Background:Heel clearance and ankle status (free or locked) are of major determinants affecting peak plantar pressures and contact area in patellar tendon bearing brace and have been separately studied by many researchers. This study investigated the combined effect of ankle status and heel clearance on contact area and peak plantar ...

BACKGROUND: The effectiveness of foot orthoses has been evaluated in many clinical trials with sham foot orthoses used as the control intervention in at least 10 clinical trials. However, the mechanical effects and credibility of sham orthoses has been rarely quantified. This study aimed to: (i) compare the effects on ...

The absence of a midtarsal break has long been regarded as a derived feature of the human foot. Humans possess a rigid midfoot that acts as an efficient lever during the propulsive phase of bipedal gait. Non-human primates, in contrast, have a more mobile midfoot that is adaptive for tree ...

Plantar pressure measurements have long been used by clinicians to provide information regarding potential impairments and disorders of the foot and ankle. Elevations in peak plantar pressures or a poor distribution of these pressures can be an indication of pathomechanics in the foot. Lower extremity deficits such as sensory impairment, ...

BACKGROUND: Lower extremity overuse injuries are detrimental to military readiness. Extremes of arch height and heavy loads carried by military personnel are associated with increased risk for overuse injury. Little is known regarding the impact of load carriage on plantar pressure distributions during gait. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine ...

While determinants of aortic pulse wave velocity (aPWV) are well known, much less is known about factors affecting lower-extremity pulse wave velocity (lePWV). Unlike aPWV, increased lePWV does not predict cardiovascular risk, but limits lower-extremity blood flow and is associated with increased left ventricular mass. The aim of this study ...

The static and dynamic properties of liquid ZnCl2 under pressure are investigated by ab initio molecular-dynamics simulations. The pressure range covers ambient to approximately 80 GPa. The ZnCl4 tetrahedra, which are rather stable at ambient pressure, are shown to deform and collapse with increasing pressure while maintaining an almost constant ...

The deformation-DIA apparatus (D-DIA) coupled with synchrotron X-rays allows investigating materials elastic and plastic properties at high pressure. Most D-DIA deformation cells use alumina pistons that can also be used for measurement of the differential stress in the compression column by in situ X-ray diffraction. Here, we quantify the axial ...

Upper-arm non-invasive blood pressure measurement during caesarean section can be uncomfortable and unreliable because of movement artefact in the conscious parturient. We aimed to determine whether ankle blood pressure measurement could be used instead in this patient group by comparing concurrent arm and ankle blood pressure measured throughout elective caesarean ...

BACKGROUND: Ankle inversion injury is common in military populations but associated biomechanical risk factors are largely unknown. This prospective study examined the association between pressure and kinematic variables, and ankle inversion injury risk in Royal Marine (RM) recruits. It was hypothesised that a more medially concentrated pressure at the heel-off ...

Background: Fatigue due to running has been shown to contribute to changes in plantar pressure distribution. However, little is known about changes in foot posture after running. We sought to compare the Foot Posture Index before and after moderate exercise and to relate any changes to plantar pressure patterns. Methods: ...

Plantar pressure measurement is common practice in many research and clinical protocols. While the accuracy of some plantar pressure measuring devices and methods for ensuring consistency in data collection on plantar pressure measuring devices have been reported, the reliability of different devices when testing the same individuals is not known. ...

BACKGROUND: Footwear-generated biomechanical manipulations have been shown to alter lower limb kinetics. It has been suggested that this is due to altered trajectory of the foot's center of pressure (COP), conveying a shift in location of the ground reaction force and modifying moments and forces acting on proximal body segments. ...

OBJECTIVES: To study ethnic differences in ankle pressures in South Asians versus Europeans and in those with and without diabetes mellitus (DM). DESIGN: Case control. SETTING: Primary care. PARTICIPANTS: 391(DM=154) South Asian and 252(DM=72) European adults. INTERVENTION: None. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Systolic blood pressure of the left (L) and right ...

INTRODUCTION: Elastic compression stockings exerting a progressive pressure, higher at the calf than at the ankle (progressive elastic compression stockings, PECS), have already proved to be more comfortable, easier to put on and more effective in improving venous pumping function compared to graduated compression elastic stockings (GECS). Nevertheless, PECS could ...

BACKGROUND: Plantar pressure is widely used to evaluate foot complaints. However, most plantar pressure studies focus on the symptomatic foot with foot deformities. The purposes of this study were to investigate subjects without clear foot deformities and to identify differences in plantar pressure pattern between subjects with and without forefoot ...

