The goal of this experimental study was to investigate rescuer exertion when using "Animax," a manually operated hand-powered mechanical resuscitation device (MRD) for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), compared to standard basic life support (BLS). This was a prospective, open, randomized, crossover simulation study. After being trained, 80 medical students with substantial ...

The purpose of the present study was to translate our laboratory investigations to establish safety and efficacy of 8 weeks of chronic SC B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) administration in human Stage C heart failure (HF). B-Type natriuretic peptide is a cardiac hormone with vasodilating, natriuretic, renin-angiotensin inhibiting, and lusitropic properties. ...

The present study examined the effects of BIOCERAMIC on psychological stress-conditioned elevated heart rate, blood pressure and oxidative stress-suppressed cardiac contractility using in vivo and in vitro animal models. We investigated the effects of BIOCERAMIC on the in vivo cardiovascular hemodynamic parameters of rats by monitoring their heart rates, systolic ...

ABSTRACT: Hemodynamic monitoring is used to identify deviations from hemodynamic goals and to assess responses to therapy. To accomplish these goals one must understand how the circulation is regulated. In this review I begin with an historical review of the work of Arthur Guyton and his conceptual understanding of the ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Use of energy drinks has significantly increased in recent times. Besides athletes, teenagers and students are among the most common consumers. However, popularity is also increasing among the younger and older age groups. Most of the users believe that they are a good source of instant energy and ...

ObjectiveEssential hypotension represents a form of chronic low blood pressure (BP) not explained by medical or orthostatic conditions. The pathogenesis of essential hypotension may involve sympathetic hypoactivation and other forms of autonomic dysregulation. The aim of the current study was to investigate autonomic and cardiovascular activity during sleep in individuals ...

ABSTRACT: INTRODUCTION: The Nexfin device estimates arterial pressure by the volume clamp method through a finger pneumatic cuff. It also allows to estimate cardiac index (CInoninv) by pulse contour analysis of the non-invasive arterial pressure curve. We evaluated the ability of the device to track changes in cardiac index induced ...

OBJECTIVE:: To evaluate the role of pain perception and pain stimulus components for blood pressure responses to stress in the black and the white African population with hypertension. BASIC METHODS:: Cardiovascular regulation in response to a cold pressor stimulus was studied in hypertensive black (n = 110) and white (n = 95) Africans. Perception ...

Recent studies have reported the clinical usefulness of positive airway pressure ventilation therapy with various kinds of pressure support compared with simple continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) for heart failure patients. However, the mechanism of the favorable effect of CPAP with pressure support can not be explained simply from the ...

Renalase is a novel flavoprotein, highly expressed in kidney and heart, which metabolizes catecholamines and catecholamine-like substances via a superoxide (O2(-))-dependent mechanism using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) as a cofactor. Its mechanism of action is distinct from that of monoaminooxidases A and B, because it oxidizes catecholamines (epinephrine>L-DOPA>dopamine = norepinephrine) ...

INTRODUCTION: Over the last few years, near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) has been introduced to study cerebral haemodynamics and oxygenation. This paper points out how the use of an external source of CO(2) effects on the absolute value of cerebral NIRS during cardiac surgery on cardiopulmonary bypass.Patients and methods:Between January 2010 and ...

AIM OF THE STUDY: To evaluate the association between haemodynamic variables during the first 24hours after intensive care unit (ICU) admission and neurological outcome in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) victims undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. METHODS: In a multi-disciplinary ICU, records were reviewed for comatose OHCA patients undergoing therapeutic hypothermia. The hourly ...

PURPOSE: Volume expansion is a common therapeutic intervention in septic shock, although patient response to the intervention is difficult to predict. Central venous pressure (CVP) and shock index have been used independently to guide volume expansion, although their use is questionable. We hypothesize that a combination of these measurements will ...

OBJECTIVES:: The Vicorder is a new brachial cuff-based device that estimates central blood pressure (cBP) using a brachial-to-aortic transfer function. The aim of this study was to evaluate cBP estimated by the Vicorder. METHODS:: During cardiac angiography, cBP estimated by the Vicorder and the SphygmoCor was evaluated against simultaneous invasive ...

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to characterize the cardiovascular responses to dobutamine and their predictors. Our hypotheses were that dobutamine mainly produces tachycardia and vasodilation and fails to improve the microcirculation of patients with septic shock. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Systemic hemodynamics and sublingual microcirculation were evaluated with dobutamine ...

Taurine is an abundant, free amino acid found in mammalian cells that contributes to many physiologic functions from that of a simple cell osmolyte to a programmer of adult health and disease. Taurine's contribution extends from conception throughout life, but its most critical exposure period is during perinatal life. In ...

This study sought to investigate plasma levels of circulating cardiac natriuretic peptides, atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and B-type or brain natriuretic peptide (BNP), in the general community, focusing on their relative differences in worsening human hypertension. Although ANP and BNP are well-characterized regulators of blood pressure in humans, little is ...

