Standard treatments available today for treating hypertension is diuretics, β-blockers, angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEs), angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs), calcium channel blockers, a-blockers, vasodilators, and centrally acting drugs. It is difficult to achieve the optimized renin angiotensin aldosterone system suppression with currently available antihypertensive agents, because ACE inhibitors, ARBs, and ...

Resistant hypertension (RH) is characterized by blood pressure above 140 × 90 mm Hg, despite the use, in appropriate doses, of three antihypertensive drug classes, including a diuretic, or the need of four classes to control blood pressure. Resistant hypertension patients are under a greater risk of presenting secondary causes of hypertension ...

The purpose of this study is to assess the utility of inferior orbital septum release compared with lateral canthotomy and inferior cantholysis for the treatment of orbital compartment syndrome. An experimental study design using a cadaver model for orbital compartment syndrome was used to compare the efficacy of inferior orbital ...

OBJECTIVE: To study the prevalence of hypertension and its determinants among adolescents in rural areas of Wardha. METHODS: The cross-sectional study was carried out in villages under PHC Talegaon (Talatule) of Wardha district of central India. Out of total population of 37,946 in the PHC, 7435 were adolescents. For the ...

Accurate mechanics measurements during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) facilitate optimizing ventilator support settings. Yet, these are substantially influenced by endotracheal tube (ETT) contributions which may dominate when leaks around uncuffed ETT are present. We hypothesized that 1) the effective removal of ETT leaks may be confirmed via direct comparison ...

Based on the Euler-Lagrange equation for ion density distribution in an inhomogeneous, charged, and hard-sphere fluid, a novel method is proposed to determine the interaction pressure between charged plates. The resulting expression is a sum of distinct physical contributions to the pressure, which involves different contributions to the single-particle direct ...

BACKGROUND: /st>This study was conducted to determine whether an alveolar recruitment strategy (ARS) applied during two-lung ventilation (TLV) just before starting one-lung ventilation (OLV) improves ventilatory efficiency. METHODS: /st>Subjects were randomly allocated to two groups: (i) control group: ventilation with tidal volume (VT) of 8 or 6 ml kg(-1) for ...

Betel quid is chewed by 600 million people worldwide and it has been linked to obesity and cardiovascular disease. The purpose of our study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of betel quid chewing in a rural area of Bangladesh, and determine its effects on body mass index (BMI) ...

OBJECTIVES:: To determine the validity of electrical impedance tomography to detect and quantify the amount of tidal recruitment caused by different positive end-expiratory pressure levels in a porcine acute lung injury model. DESIGN:: Randomized, controlled, prospective experimental study. SETTING:: Academic research laboratory. SUBJECTS:: Twelve anesthetized and mechanically ventilated pigs. INTERVENTIONS:: ...

BACKGROUND: Bedside ultrasound has been suggested as a non-invasive modality to estimate central venous pressure (CVP). OBJECTIVE: Evaluate a simple bedside ultrasound technique to measure the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) and correlate to simultaneously measured CVP. Secondary comparisons include anatomic location, probe orientation, and phase of respiration. ...

Living donor nephrectomy can be associated with increases in blood pressure several years following the procedure, but the best method to assess blood pressure during the living donor evaluation process is unclear. Living kidney donors underwent casual clinic and ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) and measurement of central aortic pressures ...

BACKGROUND: Pulmonary artery systolic pressure (PASP) is frequently measured noninvasively using transthoracic echocardiography. Normal values of PASP are based on studies performed in heterogeneous populations. The normal values of PASP in young healthy subjects are poorly defined. The aim of this study was to describe the distribution and clinical and ...

OBJECTIVE: To propose a novel noninvasive beat-to-beat arterial blood pressure measurement method based on the Korotkoff sound delay time (KDT) and evaluate its accuracy in preliminary experiments. METHODS: KDT decreases as the cuff pressure P deflates, which can be described by a function KDT=f (P). Actually, KDT is a function ...

PURPOSE: We developed a prototype device using an automatically controlled inflatable penile cuff to measure bladder voiding pressure continuously and non-invasively in men. The purpose of this study was to validate the pressure measurements made by this device by comparison to those during simultaneous invasive PFS. METHODS: A device was ...

Dehiscence of median sternotomy wounds remains a clinical problem. Wall forces in thin-walled pressure vessels can be calculated by membrane stress theory. An ellipsoid pressure vessel model of sternal forces is presented together with its application for optimal wire placement in the sternum. Sternal forces were calculated by computational simulation ...

INTRODUCTION: Non-Western cleaners have reported better psychosocial work environment but worse health compared with their Danish colleagues. The aim of this study was to compare the association between psychosocial work environment and hypertension among non-Western immigrant cleaners and Danish cleaners. METHODS: Two hundred and eighty-five cleaners from nine workplaces in ...