Background:The correlation between angle of fusion of the first metatarsophalangeal (1MTTP) joint and pressures under metatarsal heads and hallux has not been well characterized. The main purpose was to investigate the correlation between fusion dorsiflexion angle of the 1MTTP joint and plantar pressures under the first metatarsal head and hallux ...

Customised foot orthoses (FOs) featuring extrinsic rearfoot posting are commonly prescribed for individuals with a symptomatic pronated foot type. By altering the angle of the posting it is purported that a controlled dose-response effect during the stance phase of gait can be achieved, however these biomechanical changes have yet to ...

The effect of high-pressure torsion (HPT) processing on the microstructure and mechanical biocompatibility includes Young's modulus, tensile strength, ductility, fatigue life, fretting fatigue, wear properties and other functionalities such as super elasticity and shape memory effect, etc. at levels suitable for structural biomaterials used in implants that replace hard tissue ...

Ankle blood pressure may be a useful indicator of arterial stiffness. The main aim of the present study was to examine the relationship of ankle blood pressure measured in midlife with the risk of dementia with advancing age. A secondary aim was to examine the relationship of physical exercise capacity ...

Background: Lengthening of the lateral column by means of the Evans osteotomy is commonly used for reconstruction of adult and pediatric flatfoot. However, some reports have shown that the Evans osteotomy is linked with increased calcaneocuboid joint pressures and an increased risk of arthritis in the joint. The purpose of ...

Ankle edema is a common adverse effect of amlodipine, an L-type calcium channel blocker (CCB). Cilnidipine is a newer L/N-type CCB, approved for treatment of essential hypertension. This study was designed to determine whether cilnidipine can produce resolution of amlodipine-induced edema while maintaining adequate control of hypertension. A prospective study ...

This study examined the effects of combined traditional Chinese physical and mental exercises on the blood pressure of adult female hypertensive patients. Twenty female hypertensive patients aged between 50 and 60 years voluntarily participated in the study. The participants performed the combined exercises for 24 weeks, twice a week, and ...

Footprints are the most direct source of evidence about locomotor biomechanics in extinct vertebrates. One of the principal suppositions underpinning biomechanical inferences is that footprint geometry correlates with dynamic foot pressure, which, in turn, is linked with overall limb motion of the trackmaker. In this study, we perform the first ...

In contrast to western countries, foot complaints are rare in Africa. This is remarkable, as many African adults walk many hours each day, often barefoot or with worn-out shoes. The reason why Africans can withstand such loading without developing foot complaints might be related to the way the foot is ...

The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of different footwear on plantar loading in Irish dance. Participants were 12 open class dancers (the highest level) who were actively engaged in Irish dance competition. Subjects had a mean of 9.2 ± 2.1 years of experience in Irish dance. ...

[This corrects the article on p. e62186 in vol. 8.].

BACKGROUND: In plantar pressure studies on the diabetic foot, pressure-time integral data is often analyzed and reported next to peak pressure data, mostly because of its assumed additional value. The aim was to assess this additional value by systematically reviewing the relevant literature. METHODS: The MEDLINE database was searched for ...

BACKGROUND: Disruptions to the progress of the centre-of-pressure trajectory beneath prosthetic feet have been reported previously. These disruptions reflect how body weight is transferred over the prosthetic limb and are governed by the compliance of the prosthetic foot device and its ability to simulate ankle function. This study investigated whether ...

We show that application of high hydrostatic pressure (600 MPa for 15 min) on condensed whey protein (WP) systems (e.g., 80% w/w solids content) results in unexpected structure-function behavior when compared with conventional thermal treatment. Unraveling the relaxation properties in first-order thermodynamic transitions, the manifestation of glass transition phenomena and ...

During shoulder surgery, blood pressure is frequently measured at the ankle. Anesthetic complications may result when ankle blood pressure is higher than brachial blood pressure and anesthesiologists misinterpret ankle blood pressure as brachial blood pressure. Therefore, we investigated whether ankle blood pressure is significantly higher than brachial blood pressure before ...

Double fusion (i.e., fusion of the subtalar and talonavicular joint) represents a modification of triple arthrodesis preserving integrity of the calcaneocuboidal joint. Our aims were (1) to evaluate dynamic plantar pressure distribution in patients undergoing double arthrodesis, (2) to obtain a comparison of kinematic changes to healthy feet, (3) to ...

Manual palpation or pressure stimulation is often used for pain sensitivity assessment. The aim of the current study was to define a method for investigating the relation between pressure pain sensitivity and pressure propagation in soft or harder muscles. Three-dimensional finite-element computer-models were developed to simulate the tissue stress and ...