Despite growing evidence of autonomic nervous system involvement in the regulation of cerebral blood flow, the specific contribution of cholinergic vasodilation to cerebral autoregulation remains unknown. We examined cerebral and forearm blood flow responses to augmented arterial pressure oscillations with and without cholinergic blockade. Oscillatory lower body negative pressure was ...

Cardiovascular remodeling found in later phases of two-kidney, one-clip (2K1C) hypertension may involve key mechanisms particularly including MMP-2, oxidative stress, transforming grow factor-β (TGF-β), and inactivation of the endogenous MMP inhibitor, the tissue inhibitor of MMP (TIMP)-4. We examined whether temporal cardiac remodeling resulting from 2K1C hypertension occurs concomitantly with ...

The pressure output of a pump cannot be increased simply by connecting several of them in series. This barrier is eliminated with the micro pump developed in this work. The pump is actually an assembly of a number of fundamental pump units connected in series. The maximum pressure output of ...

It has become apparent that noncardiovascular drugs can affect blood pressure (BP) in an off-target manner, either by raising or lowering pressure or by negating the beneficial hypotensive effect of concomitantly prescribed antihypertensives. This paper presents compelling evidence that ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) should be used to detect BP ...

The aim of this study was to compare the effectiveness of transient prehypertensive treatment with losartan compared with amlodipine in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) on long-term blood pressure (BP), cardiac and renal protection. SHRs were prehypertensively treated with losartan, amlodipine or saline. Rats were followed up until 46 weeks of age. ...

Oxidative stress induced by hypertension has been reported to cause alterations in neural cytoarchitecture and cognitive dysfunction. Green tea catechins, especially (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate (EGCG), have potent antioxidative properties and protect against various oxidative damages. In this study, we examined the impact of hypertension in rats on locomotor activity, learning, and memory, ...

Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) is present in the heart and thought to exert protective functions. We conducted studies in ACE2 deficient mice to determine whether enzyme loss would exacerbate the cardiac and vascular pathological responses to chronic subcutaneous (sc) angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion. Eight-week-old male ACE2 knockout (KO) and ...

Background: Pressure-overload is known to be a cause of cardiac hypertrophy that often transits to heart failure. Although nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) is a key factor in the progression of cardiac hypertrophy, its pathophisiology is yet to be elucidated. Thus, we aimed to show that inhibition of NF-kappaB activation improves pressure ...

ObjectiveTo systematically review current studies on the effects of adenotonsillectomy (T&A) for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on cardiovascular parameters in children.Data SourcesPubMed database.Review MethodsA comprehensive PubMed MeSH search was done between 1970 and 2012.ResultsFourteen articles were included. The total number of children was 418. The mean sample size was 30 ...

Blood pressure measurement is an essential physiological measurement for all critically ill patients. Previous work has shown that non-invasive blood pressure is not an accurate reflection of invasive blood pressure measurement. In a transport environment, the effects of motion and vibration may make non-invasive blood pressure less accurate. Consecutive critically ...

The influences of intrathoracic pressure (ITP) to hemodynamic and respiratory parameters during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are confusing. In this research, we investigated the phasic changes of ITP during CPR and reveal the relationships among the hemodynamics, respiratory parameters, and ITP. After 8 minutes of untreated ventricular fibrillation, which was induced ...

The aim of this study was to evaluate cardiovascular autonomic function in a rodent obesity model induced by monosodium glutamate injections during the first seven days of life. The animals were assigned to control (control, n = 10) and monosodium glutamate (monosodium glutamate, n = 13) groups. Thirty-three weeks after ...

To investigate the effect of Khat (Catha edulis) acute administration on blood pressure (BP) and electrocardiogram (ECG) in vivo. This study was performed between January and February 2009 at the Physiology Laboratory, Medical College of King Khalid University, Abha, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Two groups of Wistar rats (n=10), weighing ...

An exaggerated elevation in blood pressure around waking potentially increases the risk of cardiovascular events, even in individuals with normal blood pressure at other-fold of day. The impact of such a transient blood pressure elevation is disproportionate to its short duration, and the reason has not been elucidated. We hypothesize ...

Transpulmonary thermodilution (TPTD) is an increasingly popular method used to monitor the complex hemodynamic changes in critically ill children. The purpose of our study was to examine the relationship between transthoracic echocardiographic (TTE) parameters and global hemodynamic variables derived from TPTD and those derived from conventional measurements in infants and ...

Orthostatic hypotension (OH) has traditionally been associated with falls (). However, data has been inconsistent, and some believe that more research in the area is needed before a true link can be made (A. ). OH, a drop in systolic pressure of ≥ 20 points or in diastolic pressure of ...

OBJECTIVE: Hypertension is the most common comorbidity among heart failure (HF) patients and has been independently linked with cognitive impairment. Cognitive impairment is prevalent among HF patients, though the extent to which hypertension contributes to cognitive function in this population is unclear. METHODS: 116 HF patients (31.0% women, 67.68±11.16years) completed ...

