The prevalence of controlled and uncontrolled hypertension in the United States is lower for persons ethnically classified as Asian, particularly Japanese and excepting Filipinos, than for the general population. In this study, measurements of blood pressure were taken of 8,353 adults living in California, including 1,757 Asians and Pacific Islanders, ...

A case-control study of hypertension was conducted, using as a sampling frame a cross-sectional survey of Canadian Federal civil servants. Three case groups were selected, based on prior knowledge of hypertensive status and measured blood pressure. A 3-to-1 matching scheme was employed. Data was analysed using a logistic regression model. ...

Although experience is still limited and more research is needed, the World Hypertension League recommends self-measurement of blood pressure in selected patients as an additional source of information to the practising physician, and as a way of encouraging patients to participate more actively in the therapeutic regimen.

Abstract High blood pressure is a major public health problem in the United States. However, the underlying reasons for the chronic elevation of blood pressure (BP) are unknown in most cases of hypertension (HT), and medical care has focused on lowering already elevated BP, primarily by pharmacologic means. Although an ...

Arteriolar nephrosclerosis was observed at necropsy in 26 of 38 woolly monkeys (Lagothrix lagotricha). This lesion is the earliest histologic change associated with hypertension in humans. Seventeen of the monkeys had died of congestive heart failure, renal failure or acute cardiovascular accident, complications similar to those seen in human hypertension. ...

We have compared hypertensive target organ damage with home blood pressure readings (HBPs) and with office blood pressure readings (OBPs) in 100 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. The correlation between blood pressure levels and hypertensive target organ damage in HBPs and OBPs were similar (r = .42, p ...

Increases in disability and work loss have been noted following hypertension identification and treatment. To determine if iatrogenic disability is a necessary side-effect of successful treatment, self-reports of days lost from work and days spent in bed because of illness in the year before interview were compared in 1972 and ...

Six black hypertensive patients responded favorably to treatment with verapamil hydrochloride (Isoptin). The patients were participants in a larger study.

The anteroventral part of the hypothalamus adjacent to the third ventricle (AV3V) has been implicated in electrolytic lesion studies as a site crucial to the development and maintenance of hypertension. Cryoblockade is known to alter synaptic and axonal transmission differently at different temperatures. In this study, cooling of the hypothalamus, ...

Alterations in electrolyte transport across cell membrane of vascular smooth muscle (VSM) and changes in hemodynamics [increased extracellular fluid volume (ECFV) and cardiac output (C.O.)] have been implicated in the pathogenetic mechanisms of both mineralocorticoid-induced hypertension (MH) and essential hypertension (EH). We have previously found that mineralocorticoids (MC) can act ...

In community surveys of hypertension control the diagnosis is often based on blood pressure measurements taken on only one visit. The clinical diagnosis of hypertension requires demonstration of sustained blood pressure elevation. We conducted a survey that contrasted the results of these two approaches to determining the prevalence of hypertension ...

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a major complication of hypertension. It is a major risk factor for mortality, including sudden death. Although LVH is not always directly related to the level of blood pressure (BP), it occurs early in the course of hypertension. In the early stages of hypertension, LVH ...

We examined hypertension control during the Israel doctors' strike in a defined insured population of known hypertensives enrolled in a nurse-based hypertension control program. The strike was associated with a measurable increase in the prevalence of uncontrolled hypertension which was limited to males of relatively higher social class. No strike-related ...

During routine physical examination under ketamine sedation, 140 blood pressure measurements from male and 170 from female chimpanzees were derived over a period of 3 yr. Statistical analysis revealed generally no differences between the sexes but significant increases of both systolic and diastolic blood pressure with increasing age. The data ...

Hypertension is a well-known finding in some patients with neuroblastoma. However, it has not previously been described in association with the use of Imipramine. We report the occurrence of severe hypertension (blood pressure 190/160) in a 4-year-old girl with neuroblastoma who was given Imipramine to control a behavior disorder. It ...

In 205 patients with histologically evaluated glomerulonephritis, 69 patients with essential hypertension and 12 patients with renovascular hypertension, the retina was examined and evaluated by fundus photography. Changes of the retina were classified according to the recommendations of WHO: mild to severe changes of retinal arteries were termed as mild ...

A case of severe hypertension during labor after Naloxone injection is described in a patient with previous mild hypertension. The interaction of andogenous opioids and opiate antagonists, and their role in the control of blood pressure is discussed. Opiate antagonists should be given with caution to obstetric patients with mild ...

To examine the role of an ouabain-like factor (OLF) in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in hypertension, we examined plasma levels of OLF in a malignant form of one-kidney, one wrap (1K,1W) hypertension. Two weeks after the induction of hypertension plasma OLF increased to 282% compared to control animals. Additionally, ...