This study compared the ground reaction forces (GRF) and plantar pressures between unloaded and occasional loaded gait. The GRF and plantar pressures of 60 participants were recorded during unloaded gait and occasional loaded gait (wearing a backpack that raised their body mass index to 30); this load criterion was adopted ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the accuracy of a fully automated portable device (APD) for diagnosing peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by measuring the toe-brachial index (TBI) and using mercury-in-silastic, strain-gauge plethysmography (SGP) as reference. DESIGN: Prospective, randomised, double-blinded diagnostic accuracy study. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 204 consecutive patients with known ...

BACKGROUND: Differences in foot structure are thought to be associated with differences in foot function during movement. Many foot pathologies are of a biomechanical nature and often associated with foot type. Fundamental to the understanding of foot pathomechanics is the question: do different foot types have distinctly different structure and ...

High plantar pressures have been associated with foot ulceration in people with diabetes, who can experience loss of protective sensation due to peripheral neuropathy. Therefore, characterization of elevated plantar pressure distributions can provide a means of identifying diabetic patients at potential risk of foot ulceration. Plantar pressure distribution classification can ...

Background: Previous studies have suggested that orthoses with different constructions could alter gait parameters in flexible flatfoot. However, there is less evidence about the effect of insoles with proprioceptive mechanism on plantar pressure distribution in flatfoot.Objectives: To assess the effect of orthoses with different mechanisms on plantar pressure distribution in ...

BACKGROUND: Plantar pressure reduction is mandatory for diabetic foot ulcer healing. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of a new walking strategy learned by biofeedback on plantar pressure distribution under both feet in patients with diabetic peripheral neuropathy. METHODS: Terminally augmented biofeedback has been used for foot off-loading training ...

Foot sole tactile sensation provides valuable feedback to the central nervous system. Acutely reduced foot sensation changes plantar pressure distribution in standing and gait; however, the effect of chronic foot sole sensory impairment on plantar pressure distribution is unclear. PURPOSE: This study aims to examine the effects of peripheral neuropathy ...

Background. Criterion-related validity of a self-administered questionnaire listed as gold standard requires objective testing. The aim of this study was to analyze the Foot Health Status Questionnaire (FHSQ) using functional variable measures (dynamic plantar pressure and foot strength). Materials and methods. A total of 22 elderly healthy participants (13 women ...

This investigation identifies the center of pressure (COP) progression characteristics under the plantar region for elderly adults during barefoot walking. A total of 60 healthy adults (30 young and 30 old) were recruited. The young and elderly participants had average ages of 23.6 (SD=2.7) and 70.8 (SD=4.1) years old, respectively. ...

The Win-Track platform is an instrument used to measure plantar pressures and gait parameters during barefoot walking. The objective of this study was to determine the test-retest reliability of the system in assessing plantar pressures and temporal gait variables between 1-step and 3-step gait protocols. A total of 30 healthy ...

The research goals are to learn about the biomechanics of human footsteps and apply the knowledge to the understanding of the subsequent wave energy that is transferred into the ground or track surface. Phase (1) research is focused on learning about the time development of the footstep pressure that a ...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: It was shown that rolled-toe shoes smooth hoof-unrollment and thereby reduce peak loading of forelimbs in trotting Warmblood horses. Shoe design and shoeing technique for hind feet have been modified over recent decades from fully fitted, toe-clipped shoes to set-back, side-clipped shoes. OBJECTIVES: To study the ...

This study investigated the influencing factors of foot plantar pressure and attempted to find practical indicators to predict abnormal foot pressure in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Vibration perception threshold (VPT) and foot plantar pressure in 1,126 T2DM outpatients were examined. Patients were assigned to Group A (n=599), ...

BACKGROUND: Amlodipine is a racemic mixture of (R)- and (S)-enantiomers. It has been suggested that removing the therapeutically inactive (R)-enantiomer will reduce adverse events while preserving the agent's efficacy. Women experience more adverse effects from amlodipine. OBJECTIVE: This exploratory study compared the amount of pedal edema experienced by female Korean ...

We describe the ejection of bubbles from air-filled pits micromachined on a silicon surface when exposed to ultrasound at a frequency of approximately 200kHz. As the pressure amplitude is increased the bubbles ejected from the micropits tend to be larger and they interact in complex ways. With more than one ...

Heel pain is a major musculoskeletal condition and it's commonly experienced by air hostesses due to the time spent standing and walking. A new method of biomechanical assessment was performed in air hostesses and airport staff, while wearing work footwear. The aim of this pilot study was to assess the ...

Heart failure develops earlier and is more prevalent in blacks than whites because of their higher incidence of hypertension and diabetes and likely subsequent diastolic dysfunction. Natriuretic peptides (NP) prevent cardiac malfunction through pressure, natriuresis action. However, whether race affects the relationships of NP action with cardiac function is unknown. ...