OBJECTIVE: Recent studies have shown that high resting end tidal CO2 (PECO2) is a marker for blood pressure sensitivity to high sodium intake by normotensive humans. The present study investigated the association of resting PECO2 with resting blood pressure in participants in the Baltimore Longitudinal Study on Aging (BLSA). DESIGN: ...

BACKGROUND: The hypothesis was that low cerebral perfusion pressure is more common in women with mild preeclampsia as compared to those with severe preeclampsia, while high cerebral perfusion pressure is more common in women with severe preeclampsia than in women with mild preeclampsia. DESIGN: Prospective, observational study. SETTING: University teaching ...

The purpose of this study was to use the meta-analytic approach to examine the effects of aerobic exercise on resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure in women. Twenty-one studies representing 1029 subjects (663 exercise, 366 controls) and 54 primary outcomes (28 systolic, 26 diastolic) met the criteria for inclusion. Across ...

OBJECTIVE: This study investigates the biochemical and cardiovascular effects of L-arginine administration in normotensive pregnant women and women with preeclampsia. METHODS: The study groups consisted of 12 women with uncomplicated pregnancies and 17 preeclamptic patients, four of whom were on antihypertensive treatment. In both groups, saline infusion was started, followed ...

We assessed the validity of the Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) in a sample of sedentary adults (56 men, 134 women, mean age +/- [SD] 66.5+/-5.3 years) who volunteered to participate in a randomized controlled trial on the effect of aerobic conditioning on psychological function. Construct validity was ...

In several studies, artery wall properties have been shown to differ between men and women. It has been hypothesized that these differences may result from hormonal influences but, in a previous study, we were unable to detect any influence of the menstrual cycle on artery wall properties. Therefore, we investigated ...

Health awareness is a central issue in the control of hypertension. In a cross-sectional survey among 1727 women of > 30 years, 2 blood pressure recordings were done in 1686 cases. The prevalence of hypertension was found to be 13.1% (221 out of 1686 cases). A random sub sample of ...

BACKGROUND: The development of automatic instrumentation for ambulatory blood pressure monitoring makes it possible to follow the time-course of blood pressure variation over 24h or more in large groups of individuals. Whenever samples from a reference group of individuals are available, one may construct a prediction interval that is expected ...

In this study it was investigated whether the oral administration of melatonin (1 mg) in comparison to placebo was able to reduce blood pressure, vascular reactivity, and catecholamines in men, as previously reported in young women. The administration of melatonin significantly reduced blood pressure, the pulsatility index in the internal ...

The effect of a 2-mo treatment with transdermal estradiol (50 microgram/day) versus placebo on 24 h of blood pressure rhythm was investigated in 18 normotensive healthy postmenopausal women. Whereas daytime blood pressure was not modified, nighttime blood pressure was reduced by estradiol. Estradiol magnified the nocturnal decrement of systolic (14.3 ...

To determine whether perturbations of haemostatic function and lipoprotein metabolism prevail long after preeclampsia and increase the risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD), we conducted a follow-up study in women with (cases, n = 25) or without (controls, n = 24) a history of preeclampsia. Blood samples were taken ...

BACKGROUND: A possible association of glycemia with arterial hypertension has been suggested by the frequent co-occurrence of impaired glucose tolerance or Type 2 diabetes mellitus with arterial hypertension. The objective was to examine the relationship of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) concentration with arterial hypertension status in non-diabetic subjects. METHODS: A cross-sectional ...

The aim of this observational trial was to obtain clinical data from a large cohort of women using the new low-dose contraceptive (Miranova) and therefore to eliminate the restrictions which are normally present in clinical studies. Data were gathered in a clinical practice setting regarding cycle control and tolerance from ...

The measurement of blood pressure is an integral part of antenatal care. Mercury sphygmomanometry is the gold standard for the determination of indirect blood pressure and has been used in pregnancy from the time blood pressure was first associated with adverse obstetric outcome. However, there is good evidence that current ...

To examine the relationship between the concentrations of urinary NAG and age, we measured ratios of urinary N-acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase (NAG) to urinary creatinine (NAG index) in 137 healthy subjects, aged from 19 to 88 years. The study is also designed to evaluate the relationship between urinary NAG and blood pressure. The ...

A premeasurement period of 5 minutes quiet resting is recommended prior to measuring blood pressure. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of this period of rest on the level of blood pressure in pregnant women. One hundred pregnant women had their blood pressure measured on a ...

OBJECTIVE: To show how structural equation models might be used to better understand the ways in which risk factors influence blood pressure. METHODS: Nine measurements on 2009 women and 1518 men for whom there was complete data both at time 1 and at time 8 of the Framingham Heart Study ...