To study the impact of hypertension on conjunctival circulation, one group of healthy individuals and three groups of hypertensive patients (different stages of disease) were examined. Each participant had to undergo videomicroscopy to determine erythrocyte velocity in conjunctival capillaries, reactive hyperaemia and the diameter of the erythrocyte column within the ...

We evaluated the prevalence and control of hypertension in two Canadian cities without university medical centre facilities. A stratified multistage probability sample was selected, and we interviewed 6258 adults between the ages of 30 and 69 inclusive. Blood pressure measurements were obtained during home interviews. Up to two further visits ...

A hypertensive crisis with an arterial blood pressure of 280/180 mmHg developed immediately after an apparently successful removal of a phaeochromocytoma. The blood pressure could not be lowered by phentolamine and not until the administration of dihydralazine and furosemide was the systemic pressure normalized. In addition to residual high concentrations ...

Kallikrein and kininase activities were determined in urine of 58 hospitalized pregnant patients: 15 with E.P.H. gestosis, 10 with chronic hypertension, 18 with non proteinuric pregnancy induced hypertension, 15 with no hemodynamic disease as controls. All our cases with hypertension were treated with alpha-methyl-dopa. A significant increase in urinary kininase ...

A major focus of past and recent research in hypertension has been on the characterization of the nature of the vasculature changes which lead to the observed increase in total peripheral resistance responsible for the elevation of arterial pressure. Here we survey recent evidence which suggests that altered handling of ...

Two sets of data, derived from the WHO Cooperative Hypertension Community Control Project and concerned with spontaneous changes of blood pressure over a period of five years, are described. The first deals with the community as a whole, studied through the examination of two independent random samples of the same ...

The hypertension programme of the North Karelia Project aimed at lowering the high blood pressure level among the whole population. The influence of socioeconomic factors on the effect of reorganized hypertension care was analyzed among a cohort of 222 hypertensive patients during the five year follow-up. The fall in mean ...

Studies were performed in 86 patients with proven primary hyperparathyroidism pre-operatively and 6-7 months after parathyroidectomy. The 29% incidence of hypertension between patients with primary hyperparathyroidism is higher as compared with the incidence of hypertension in the general population. Systolic and diastolic blood pressures were significantly higher in patients with ...

The role of the nervous system in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular complications in hypertension has been clarified to a great extent in genetic rat models for hypertension, stroke and atherosclerosis, especially in the evolution of cardiovascular hypertrophy in hypertension, the most common process related to the pathogenesis and complications of ...

The appearance of superoxide anion radical in cerebral extracellular space during and after acute hypertension induced by intravenous norepinephrine was investigated in anesthetized cats equipped with cranial windows. Superoxide was detected by demonstrating the presence of superoxide dismutase-inhibitable reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium. The superoxide dismutase-inhibitable rate of reduction of nitroblue ...

A review of some recent epidemiological data suggests that the control of hypertension in Italy is still poor. Within 6 studies conducted along the last 12 years the proportion of treated hypertensives ranges 11 to 50%; that of hypertensives under proper control (less than 160 and 95 mmHg) 1 to ...

In a companion paper (Ann Surg 1985; 201(3):391-398), clinical data which suggest that neurogenic hypertension may be caused by arterial compression of the left medulla oblongata was presented. A chronic pathophysiologic animal model of neurogenic hypertension using a substitute for arterial pulsation, the neurovascular compression simulator (NCS), was developed. This ...

Haemorheological parameters including whole blood (WBF) and erythrocyte filterability (EF), haematocrit (H'ct), haemoglobin levels (Hb) and plasma fibrinogen concentration (PFC) were measured in 61 adult Nigerians with uncomplicated essential hypertension during the course of their routine anti-hypertensive treatment. Results from these patients were compared to those of 39 age and ...

Prevalence of hypertension, measured on a random sample of Penobscot Indian adults on reservation in Maine, was 23 per cent. Only 50 per cent of the hypertensive Penobscots were aware of their condition. Among those treated with antihypertensive medications, 56 per cent were controlled. When compared to a statewide sample ...

In a retrospective study of 311 male workers in an alkaline battery factory, the relationship between exposure to cadmium oxide and hypertension has been investigated. Blood pressure measurements, taken by the same physician, were available for a 30-yr period. When age-matched groups of hypertensive and normotensive workers were compared, employment ...

A pathogenic role for arterioles in hypertension has been postulated for many decades. Renal arteriolonecrosis, myointimal hyperplasia, and hyaline arteriolosclerosis are anatomic correlates of hypertension. The pathogenesis of these lesions is discussed as is contribution of these lesions to the perpetuation of hypertension. The importance of the extracellular matrix in ...

