BACKGROUND: Clinical end points are often used to guide inflation and adequacy of cuff seal after laryngeal mask airway placement. However, clinical end points for cuff inflation have been shown to have significantly higher intracuff pressure. The adjusted cuff pressure between 55 and 60 cm H(2) O causes significantly better seal ...

BACKGROUND: Cerebral vasoreactivity in obstructive sleep apnea syndrome is altered. Continuous positive airway pressure is effective in the reduction of the occurrence of apneas. We studied whether this treatment also improves cerebral vasoreactivity. METHODS: The breath-holding maneuver was performed and assessed by apnea test with transcranial Doppler in the basilar ...

BACKGROUND: /st>The i-gel™ supraglottic airway device has been studied in randomized controlled studies, but it has not been evaluated in a large prospective patient cohort. Therefore, we performed this prospective multicentre observational study to evaluate success rates, airway leak pressure, risk factors for i-gel failure, and adverse events. METHODS: /st>With ...

The air pressures within the glottis during phonation may be highly dependent upon the symmetry of the glottis and other laryngeal structures. Physical laryngeal models M5 and M6 have been used to explore the slanted "oblique" glottis with different included and oblique angles, the change to three dimensions, and the ...

The pressure exerted by an endotracheal tube cuff against the tracheal wall depends on the compliance of the trachea and cuff.

Various commercial and home-made continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) systems are described in this article. CPAP may be delivered via a range of device-patient interfaces; nasal CPAP is most common, and short binasal prongs impose the least extrinsic load impedance on the infant. The source of pressure generation is categorized ...

A 7-year-old gelded Irish sports horse weighing 650 kg was anesthetized on 2 consecutive days for lavage of a septic right radio-carpal joint. On both occasions the endotracheal tube connector, which had been bound in medical tape to produce an airtight seal, functioned as a unidirectional valve during mechanical ventilation, ...

Cricoid pressure has been long used by clinicians to reduce the risk of aspiration during tracheal intubation. Historically, it is defined by Sellick as temporary occlusion of the upper end of the oesophagus by backward pressure of the cricoid cartilage against the bodies of the cervical vertebrae. The clinical relevance ...

In the era of gentle ventilation and open lung strategy noninvasive ventilatory support in neonates has gained momentum and its use in nurseries around the world is also increased. This paper reviews various modalities of non-invasive respiratory support in some details and its relevance in the recent evidence based use. ...

Optiscope™ is a newly developed video stylet device. This study evaluated and compared the hemodynamic changes observed after endotracheal intubation with video stylet and after conventional laryngoscopic endotracheal intubation. Fifty-eight adult patients with American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status class 1 or 2, undergoing general anesthesia, were randomized into ...

This study was designed to compare the effect of dexmedetomidine and remifentanil used in anesthetic induction on hemodynamic change after direct laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. A total of 90 ASA class 1 or 2 patients were randomly assigned to one of 3 groups to receive one of the following treatments ...

The PEEP in ALI/ARDS had been used since its' description (1967). Up-to-date no optimal approach to PEEP setting had been introduced, however common approaches that had been introduced included Pressure volume curves, increasing PEEP trial, decreasing PEEP trial & PEEP/FiO2 tables adopted by ARDS network. The present work assessed the ...

We report two cases of successful urgent intubation using a Seldinger technique for airway management through an anesthesia facemask, while maintaining ventilation in patients with difficult airways and grossly distorted airway anatomy. In both cases, conventional airway management techniques were predicted to be difficult or impossible, and a high likelihood ...

The flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope and bonfils rigid intubation endoscope are being widely used for difficult intubations. The haemodynamic response to intubation under general anaesthesia was studied in 60 adult female patients who were intubated using either flexible fibreoptic bronchoscope or bonfils rigid intubation endoscope (30 in each group). Non-invasive blood ...