BACKGROUND: -Primary Aldosteronism (PA) is common and associates with excess cardiovascular morbidity independent of blood pressure. Exposure to aldosterone and sodium leads to cardiac fibrosis and hypertrophy in humans and animals possibly mediated by inflammation and oxidative stress. We aimed to clarify the effects of aldosterone excess on myocardial structure ...

INTRODUCTION:Phenylephrine is used to prevent and treat hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. The optimal administration regimen is undetermined. We used a noninvasive cardiac output monitor to test the hypothesis that a fixed-rate phenylephrine infusion regimen would cause a smaller reduction in maternal cardiac output, and result in less ...

AIMS: Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is an intracellular inhibitor of the central nervous system actions of angiotensin II on blood pressure. Considering that angiotensin II actions at the nucleus of the solitary tract are important for the maintenance of hypertension in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR), we tested if increased ...

OBJECTIVE: High-quality chest-compressions are of paramount importance for survival and good neurological outcome after cardiac arrest. However, even healthcare professionals have difficulty performing effective chest-compressions, and quality may be further reduced during transport. We compared a mechanical chest-compression device (Lund University Cardiac Assist System [LUCAS]; Jolife, Lund, Sweden) and manual ...

BACKGROUND: Cardiac remodeling in response to pressure or volume overload plays an important role in the pathogenesis of heart failure. Various mechanisms have been suggested to translate mechanical stress into structural changes, one of them being the release of humoral factors such as angiotensin II or endothelin-1, which in turn ...

α-Melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) regulates important physiological functions including energy homeostasis and inflammation. Potent analogues of α-MSH, [Nle(4), D-Phe(7)]-α-MSH (NDP-α-MSH) and melanotan-II (MT-II), are widely used in pharmacological studies, but the hemodynamic effects associated with their systemic administration have not been thoroughly examined. Therefore, we investigated the hemodynamic actions of these ...

ABSTRACT: Recent studies have shown that long-term cocaine use induces diastolic impairment and a myocardial oxidative stress. Recently, we have reported that cocaine-induced cardiac dysfunction may be due to a mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction which occurs at the same time as xanthine oxidase (XO) activation. In this work, ...

INTRODUCTION: The patient population has changed and the cardiothoracic team are now operating on patients with more co-morbidity. One of the significant aspects of this increased co-morbidity, which affects both short- and long-term outcomes, is compromised left ventricular function. Intra-aortic balloon pump (IABP) technology offers these patients and the cardiac ...

Previous studies including ours showed that cyclosporine (CSA) causes baroreflex dysfunction and hypertension. Here we tested the hypothesis that oxidative damage in central and peripheral tissues underlies the hypertensive, baroreflex and autonomic actions elicited by CSA in rats. We investigated the effects of individual and combined 7-day treatments with CSA ...

Reliable assessment of cerebrovascular effectiveness in buffering against pressure fluctuations may have important implications for the timing and the outcome of therapy after adverse cerebrovascular events. Though linear approaches may indicate the presence or absence of cerebral autoregulation, they are inadequate to describe its characteristics and its effectiveness. Establishing a ...

BACKGROUND: After repair of tetralogy of Fallot, some patients experience a low cardiac output state owing to right ventricular diastolic failure. Negative-pressure ventilation has been shown to improve cardiac output in these patients. What has not been evaluated is the effect of extubation and loading of the respiratory muscles on ...

BACKGROUND: It was hypothesized that patients who are preload dependent, as demonstrated by a >12% increase in cardiac output in response to a passive leg raise test, would be more likely to exhibit hypotension during spinal anesthesia for cesarean delivery. METHODS: Cardiac output response to the passive leg raise test ...

AIM: To evaluate the association between cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) quality and hemodynamic measurements during in-hospital pediatric cardiac arrest. We hypothesized that AHA recommended CPR rate and depth targets would be associated with systolic blood pressures ≥ 80mmHg and diastolic blood pressures ≥ 30mmHg. METHODS: In children and adolescents<18 years of ...

Constrictive pericarditis is a rare clinical entity that can pose diagnostic problems. The gold standard for diagnosis is cardiac catheterization with analysis of intracavitary pressure curves, which are high and, in end-diastole, equal in all chambers. The diastolic profile in both ventricles presents the classic dip-and-plateau pattern and the difference ...

The aim of this study was to compare the effect of 6% hydroxyl ethyl starch solution with 4% gelatin and Ringer's solutions on the haemodynamic stability of patients after coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery and immediately after discontinuation of cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB). This was a randomised, double-blind clinical trial ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: The use of mechanical cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) has great potential for the clinical setting. The purpose of present study is to compare the hemodynamics and ventilation during and after the load-distributing band CPR, versus the manual CPR in a porcine model of prolonged cardiac arrest, and to investigate ...