Purpose: Respiratory changes in the diameter of the inferior vena cava (IVC) have been validated as a measure of volume status and preload responsiveness during spontaneous breathing and mechanical ventilation. However, many intensive care patients are ventilated with triggered positive pressure ventilation (PPV). In this setting, there is no evidence ...

A convenient method has been developed, which allows for the direct transformation of aryl iodides into the corresponding carboxylic acid anhydrides via Pd-catalyzed carbonylation under atmospheric CO pressure.

Objectives:  Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) has become a standard procedure in pediatric surgery. To facilitate surgical access, the dependent lung has to collapse using intrathoracic carbon dioxide insufflation and/or single-lung ventilation. These procedures can induce hemodynamic deteriorations in adults. The potential impacts of single-lung ventilation in combination with capnothorax on ...

BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Tested hypotheses from social action theory that (a) implicit and explicit measures of agonistic (social control) motives and transcendence (self-control) motives differentially predict cardiovascular risk; and (b) implicit motives interact with everyday self-regulation behaviors to magnify risk. METHODS: Implicit/explicit agonistic/transcendence motives were assessed in a multi-ethnic sample ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Several healthful dietary patterns appear to be effective at lowering blood pressure and preventing hypertension. However, the relationship between dietary patterns and hypertension among a representative Chinese population sample is unclear. METHODS: A nationally representative sample of 23 671 participants aged 18-59 years were recruited by the 2002 ...

PURPOSE: Objective methods are essential for evaluating post-prostatectomy incontinence. While symptom score and pad weight may be the most useful methods to evaluate preoperative vs postoperative continence, neither is useful for guiding intraoperative sling tension. The Virtue quadratic sling (Coloplast, Humlebaek, Denmark) is a new device for treating post-prostatectomy incontinence ...

We have obtained high pressure H(2) isotherms with respect to the interlayer distance of multilayered graphene oxide (GO) modulated by thermal annealing. The maximum storage capacity is 4.8 (0.5) wt% at 77 K (298 K) and at 9.0 MPa pressure. We found the optimum GO interlayer distance for maximum H(2) ...

ObjectiveWork settings with high levels of stress are consistently associated with poor health outcomes. This study examines the longitudinal relationships between the number of hours of driving a bus in a city and blood pressure and musculoskeletal problems.MethodsA prospective longitudinal design coupled with multilevel random coefficient modeling was used to ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a respiratory disease characterized by the collapse of the extrathoracic airway and has important social implications related to accidents and cardiovascular risk. The main objective of the present study was to investigate whether the drop in expiratory flow and the volume expired in ...

The purpose of this study was to determine the difference in cuff pressure which occludes arterial blood flow for two different types of cuffs which are commonly used in blood flow restriction (BFR) research. Another purpose of the study was to determine what factors (i.e., leg size, blood pressure, and ...

Abstract Background: We developed a non-survival in vivo model for testing of gastric natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) closures based on the gastric yield pressure. The aim of this study was to test our model comparing different endoscopic closure techniques with surgical closure of a NOTES gastric incision. Methods: ...

Syntheses based on physical methods, such as pressure and light, are extremely attractive to prepare novel materials from pure molecular systems in condensed phases. The structural and electronic modifications induced by selective optical excitation can trigger unexpected chemical reactions by exploiting the high density conditions realized at high pressure. The ...

OBJECTIVE: To describe an experimental, unprecedented model that mimics the abdominal compartment syndrome (ACS). METHODS: twenty rats were randomly divided into four groups. To simulate ACS intra-abdominal hypertension (IAH) was induced by inserting cotton surgical dressing (Zobec ®), 15x15cm (intra-abdominal pressure constant and equal to 12 mmHg) associated with hypovolemia ...

A thermodiffusion cell is developed for performing Soret experiments on binary mixtures at high pressure and in the presence of a porous medium. The cell is validated by performing experiments at atmospheric pressure. The experiments are performed by applying different temperature gradients to binary mixtures in order to determine their ...

In previous research [Raspet et al., J. Acoust. Soc. Am. 123(3), 1260-1269 (2008)], predictions of the low frequency turbulence-turbulence and turbulence-mean shear interaction pressure spectra measured by a large wind screen were developed and compared to the spectra measured using large spherical wind screens in the flow. The predictions and ...

Measurement of left ventricular (LV) filling pressure is useful in decision making and prediction of outcomes in various cardiovascular diseases. Invasive cardiac catheterization has been the gold standard in LV filling pressure measurement, but carries the risk of complications and has a similar predictive value for clinical outcomes compared with ...

Objectives: Many centers have adopted central vein cannulation both for central venous pressure monitoring and fluid administration for right hepatectomy in living-liver donors. However, use of central venous catheters is associated with adverse events that are hazardous to patients and expensive to treat. This study sought to examine the use ...