Data describing the 5,485 participants in the stepped-care group of the Hypertension Detection and Follow-up Program were reviewed to determine the apparent prevalence of renal parenchymal and reversible, secondary hypertension. The investigation was limited and was not designed to identify all cases of secondary hypertension. Baseline prevalence of proteinuria was ...

The role of serotonin (5HT) in the pathogenesis of ACTH-induced hypertension in sheep has been examined. The pressor responses to injections of 5HT (0.1-30 micrograms/kg) were similar in normotensive and hypertensive sheep. Prior treatment with the 5HT2 receptor antagonist ketanserin had no effect on the development of hypertension produced by ...

A 24-year-old woman with a two-year history of hypertension was hospitalized for coma and quadriplegia secondary to pontine hemorrhage. A seven-year history of intermittent severe headaches, diaphoresis, and anxiety together with persistent severe hypertension led to the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma. This unusual but devastating manifestation of pheochromocytoma illustrates the importance ...

In 1948 knowledge of the role of the central nervous system in controlling blood pressure was rudimentary and the possibility that the brain could contribute to hypertension was barely acknowledged. Over the past 35 years the development of new technologies, particularly those of the neurosciences, and their application to cardiovascular ...

Acute glucocorticoid (corticosterone) hypertension in the rate is significantly attenuated by neomycin administration (Honour 1981), as is ACTH-induced hypertension is the same species (Honour & Kent 1981) presumably by altering gut bacterial steroid metabolism. The effect on blood pressure of oral neomycin administration was therefore examined in hypertension resulting from ...

The workshop was successful in achieving its two major goals: (1) the scientific updating of research issues in pediatric blood pressure determinants and in pediatric hypertension, and (2) the delineation of future research objectives. These objectives are itemized at the end of the workshop proceedings and, in brief, center around ...

The U loops of vectorcardiograms (VCG) were recorded in 100 normal subjects and 123 subjects with hypertension, using a direct-writing vectorcardiograph with memory function. These U loops were examined qualitatively and quantitatively. Subjects with hypertension were classified into four groups on the basis of electrocardiographic findings, and the correlation between ...

The course of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis was followed in 81 children, 66 of whom were hypertensive on admission. Sixty-one hypertensive patients were available for follow-up; in seven (11.5%), hypertension recurred 1 to 9 days after initial blood pressure elevation had returned to normal. Thirteen initially normotensive patients were available for ...

The purpose of the present retrospective study was to examine the relationship between hypertension and abruptio placentae. Two hundred sixty-five consecutive cases of abruption were reviewed, with an emphasis on the occurrence and severity of hypertensive disease. The results confirm a close relationship between abruptio placentae and hypertension. The incidence ...

While the benefits obtained by treating moderate and severe hypertension are clearly documented, the same is not true for mild hypertension. Since mild hypertension (by any definition) is widely prevalent, therapeutic recommendations must not be made casually. The decision to treat mild hypertension must be made only after careful consideration ...

The pathogenesis of primary hypertension remains unknown despite extensive investigation. Recent publications provide evidence that primary hypertension may have its inception in childhood or possibly in infancy. Longitudinal studies are needed to determine whether the infant and child with primary hypertension becomes a hypertensive adult. What is also needed is ...

In four hypertensive patients, acute lowering of blood pressure by therapeutic or diagnostic procedures caused visual disturbances ranging from transient visual hallucinations to severe, long-lasting visual impairment. These symptoms were associated with occipital lobe cerebral infarcts that tended to occur in the border zones between the major cerebral arteries. The ...

Alexithymic and nonalexithymic hypertensives were assessed for severity of hypertension using a weighting system based on diastolic blood pressure, optic fundi, ECG, chest X ray, renal studies, and patient history. Outpatient hypertensives (diastolic blood pressure greater than 95 mm Hg) were selected as subjects because they are largely asymptomatic; thus, ...

Hypertension (blood pressure greater than 70 mm Hg on three days) was noted in 1.2% of all neonatal admissions to the intensive and intermediate care nurseries. During this investigation of neonatal hypertension, a retinopathy identical to that seen in hypertensive adults was noted. Indirect ophthalmoscopy was performed in 21 neonates ...

A 5-year follow-up study of a random sample of middle-aged hypertensives indicated that the North Karelia (Finland) Hypertension Detection Project was effective in reducing blood pressure levels. This analysis indicated that the intensification of drug treatment caused marked blood pressure reduction in the community, especially among individuals with previously undetected ...

In a house-to-house study of 318 Roodepoort Indians the prevalence of hypertension was 19% by 1962 World Health Organization criteria and 12% by 1978 WHO criteria. This change in criteria may lead to misinterpretation of trends in the prevalence of hypertension. The mean systolic and diastolic pressures rose with age. ...