Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) and prone position (PP) are frequently used in the treatment of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We compared the gas exchange and hemodynamic effects induced by the combination of NO inhalation and PP in patients with ARDS and analyzed whether or not pulmonary (Pu) and extrapulmonary ...

The HemoDynamics Systems enabler is a new cardiac assist pump that can expel blood from the left ventricle and provide pulsatile flow in the aorta. We evaluated the efficacy of the 18 Fr enabler. The enabler was inserted from the left ventricular apex into the ascending aorta in eight sheep. ...

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic parathyroidectomy and thyroidectomy were introduced into clinical practice in 1995. Concerns about the use of carbon dioxide insufflation in the neck exist owing to reports of potential adverse metabolic and hemodynamic changes. HYPOTHESIS: Carbon dioxide insufflation in the neck may cause adverse effects on hemodynamic and blood gas ...

Controlled hypercapnia was assessed for its effectiveness in raising cerebrospinal fluid pressure to enable descent of the suprasellar portion of pituitary macroadenomas during transsphenoidal surgery. The result was compared in a randomized, single blind trial with intermittent boluses of saline injected intrathecally. Intrathecal pressures were monitored in both groups. Twenty-seven ...

Abnormal cardiovascular control after spinal cord injury (SCI) results in hypotension soon after injury. Later, paroxysmal hypertension and bradycardia in response to sensory stimulation below the level of injury develop in most people with SCI. In this study, we used a radiotelemetry system, in rats (n = 7), to investigate ...

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of multiple mechanical forces in hemolysis. Specific attention is focused on the effects of shear and pressure. An experimental apparatus consisting of a rotational viscometer, compression chamber, and heat exchanger was prepared to apply multiple mechanical forces to a blood ...

We report on 4 cases of abdominal compartment syndrome complicated by acute renal failure that were promptly reversed by different abdominal decompression methods. Case 1: A 57-year-old obese woman in the post-operative period after giant incisional hernia correction with an intra-abdominal pressure of 24 mm Hg. She was sedated and ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine whether generation of negative intrathoracic pressure during apnea would cause more pronounced and sustained reductions in cardiac output in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF) than in healthy subjects. DESIGN: Physiologic intervention study. SETTING: Cardiorespiratory physiology laboratory. PARTICIPANTS: Nine patients with CHF and nine healthy control ...

Intraosseous pressure generated by the use of three anesthetic systems-the Wand; a hand-operated high-pressure periodontal ligament (PDL) syringe; and the Stabident system-were studied in fresh mandibles of 14 large swine. The mandibles were drilled and tapped in one area of both the right and left posterior molar regions. Pressure gauges ...

BACKGROUND: Intracavity infusion of fibrin sealant-based agents, as a novel modality to control internal bleeding, is associated with an increase of pneumoperitoneum (PP) pressure. The safe limit of such increase has not been well defined in hypovolemic subjects. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the hemodynamic and metabolic ...

To evaluate the ability of arteriovenous carbon dioxide removal (AVCO2R) to maintain hemodynamic stability during treatment of adult respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), we used our smoke/burn, LD40 sheep model of ARDS. With onset of ARDS (PaO2/FiO2 < 200) animals were randomized to AVCO2R (n = 20) or SHAM (n = ...

The present study was performed to compare the resting level of arterial blood pressure when monitored for 24 h/day in outbred Swiss Webster (SW) and inbred C57BL/ 6J, A/J, C3HeB/FeJ, and SWR/J mice. Mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heart rate (HR) varied throughout the day, with maximal values observed in ...

OBJECTIVE: To find out the effect of standardised stress on the load of the inguinal region. DESIGN: Experimental study. SETTING: Surgical university clinic, Germany. SUBJECTS: 15 uncastrated adult male pigs. INTERVENTIONS: The tension force between the lateral edge of the rectus sheath and the base of the inguinal ligament was ...

An implantable flow-through blood pressure sensor prototype has been developed for use with an implantable left ventricular assist device (LVAD). This sensor incorporates a flat pressure-sensing diaphragm that is designed to be integral with the wall of a titanium tube that may be placed in the inlet or the outlet ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether physical examination alone or in combination with biochemical markers can accurately diagnose hypoperfusion. METHODS: Data from 264 consecutive surgical intensive care unit patients were collected by two intensivists and included extremity temperature, vital signs, arterial lactate, arterial blood gases, hemoglobin, and pulmonary artery catheter values with ...

Pseudohypertension is the artifactual elevation of blood pressure that occurs secondary to noncompressible blood vessels. It has been described in patients with uremia, diabetes mellitus, and severe atherosclerosis. If unrecognized, the condition may lead to inappropriate and potentially harmful therapy. We report a case of pseudohypertension in a 65-year-old man ...

OBJECTIVE: To report abnormal changes in lower leg anterior compartment pressure in 1 subject who consumed creatine as a dietary supplement. BACKGROUND: The subject received creatine at a dosage of 0.3 g.kg body mass(-1).d(-1) for 6 days, followed by 0.03 g.kg body mass(-1).d(-1) for 28 days. Thereafter, the subject consumed ...

