-cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB)/cardioplegic arrest (CPA) myocardial dysfunction is related to myocardial edema. Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion that occurs with CPB/CPA activates the Na(+)/H(+) exchanger to normalize intracellular pH, with intracellular Na(+) (and water) accumulation. We hypothesized that Na(+)/H(+) exchanger inhibition with a selective inhibitor ...

To assess the effect of health education on blood pressure control and depression symptoms, we conducted a prospective study in 272 patients with essential hypertension. Depression symptoms were assessed by the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). There was no significant difference in the level of hypertension and SDS scores between ...

An experimental study has been conducted to evaluate the effects of increased intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) on the excretion function from renal pelvis into the ureter. METHODS: Sixteen adult male New Zealand rabbits were randomly allocated in two groups after obtaining basal scintigraphies. Group I consisted of 8 rabbits which were ...

BACKGROUND: The role of nitric oxide (NO) in ischemia-reperfusion injury remains controversial. This study evaluated the effects of L-arginine (NO precursor) or nitroglycerine (NO donor) on cardiac and lung function after deep hypothermic circulatory arrest in neonatal lambs. METHOD: Three groups of anesthetized lambs underwent cardiopulmonary bypass, deep hypothermic circulatory ...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether or not 5-minute segmental intraaortic perfusion of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) in the preischemic period has a protective effect against spinal cord ischemia during aortic cross clamping. METHODS: The rabbits were divided into two groups. In group A (n = 6), ...

PURPOSE: The present study was done to investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in hypotension and bronchospasm provoked by anaphylaxis in rabbits in vivo. METHODS: Forty-five rabbits sensitized to horse serum were randomly allocated to five groups: Group 1 (n = 10) received 0.5 nmol x kg(-1) of ET-1; Group ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Vascular photodynamic therapy (PDT) inhibits intimal hyperplasia (IH) induced by angioplasty in rat iliac arteries by eradicating the proliferating smooth muscle cells. This process may jeopardise the structure and strength of the arterial wall, reflected by a decreased bursting pressure. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS: Thirty male Wistar ...

The aim of this study was to compare the regressive effect of clinidipine on left ventricular mass (LVM) with that of quinapril. Sixty patients with mild essential hypertension aged more than 39 years were randomly allocated to two groups to receive cilnidipine (10 mg; n = 30) or quinapril (10 ...

The aim of our study was to assess the effect of methylene blue infusion on plasma levels of cytokines in severe sepsis. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients received either methylene blue 0.5 mg.kg-1.h-1 (MB group, n = 15) or similar volume of isotonic saline (control group, n ...

BACKGROUND: Despite improvements in neonatal heart surgery, neurologic complications continue to occur from low-flow cardiopulmonary bypass (LF-CPB) and deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA). Desflurane confers neuroprotection against ischemia at normothermia and for DHCA. This study compared neurologic outcome of a desflurane-based with a fentanyl-based anesthetic for LF-CPB. METHODS: Thirty piglets ...

Gastrointestinal complications following cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) are relatively uncommon, but are associated with a high mortality rate. Impairment of bowel perfusion during and following CPB may serve as a trigger for the development of multiorgan failure. The aim of our study was the development of a new animal model allowing ...

BACKGROUND: Experimental evidence supporting the safety of laparoscopic intervention during sepsis is limited. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of pneumoperitoneum on immunologic and hemodynamic responses to peritoneal sepsis. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A porcine model of peritonitis was created using an intraperitoneal autologous fecal inoculum. Pigs ...