The pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension syndrome (PHS, ascites) includes the development of systemic arterial hypoxemia (reduction in the saturation of hemoglobin with O(2), HbO(2)), which can be mimicked in clinically healthy broilers by i.v. injections of microparticles (MP). In experiment 1, arterial blood samples were collected from clinically healthy broilers ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the blood recirculation ratio in the vascular access of patients on hemodialysis, and to calculate the Kt/Vs obtained with the different techniques of arteriovenous fistula punctures. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 174 patients were divided according to the technique used for arteriovenous fistula puncture: group 1, ...

Early goal-directed therapy is a term used to describe the guidance of intravenous fluid and vasopressor/inotropic therapy by using cardiac output or similar parameters in the immediate post-cardiopulmonary bypass in cardiac surgery patients. Early recognition and therapy during this period may result in better outcome. In keeping with this aim ...

PURPOSE: Study hemodynamic pattern and lipoperoxidation during methylene blue (MB) treatment on taurocholate - enterokinase induced acute pancreatitis (AP). METHODS: Thirty pigs were equally divided in control group; MB group; AP group; MB previous AP group; and MB after 90 min of induced AP group. MB was given iv in ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the proliferation of artery after hydraulic dilation under different pressures. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Right carotid arteries of New Zealand white rabbits (group A, B, C, D) were dilated by hydraulic dilation under different pressures (0, 40, 80, 120 Kpa). The arterial caliber, thickness of tunica intima (TI) ...

OBJECTIVE: We hypothesized that non-invasive positive pressure ventilation (NPPV) would improve an acute asthma attack in mild to moderate cases without bronchodilator therapy. METHODOLOGY: A total of 44 eligible patients with acute asthma of mild to moderate severity who had acute attacks were randomly allocated to a NPPV (n=30) or ...

We examined the hypothesis that higher cerebral oxygen saturation (rSO2) during RCP is correlated with urinary output. Between December 2002 and August 2006, 12 patients aged 3 to 61 days and weighing 2.6 to 3.4 kg underwent aortic arch repair with RCP. Urinary output and rSO2 were analyzed retrospectively. Data ...

Gabapentin is an adjuvant analgesic and may enhance the spread of subarachnoid block. We investigated the effects of pretreatment with gabapentin on subarachnoid block characteristics and hemodynamics. Seventy patients undergoing transurethral procedures under subarachnoid anesthesia with 2.2 mL of 0.75% ropivacaine were randomly assigned to receive preoperatively 400 mg of ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the potential haemodynamic effects of valvular insufficiency and recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses with atrial fibrillation (AF). Therefore in ten healthy horses (group 1) and 40 horses with AF a clinical examination, a lung examination, echocardiography and right heart catheterization for ...

BACKGROUND: Although severe encephalopathy has been proposed as a possible contraindication to the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation (NPPV), increasing clinical reports showed it was effective in patients with impaired consciousness and even coma secondary to acute respiratory failure, especially hypercapnic acute respiratory failure (HARF). To further evaluate the effectiveness ...

BACKGROUND: We aimed to test the efficacy and safety of closure of the appendeceal stump with only laparoscopic bipolar electrocautery in rats. METHODS: In this study, 40 female Wistar-Albino rats were used. In group I (n = 10), appendix vermiformis, approximately 1 cm in width, was completely ligated with 3/0 ...

PURPOSE: To compare in vivo efficacy of multipolar radiofrequency (RF) ablation with two internally cooled electrodes to that of monopolar RF ablation with internally cooled single and cluster needles to induce coagulation in in vivo porcine kidneys. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-four coagulations were created in the kidneys of 12 pigs ...

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of Yiqi Huoxue Recipe (YHR) on the cardiac function and ultrastructure during the regression of myocardial hypertrophy induced by pressure overload in rats. METHODS: The model of myocardial hypertrophy was established by abdominal aortic banding. Eighty male Wistar rats were divided into six groups, the ...

A new preservation method using perfluorochemicals (PFC) with oxygen administered continuously was developed for lung preservation and compared with traditional cold preservation methods for rat lung transplantation. Male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent orthotopic left lung transplantations of grafts preserved in lactiated Ringers solution (LR), University of Wisconsin solution (UW), Celsior solution, ...

OBJECTIVE: Myocardial dysfunction after reperfusion can be a clinical problem in the early postoperative phase after on-pump cardiac surgery. The aim was, in an experimental setting, to investigate if administration of the beta-adrenergic receptor blocker esmolol prior to cross-clamping for 80 min with cold oxygenated blood cardioplegia would improve myocardial ...

AIMS: Radiofrequency ablation (RFA) of tumors by means of internally cooled (ICE) or multitined expandable electrodes combined with infusion of saline into the tissue may improve results. Our aim was to determine the efficacy of a previously optimized hybrid ICE system (ICE combined with infusion of saline into the tissue ...

BACKGROUND: Many studies have demonstrated the adverse consequences of pneumoperitoneum. However, few studies have examined the physiologic effects of pneumoperitoneum in adults with sickle cell disease (SCD) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). METHODS: 60 ASA 1-capital PE, Cyrillic capital PE, Cyrillic patients, with cholelithiasis, scheduled for elective LC were allocated into ...

The activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system prevents the uptake of norepinephrine in the myocardium. However, the additive effects of combined spironolactone and candesartan on cardiac sympathetic nerve activity (CSNA) have not been determined. We investigated the effects of the angiotensin-receptor blocker candesartan alone and in combination with spironolactone on CSNA ...

The possible association between selenium and essential hypertension was investigated in this study. Blood selenium (BSe) and plasma glutathione peroxidase (plGSH-Px) activity were measured as biochemical markers of selenium status of 103 hypertensive patients (44 males and 59 females) and 88 apparently healthy subjects (40 males and 48 females). The ...

One stage repair of interrupted aortic arch (IAA) associated with cardiac anomalies in neonates and infants is challenging for the entire surgical team. Deep hypothermic circulatory arrest (DHCA) prolongs myocardial and cerebral ischemia and may induce heart, brain, and major organ dysfunction. From May 2004 to May 2006, 13 infants ...

BACKGROUND: Animal-assisted therapy improves physiological and psychosocial variables in healthy and hypertensive patients. OBJECTIVES: To determine whether a 12-minute hospital visit with a therapy dog improves hemodynamic measures, lowers neurohormone levels, and decreases state anxiety in patients with advanced heart failure. METHODS: A 3-group randomized repeated-measures experimental design was used ...

Most patients with penetrating cardiac wounds die within minutes of injury from uncontrolled haemorrhage and acute cardiac dysfunction. Thus, sustaining sufficient circulation rapidly is crucial to saving lives. Emergent cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a potential intervention to maintain circulation after penetrating cardiac wounds from a gunshot. Canines were wounded with ...

Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy is often accompanied by tachycardia which is known to be an important pathogenic factor in the development of myocardial ischemia. The pathogenesis of tachycardia is unknown but the condition is thought to be due to the endocrine response to endoscopy. The purpose of the present study was ...

Scalp infiltration with epinephrine-containing lidocaine solution can elicit significant hypotension before craniotomy under general anesthesia. A prospective randomized controlled study was designed to observe whether a lighter depth of general anesthesia could prevent the unintentional hypotension induced by the epinephrine scalp infiltration during neurosurgery or not. Fifty patients undergoing scheduled ...

BACKGROUND AND STUDY AIM: Physiologic reactions during natural orifice transluminal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) may differ from those at laparoscopy. This experimental study assessed the effect of pneumoperitoneum induced by endoscope air pump on hemodynamics and inspiratory pressures during transgastric peritoneoscopy. METHODS: Transgastric peritoneoscopy was performed in 11 female pigs (35 ...

BACKGROUND: Recently we reported on cerebral metabolic changes suggesting ischemia in piglets during nitroprusside-induced low-pressure CPB. We here investigated whether a mean arterial pressure (MAP) of 40-45 mmHg could provoke similar changes by a NO-independent intervention. METHODS: Piglets underwent 60 minutes normothermic followed by 90 minutes hypothermic CPB. The LP-group ...

OBJECTIVE: A small sub-group of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) have normal-sized ascending aorta and arch. An alternative to the Norwood I procedure in these patients is the creation of an aorto-pulmonary (AP) window with a distal pulmonary artery band (PAB). We reviewed our experience with this technique ...

OBJECTIVES: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) provides a unique circumstance to study the effects of drugs on the systemic vasculature. Thus, this study was designed to evaluate the effects of sodium bicarbonate on the systemic circulation during CPB in humans. DESIGN: Randomized, double-blind study. Setting: Tertiary care university hospital. PARTICIPANTS: Patients presenting ...

Preemptive analgesia is recommended in small animal medicine. However, many studies have evaluated the response to analgesic treatment by behavioral observation. Therefore, the influence of preemptive analgesia with meloxicam on postoperative cardiovascular and renal parameters remains to be clarified. The present study examined the changes in blood pressure, heart rate, ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether inhaled steroid administration after cardiopulmonary bypass will attenuate pulmonary inflammation and improve lung compliance and oxygenation. DESIGN: Randomized, prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial. SETTING: Children's Hospital of Michigan, intensive care unit. PATIENTS: Thirty-two children <2 yrs of age with congenital heart disease requiring cardiopulmonary bypass. INTERVENTIONS: ...

White rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum) anesthetized with etorphine combinations develop severe pathophysiologic changes, including hypoventilation, hypoxemia and metabolic acidosis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of butorphanol to the immobilizing mixture on the cardiopulmonary effects in free-ranging white rhinoceroses darted from the helicopter. In the control group ...

PURPOSE: To assess the initial healing after surgical stapling of the stomach using a linear cutting stapler and creating pneumoperitoneum (12-14 mmHg) for 60 minutes or 120 minutes, and compare it with the healing of a staple line not submitted to increased pressure. METHODS: A total of 30 dogs were ...

Stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system occurs during the development of heart failure in dogs with chronic mitral valvular disease (CMVD). The use of beta-blockers to modulate the activation of the sympathetic nervous system would be useful in dogs with CMVD. Group A included 13 dogs who received the conventional ...