The region of Diwalwal, dominated by Mt. Diwata, is a gold rush area on Mindanao (Philippines) where approximately 15000 people live. The fertile plain of Monkayo is situated downstream, where people grow crops such as rice and bananas; locally caught fish is eaten frequently. The ore is dug in small-scale ...

OBJECTIVE: Transcranial Doppler (TCD) flow velocity (FV) assessment may provide a useful index of autoregulatory impairment after severe head injury. It may define a therapeutic end point against which cerebral perfusion pressure (CPP) can be titrated. This study examines the relationship between cerebral blood flow (CBF) and TCD FV indices ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe the normal relationships between brain tissue oxygen tension (PbrO2) and physiological parameters of systemic blood pressure and CO2 concentrations. METHODS: Licox Clark-type oxygen probes (GMS mbH, Kiel, Germany) were inserted in the frontal white matter of 12 swine maintained under general anesthesia with a 1.0 fraction of ...

We investigated whether enhanced expression of alphaB crystallin, a stress-inducible molecular chaperone of the small heat shock family, can protect myocardial contractile apparatus against ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. Transgenic mice overexpressing alphaB crystallin were generated using the 0.76 kb rat alphaB crystallin cDNA cloned into a pCAGGS plasmid driven by ...

Mitral stenosis (MS) is associated with elevated left atrial pressure, increased pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), and pulmonary hypertension (PH). The hemodynamic effects of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) in adults with MS are unknown. We sought to determine the acute hemodynamic effects of inhaled NO in adults with MS and PH. ...

In a retrospective review of patients subjected to right heart catheterization, case records from 109 consecutive patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and wedge pressure > or =15 mm Hg on exercise were analyzed. Patients were separated into group 1, resting wedge pressure (P macro w) <15 mm Hg ...

BACKGROUND: We attempted to predict the posttransplant cardiac function of nonbeating donor hearts. METHODS: A total of 13 dogs were studied. Hearts were left in situ for 45 minutes after cardiac arrest caused by exsanguination. Hearts were then excised and reperfused in an ex vivo perfusion apparatus after 60 minutes ...

OBJECTIVE: Postinterventional irradiation is a new therapeutic concept in the prevention of restenosis. The liquid beta-emitter Rhenium-188 allows endovascular brachytherapy using a conventional balloon catheter without the problem of centering the radiation source. In an animal model of restenosis the feasibility and the dose dependent effect of intravascular brachytherapy with ...

OBJECTIVE: Erythromycin exhibits prokinetic properties. The drug enhances esophageal and gastric motility by acting as a motilin agonist and promoting acetylocholine release. 5-HT3 receptors are involved in the spontaneously occurring migrating motor complex and the effect of erythromycin on antral motility in dogs. The aim of the study was to ...

Visceromotor responses and vasopressin release before and after colonic visceral distension were compared between male (n=5 (n=4 for vasopressin)) and female rats and between females during the oestrous cycle (proestrus n=6, oestrus n=5, metestrus n=5, diestrus n=6) at a controlled depth of anaesthesia. Pre-stimulation vasopressin and blood pressures demonstrated oestrous ...

BACKGROUND: Endoscopic endocrine neck surgery requires insufflation with carbon dioxide (CO(2)) at 10 to 15 mm Hg, which may decrease the cerebral venous return and increase intracranial pressure. This study evaluated the effect of CO(2) neck insufflation on intracranial pressure (ICP) and hemodynamic parameters. METHODS: Fifteen pigs underwent endoscopic thyroid ...

BACKGROUND: The hypoxemia of the hepatopulmonary syndrome, seen in patients with severe chronic liver dysfunction, results from widespread pulmonary vasodilation. No established drug therapy is available for this condition. OBJECTIVE: To study the effect of methylene blue, a potent inhibitor of guanylate cyclase, in patients with severe hepatopulmonary syndrome. DESIGN: ...

BACKGROUND: It is unclear why some morbidly obese individuals have waking alveolar hypoventilation while others with similar obesity do not. Some evidence suggests that patients with the obesity hypoventilation syndrome (OHS) may have a measurable premorbid impairment of ventilatory chemoresponsiveness. Such an impairment of ventilatory chemoresponsiveness in OHS, however, may ...

Purpose: To investigate the influence of the height of the infusion bottle and vacuum pressure on the development of an occlusion break surge in an in vitro model of the anterior chamber of the eye.Methods: We employed a rigid chamber device to simulate the anterior chamber of the human eye ...

The aim of this study was to test whether immobilization and intravenous volume load as stressors influence the intraocular pressure in rabbits. Rabbits were immobilized for 1 h in a horizontally placed plastic tube with an internal diameter of 13.2 cm and a length of 33.2 cm. After immobilization, rabbits ...

A 49-year-old man with herpes simplex encephalitis at age 22 was admitted with hypotension (90/60 mm Hg) and hypothermia (33.7 degrees C). His blood pressure was 80-90/50-60 mm Hg, with temperatures averaging 35 degrees C, for at least 3 years before admission. Evaluation of his hypothermia and hypotension revealed a ...