Calcium intake during the third trimester of pregnancy was determined in 82 pregnant women by recording the consumption of foods over a 5-day period and by calculation of the quantity of this element provided by dietary supplements. For each subject, blood pressures were measured once per week using an aneroid ...

This population-based study presents the blood pressure and heart rate responses to sudden changes in body position in representative groups of men aged 30 (n = 50), 50 (n = 44) and 60 (n = 69) years, using an unbiased method for non-invasive blood pressure measurements. Blood pressure and heart ...

The association between elevated blood pressure and low rates of self-reported problems has been hypothesized to be mediated by defensiveness. In a population screening study in which 1,120 women and 903 men between 20 and 55 years of age participated, multiple resting home blood pressure measurements were performed and questionnaires ...

OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether anxiety and depression were independently associated with elevated blood pressure in elderly persons. METHOD: The study group consisted of 1389 subjects aged 59 to 71 years recruited from the electoral rolls of the city of Nantes (France). Subjects completed the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale ...

This paper examines the relationship between smoking levels and blood pressure patterns of normotensive pregnant women in a prospective cohort of 2193 primiparous and 3176 multiparous, normotensive, Caucasian women selected from the Child Health and Development Studies in Oakland, California, 1959-67. Regression lines were fitted to each woman's blood pressure; ...

The powerful effect of psychosocial and acculturating influences on population blood pressure trends seems to be confirmed, through longitudinal observations, in the nuns in a secluded order. After initial observations had been made on culture, body form, blood pressure, diet, and other variables in 144 nuns and 138 lay women, ...

AIM: To define the normal range of systolic blood pressure in a non-selective population based sample of babies of low gestation throughout early infancy. METHODS: Daily measurements of systolic blood pressure were made in all the babies of less than 32 weeks gestation born in the North of England in ...

Diastolic blood pressure was viewed as a generic indicator of aging, and its association with cumulative work time was studied after controlling for age as a potential confounding factor. The study was conducted among production line workers at a Brazilian tannery in July 1993. The association between diastolic blood pressure ...

Blood pressure was measured indirectly in 203 cats using an oscillometric technique in conjunction with a tail cuff. Systolic blood pressure was found to be log normally distributed across the population, while diastolic pressure was log log normally distributed. Blood pressure was found to rise with age (systolic, diastolic, mean ...

There is a sexual dimorphism in blood pressure: men tend to have higher blood pressures than women with functional ovaries, whereas ovariectomy or menopause tends to abolish the sexual dimorphism and cause women to develop a "male" pattern of blood pressure. Synthetic estrogens and progestins, found in oral contraceptives, tend ...

The mechanisms underlying the increased cardiovascular risk after menopause are incompletely known. To investigate whether menopause may induce left ventricular structural and functional adaptations in normotensive and hypertensive women, we compared in a case-control setting (1) 76 untreated hypertensive premenopausal women with 76 postmenopausal women and (2) 30 normotensive premenopausal ...

OBJECTIVES: The association between job strain and ambulatory blood pressure was studied among female white-collar workers. METHODS: This cross-sectional investigation studied 210 women in high- or low-strain jobs randomly selected from 3183 women of all ages, employed as white-collar workers. The women wore an ambulatory blood pressure monitor for 24 ...

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the safety of treating pre-eclampsia with magnesium sulfate, with clinical determinants used for drug discontinuation. STUDY DESIGN: One hundred sixty-eight patients were enrolled. After delivery, women with mild pre-eclampsia received a minimum of 6 hours of intravenous magnesium sulfate, whereas women ...

Four patients, three women and one man, with a mean age of 32 years, presented with a history of recurrent parotid swelling. In the women the swelling was unilateral. All had previously undergone sialography using a hand injection technique and no structural abnormality was demonstrated. Sialography was repeated using a ...

Hormone replacement therapy (HRT, estrogen plus progestagen) in postmenopausal women has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system. However, effects on blood pressure, determined with office measurements, remain controversial. We studied the effects of HRT in 29 healthy normotensive postmenopausal women (mean age 52.3 [3.8] years, median duration of amenorrhea 34.5 ...

BACKGROUND: There is debate about whether diastolic blood pressure should be recorded as the fourth (muffling, K4) or fifth (disappearance, K5) Korotkoff sound in pregnancy. We compared maternal and fetal outcomes and the likelihood that episodes of severe hypertension would be recorded when hypertensive pregnancies were managed according to either ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether measured differences between standard mercury sphygmomanometry and the SpaceLabs 90207 ambulatory blood pressure monitor in pregnant women remain constant during 24 h measurements. STUDY DESIGN: Repeated comparisons between standard mercury sphygmomanometry and Spacelabs 90207 were performed at nine predetermined time points during 24 h ambulatory blood ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the trends in blood pressure levels and hypertension control in Finland from 1982 to 1997. DESIGN: Four independent cross-sectional population surveys conducted in 1982, 1987, 1992 and 1997. SETTING: From 1982 to 1997, the provinces of North Karelia and Kuopio in eastern Finland and the region of ...