OBJECTIVE: Although there are various experimental pancreatic models in animals, only a few studies have evaluated how intraductal pressure and contrast agent affect the development of pancreatitis after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatograpy (ERCP). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The rats were randomly divided into seven groups (n = 8/group). The rats in all ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is known to induce systemic inflammation and cardiac dysfunction associated with a significant morbidity. Aim of the study was to develop an in vivo model of rat CPB with hypothermic cardiac arrest and the use of cardioplegia. MATERIAL AND METHODS: The CPB circuit consisted of a ...

Diminished nocturnal blood pressure fall in nondipper hypertensive patients are closely associated with poor prognosis. N-terminal probrain natriuretic peptide can also identify poor prognosis in miscellaneous heart diseases. In this study, we aimed to clarify the association between probrain natriuretic peptide levels and diminished nocturnal blood pressure fall in patients ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb 761) on healing of experimental colonic anastomoses in a rat model. METHODS: Rats were divided into four groups: postoperative day (POD) 3 untreated control group, POD 3 EGb 761 group, POD 7 untreated control ...

BACKGROUND: The purpose of this study is to investigate the influence of perioperative circulation on spinal cord during the repair of descending thoracic or thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysms. METHODS: From October 1999, 92 patients (aged 66 +/- 13 years; 65 men) underwent the repair of descending thoracic (n = 30) or ...

We observed the effect of cardiotrophin-1 (CT-1) gene transfer on cardiomyocytes in a murine model of myocardial infarction. Sixty male CD-1 mice weighing approximately 40 g were used in the study. Forty mice were subjected to left coronary artery ligation and randomized to receive AdCT-1 vector (treated group) or AdLacZ ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is performed widely, given the progress in cardioprotective methods. However, endotoxemia caused by CPB leads to systemic inflammatory response syndrome and deterioration of organ function. We evaluated the effectiveness of endotoxin removal with a polymyxin B-immobilized hemoperfusion cartridge (PMX) in CPB. MATERIALS AND ...

1. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of treatment with enalapril on the sensitivity of cardiopulmonary reflexes 30 days after myocardial infarction in Wistar rats. 2. Animals were divided into four groups: (i) sham operated, receiving vehicle (SHAM); (ii) infarcted, receiving vehicle (0.9% NaCl; INF); ...

INTRODUCTION: This study investigated whether two levels of mean arterial pressure (MAP) during cardiopulmonary bypass did influence per-operative fluid shifts. METHODS: Sixteen pigs underwent 60 minutes of normothermic cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) followed by 90 minutes of hypothermic CPB. Eight animals had a MAP of 60-80mmHg by norepinephrine (HP group). Another ...

BACKGROUND: Although thoracic epidural analgesia (TEA) is considered superior to IV opioids for postoperative analgesia after thoracic surgery, a few studies clearly demonstrate an improvement in pulmonary function attributable to TEA using a local anesthetic in combination with an opioid. METHODS: In this prospective, randomized, double-blind study, we compared the ...

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: The haemodynamic responses during extubation can cause complications after open-heart surgery. In this study, we aimed to examine the effect of esmolol and magnesium before extubation on these haemodynamic responses. METHODS: Following the approval of local Ethics Committee, 120 patients having coronary artery bypass grafting with extubation ...

OBJECTIVE: Extreme anemia threatens myocardial oxygen supply by 1) a decline of arterial oxygen content and 2) by a decline of mean aortic pressure (MAP) and thus coronary perfusion pressure. Standard treatment of low arterial oxygen content includes ventilation with pure oxygen and the transfusion of red blood cells. However, ...

BACKGROUND: Norepinephrine plasma levels may play a role in small-for-size grafts dysfunction at the early posttransplant period. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The 18 pigs used as recipients were assigned to group 1 (n = 6), group 2 (n = 6), and group 3 (n = 6) and given grafts with graft-to-recipient ...

Pneumoperitoneum (PP), as used for laparoscopic procedures, impairs stroke volume, renal blood flow, glomerular filtration rate and urine output. This study investigated whether perioperative fluid management can abolish these negative effects of PP on hemodynamics. Twenty-one patients undergoing laparoscopic donor nephrectomy (LDN) were randomized into three groups: group 1 received ...

This experiment studied the pathophysiology of negative pressure pulmonary edema. Laser colorimetry, weight transients, hematocrit and plasma protein changes were used to determine fluid and protein flux in 3 groups of isolated blood-perfused left lower canine lung lobes. Each group (n = 12) was subjected to an initial 50 minute ...

Ninety ASA 1 and 2 pregnant women with term singleton pregnancies and no maternal and fetal complications, scheduled for elective or emergency Caesarean section, were randomly allocated to group LT (15 degrees left lateral table tilt, n = 45) and group MD (leftward manual displacement, n = 45). Subarachnoid block ...

BACKGROUND: Volumes from 5 to 20 mL of local anesthetic are used for stellate ganglion block. The variation of practice gave us the impetus to investigate the distribution of 3 different volumes of solution. We documented the regions reached by each volume to assess the possibility to reduce the injectate ...