We compared the effects a novel recombinant tissue-type plasminogen activator (rt-PA) E6010 with the more conventional therapeutic agent alteplase in a new canine model of life-threatening acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APTE). Fifty milliliters of autologous blood was obtained from anesthetized, adult mongrel dogs and mixed with 10,000 units of thrombin. The ...

BACKGROUND: The successful treatment of cardiac failure by heart transplantation is severely limited by the shortage of donor organs, and alternative surgical approaches are needed. An experimental approach that holds considerable promise is the skeletal muscle ventricle (SMV), an auxiliary blood pump formed from a pedicled graft of latissimus dorsi ...

OBJECT: The purpose of this study is to clarify the whole pressure environment of the ventriculoperitoneal (VP) shunt system in patients with successfully treated hydrocephalus and to determine which factor of the pressure environment has a preventive effect on overdrainage. METHODS: Thirteen patients with hydrocephalus who had been treated with ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether arterial wall hypertrophy in elastic arteries was associated with alteration in their mechanical properties in young patients with Williams syndrome. METHODS: Arterial pressure and intima-media thickness, cross sectional compliance, distensibility, circumferential wall stress, and incremental elastic modulus of the common carotid artery were measured non-invasively in ...

OBJECTIVE: The pathogenesis of noncardiac chest pain is unclear. Increased gastroesophageal reflux and decreased pain thresholds to intraesophageal balloon distension have been demonstrated in a proportion of such patients. We aimed to investigate whether acid exposure sensitizes esophageal mechanoreceptors in healthy volunteers. METHODS: After an overnight fast, an infinitely compliant ...

OBJECTIVE: The laryngeal chemoreflex (LCR) is a model for investigating the sudden infant death syndrome. The severity of the LCR-induced response may vary. This study examines the conditions under which recovery from the LCR-induced apnea occurs. METHODS: Twenty-five piglets underwent normoxic laryngeal stimulation (Pao(2) > 70 mm Hg); 11 then ...

An anatomic study of the posterior interosseous nerve (PIN) in 20 cadaver upper limbs was performed to measure different segments of the PIN and its relationship with radius and ulna (results given as mean +/- SD). The length of the PIN from radial head to the arcade of Frohse (AF) ...

A 5 mm remaining length of root canal filling, after post space preparation, is commonly assumed to maintain sealing ability similar to that of the intact filling. Post spaces were prepared either immediately using hot pluggers, or later, using drills. The sealing ability of the fillings, 5 mm remaining length, ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To determine the safety and efficacy of thermal balloon therapy under variable intrauterine pressures and durations of treatment. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort study. (Canadian Task Force classification II-1). SETTING: University-affiliated teaching hospital. Patients. Sixty-six women with menorrhagia. INTERVENTION: Eighteen patients were treated with the ThermaChoice thermal balloon system for ...

BACKGROUND: Using Doppler color flow imaging, abnormal flow patterns were reported to occur with pulmonary artery (PA) dilation. We have frequently observed red signals in the main PA, suggesting reversed flow (RF) in patients without overt pulmonary hypertension. The clinical implication of these signals has not been extensively studied. PATIENTS ...

OBJECTIVE: To measure the effects of increasing mean arterial pressure (MAP) on systemic oxygen metabolism and regional tissue perfusion in septic shock. DESIGN: Prospective study. SETTING: Medical and surgical intensive care units of a tertiary care teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Ten patients with the diagnosis of septic shock who required pressor ...

CONTEXT: Measurement of pulsus paradoxus (PP) is one of several measures previously advocated in the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute asthma management guidelines: a pulsus of > 12 mm Hg warranted hospital admission. It is one of only a few measures that is not effort dependent and therefore important ...

New guidelines for the management of hypertension have been published in 1999 by the World Health Organization (WHO) and the International Society of Hypertension (ISH). The WHO/ISH Committee has adopted in principle the definition and classification of hypertension provided by the JNC VI (1997). The new classification defines a blood ...

We investigated the effect of hypothermia on the vasodilatory response of pial arterioles to hemorrhagic hypotension. The cranial window technique was combined with microscopic video recording in an experiment involving 20 cats anesthetized with pentobarbital. The animals were randomly assigned to either a normothermic or a hypothermic group (32 degrees ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the interface pressure between the leg and 8 different multilayer bandage systems during postural changes, exercise (walking), and over 2 days of wear time. DESIGN: Comparison of 8 different compression bandages under standardized conditions. SETTING: Department of Dermatology, University Hospital of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. PARTICIPANTS: A series ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The relationship between middle cerebral artery (MCA) flow velocity (CFV) and cerebral blood flow (CBF) is uncertain because of unknown vessel diameter response to physiological stimuli. The purpose of this study was to directly examine the effect of a simulated orthostatic stress (lower body negative pressure [LBNP]) ...

Intra-access flow (Qac), measured by ultrasound dilution, is a reliable method for screening for access dysfunction. Because of a reduced circulating volume and a relative decrease in blood pressure at the end of hemodialysis (HD), we hypothesized that Qac could be significantly reduced when measured late into HD. Fifty patients ...