OBJECTIVE: To examine the interaction between gender and John Henryism in relationship to arterial blood pressure in an African American community in the Southern United States. It was hypothesized that, within this specific social and cultural context, John Henryism would be associated with blood pressure differently for men and women. ...

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the level of undertreatment of hypertension in a population-based study by taking into account the co-existence of additional cardiovascular risk factors in untreated hypertensives, uncontrolled blood pressure among pharmacologically treated hypertensives and within-person variability in blood pressure and total cholesterol. DESIGN: Cross-sectional. SETTING: Two population-based surveys on ...

This prospective study was designed to investigate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on systolic and diastolic functions. Twenty-eight non-smoking, healthy postmenopausal women who had not received any kind of HRT for at least three years within the onset of menopause were included in the study. All patients received ...

Menopause is a normal aging phenomenon in women and consists of the gradual transition from the reproductive to the non-reproductive phase of life. The median age at the menopause is currently around 50 years. As a result of the increasing life expectancy in the first and second worlds, many women ...

Current guidelines recommend using Korotkoff phase IV for measuring diastolic blood pressure in pregnant women. However, phase IV does not approximate "true" blood pressure as closely as phase V, is more difficult to detect, and has limited reproducibility. Many practitioners use phase V despite the guidelines. Universal adoption of phase ...

The sympathetic nervous system participates in the regulation of carbohydrate, lipid, and energy metabolism, and has been implicated in the pathogenesis of hypertension and obesity. Increased sympathetic nervous system activity with age may alter disease risk and contribute to the development of certain chronic diseases. Thus, we examined possible determinants ...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension is an essential risk factor for development of cardiovascular diseases. Prospective studies show a reduction in risk of myocardial infarction with reduction of blood pressure. In Denmark there was a decrease in ischaemic heart disease mortality during the period (1968-1992) with around 34% in 30-65 year old men ...

To explain why speech produces cardiovascular reactivity, an experiment utilized speech tasks varying in self-disclosure and cognitive preparation and measured the blood pressure and pulse rate of African-American and Caucasian, men and women subjects. One hundred and fifty-six college students with a median age of 21 volunteered to participate. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess cognitive functions and their correlates for a dementia-free cohort of old patients with isolated systolic hypertension. DESIGN: Cross-sectional data from the randomization period of the European Trial in Elderly with Systolic Hypertension (Syst-Eur Vascular Dementia Project). SETTING: Sixteen European countries and Israel. PARTICIPANTS: We studied 2252 patients ...

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on left ventricular diastolic function in a group of hypertensive and normotensive postmenopausal women. METHODS: Left ventricular diastolic function at rest was evaluated by M-mode, two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography in 19 postmenopausal women with normal blood pressure and 11 postmenopausal ...

A randomised controlled trial was performed at the Queen Elizabeth Hospital to compare the effects and acceptance of routine in-patient versus out-patient management of diastolic blood pressure between 90 and 100 mm Hg in pregnant women. There were no significant differences in the establishment of the diagnosis of hypertension, development ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine the haemostatic status in preeclampsia and to investigate the effects of short-term use of anti-hypertensive drugs, methyldopa and isradipine. METHODS: Thirty preeclamptic (PE) women admitted to the hospital for observation and treatment were randomized to receive either methyldopa or isradipine for 2 weeks. Their blood pressure were ...

OBJECTIVES: We sought to evaluate the circulating levels of lipid peroxides and vitamin E and the placental levels of lipid peroxides in pregnant women with different types of hypertension. STUDY DESIGN: Lipid peroxides were measured in serum and placental tissue by the thiobarbituric acid method and high-pressure liquid chromatography, and ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether automated measurement of blood pressure and pulse in a home setting can be easily accomplished by pregnant women with chronic hypertension. STUDY DESIGN: In this prospective investigation, seven women with chronic hypertension complicating pregnancy recorded their blood pressure at home twice a day. These data were ...

A voluntary, anonymous 10-point multiple choice questionnaire was used to assess variability in methods used to measure blood pressure in pregnancy in 5 South Australian teaching hospitals. Medical and midwifery staff working in maternity units attached to teaching hospitals in South Australia were asked to complete a survey of their ...