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic autoimmune disease with episodic flares in affected joints; the etiology of RA is largely unknown. Recent studies in mice demonstrated that alterations in lymphatics from affected joints precede flares. Thus, we aimed to develop novel methods for measuring lymph node pressure and lymph viscosity ...

PURPOSE: The cuff volume of the Cobra perilaryngeal airway (CobraPLA) is larger than that of other alternative airway devices and makes it difficult to predict the effect of cuff pressure on the perilaryngeal mucosa. We tested the hypothesis that adjustment of the cuff pressure of the CobraPLA could reduce the ...

By using the dielectric relaxation method we studied molecular dynamics of α-tetralone. Our purpose was to reveal the molecular origin of secondary processes observed for this very simple-structured molecule. To this end we carried out dielectric measurements both at ambient and elevated pressure of neat α-tetralone and in mixture with ...

PURPOSE: We hypothesized that non-invasively determined work of breathing per minute (WOB(N)/min) (esophageal balloon not required) may be useful for predicting extubation outcome, i.e., appropriate work of breathing values may be associated with extubation success, while inappropriately increased values may be associated with failure. METHODS: Adult candidates for extubation were ...

OBJECTIVE: Recently, non-pharmacological resources to relieve pain like hot packs and ultrasound (US) have become common in clinical practice. However, little experimental evidence is available about the possible mechanisms through which these methods bring about pain relief. We aimed to determine the effects of hot packs and US on the ...

The use of a simplified system for perivenous infusion of tumescent fluid prior to endovenous laser ablation is described. Two infusion bag systems using different combinations of needle sizes (22, 23 and 25 gauge) and pressure settings (300 and 600 mmHg) as well as hand injections were tested in vivo. ...

Molecular and crystalline structures of (BH3)n have been theoretically studied in the pressure regime from 1 atm to 100 GPa. At lower pressures, crystals of the familiar molecular dimer are the structure of choice. At 1 atm, in addition to the well-characterized β diborane structure, we suggest a new polymorph ...

There is keen interest in continuous and noninvasive blood pressure (BP) measurement. However, many technologies have a shortcoming of complex mechanical structure. In our study, two arterial pulses are acquired by photoplethysmography (PPG) at ear and toe in order to explore a new method of measuring BP by pulse wave ...

BackgroundThe usefulness of the community pharmacy blood pressure (BP) (CPBP) method in assessing the effectiveness of antihypertensive treatment has not been adequately studied. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between community pharmacy, home, and physician office BP (POBP) measurement methods in treated hypertensive patients.MethodsBP was measured ...

BACKGROUND: Clip application has been proven to be effective for endoscopic hemostasis. There are limited bench data on the efficacy of the over-the-scope clip (OTSC) for the treatment of spurting GI hemorrhage. We evaluated the hemodynamic efficacy of the OTSC in an established bleeding model. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the hemodynamic ...

INTRODUCTION AND HYPOTHESIS: It has been suggested that repositioning pelvic organ prolapse (POP) by pessary support may improve pelvic floor muscle (PFM) function. The aim of the present study was to compare vaginal resting pressure and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) of the PFM measured with and without a ring pessary ...

Objective: This study aims to obtain the biomechanical properties of porcine cornea so as to provide necessary biomechanical experimental basis for pig-to-human corneal xenotransplantation. Methods: Seventeen fresh porcine corneal specimens obtained from pigs aged 4?6 months were examined under inflation conditions to determine the constitutive relationships of the material through ...

Our purpose is to review noninvasive methods for measuring central arterial pressure. Indices of central arterial pressure measured from central aortic and peripheral arterial waveforms have shown value in predicting cardiovascular events and death, as well as in guiding therapeutic management. This article reviews noninvasive techniques of measuring central arterial ...

To evaluate the influence of silicone hydrogel contact lenses on the intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement using Goldmann applanation tonometry (GAT), non-contact tonometry (NCT), and Pascal dynamic contour tonometry (DCT). We included in the study 40 eyes of 40 patients who did not have any ocular or systemic diseases or contraindications ...

OBJECTIVE: Hyperinflation of the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) cuff is thought to be the etiology underlying many of the complications associated with the use of this device. Until now, there has not been a clinically acceptable method (besides direct measurement) to assure that the cuff pressure is maintained less than ...

BACKGROUND: Although posterior capsule tightness is believed to cause abnormal contact in the subacromial space, it is not clear whether this tightness changes the contact between the acromion and humeral head. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Nine fresh, frozen cadaveric shoulders were used to measure contact pressure on the coracoacromial arch during ...

We developed nonintrusive methods for simultaneous electrocardiogram, photoplethysmogram and ballistocardiogram measurement that do not require direct contact between instruments and bare skin. These methods were applied to the design of a diagnostic chair for unconstrained heart rate and blood pressure monitoring purposes. Our methods were operationalized through capacitively coupled electrodes ...