This case series is the first report of the use of CPAP (continuous positive airway pressure) ventilation in adult horses. Two horses and 3 ponies anesthetized for orthopedic procedures in lateral recumbency received 10 cm H(2)O CPAP. During anesthesia, arterial oxygen partial pressure tended to increase and arterial carbon dioxide ...

To compare two different supraglottic airway devices, the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) and the I-gel, regarding easiness of insertion of the device, leak pressure, gastric insufflation, end tidal CO2, oxygen saturation, hemodynamic and postoperative complications in anesthetized, spontaneously ventilated adult patients performing different non-emergency surgical procedures. The study was carried ...

This clinical study evaluated the effect of a suctioning maneuver on aspiration past the cuff during mechanical ventilation. Patients intubated for less than 48 hours with a PVC-cuffed tracheal tube, under mechanical ventilation with a PEEP ≥5 cm H2O and under continuous sedation, were included in the study. At ...

To determine the neurocognitive effects of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy on patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). The Apnea Positive Pressure Long-term Efficacy Study (APPLES) was a 6-month, randomized, double-blind, 2-arm, sham-controlled, multicenter trial conducted at 5 U.S. university, hospital, or private practices. Of 1,516 participants enrolled, 1,105 ...

To evaluate and compare the effectiveness and tolerability of preoxygenation with the self-inflating bag-valve-mask (BVM) and non-rebreather mask (NRM) as are used before emergency anaesthesia. Device performance evaluation. Experimental study. 12 male and 12 female healthy volunteers (age range 24-47) with no history of clinically significant respiratory disease. End-expiration oxygen ...

Previous studies comparing Glidescope and classic direct laryngoscopy did not show an attenuation of CV responses to endotracheal intubation. In the present study, we hypothesize that indirect videolaryngoscopy can attenuate cardiovascular responses to endotracheal intubation. In a randomized cross-over study, eighty adults (ASA PS II-III) were included. Both direct and ...

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is characterized by episodes of repeated airway obstruction resulting in cessation (apnea) or reduction (hypopnea) in airflow during sleep. These events lead to intermittent hypoxia and hypercapnia, sleep fragmentation, and changes in intrathoracic pressure, and are associated with a marked surge in sympathetic activity and an ...

Salt sensitivity of blood pressure has been studied in humans with a 48-hour inpatient protocol of salt loading and depletion or with longer outpatient protocols using high- and low-salt diets. Results have been reproducible, but both methods are laborious and costly. A 6-hour protocol of intravenous salt loading and furosemide ...

A novel flow-through polymerase chain reaction (PCR) microfluidic system using vapor pressure was developed that can achieve ultra-rapid, small-volume DNA amplification on a chip. The 40-cycle amplification can be completed in as little as 120s, making this device the fastest PCR system in the world. The chip device is made ...

BackgroundPrevious research shows serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D) and parathyroid hormone (PTH) are each associated with blood pressure (BP), but it is unclear whether these associations are independent.MethodsCross-sectional data from the US National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) during 2003-2006. Analyses were restricted to 7,561 participants aged ≥20 years with ...

Achievement of goal blood pressure values, particularly in high-risk categories of patients, still remains an unmet goal of the therapeutic approach to hypertension. The same conclusion can be drawn for patient adherence to antihypertensive drugs, which is a variable of major relevance for obtaining optimal blood pressure control in treated ...

The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is classifying the hemorrhoid prevention pressure wedge into class II (special controls). The special controls will apply to the device in order to provide a reasonable assurance of safety and effectiveness of the device. A hemorrhoid prevention pressure wedge provides support to the perianal ...

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Preventive cardiology has expanded beyond coronary heart disease towards prevention of a broader spectrum of cardiovascular diseases. Ethnic minorities are at proportionately greater risk for developing extracoronary vascular disease including heart failure and cerebrovascular disease. METHODS: We performed a cross sectional study of Latino and White hypertension patients ...

Introduction: Previous studies have demonstrated that hypertensive patients need concomitant therapy with one or more drugs from different classes of antihypertensive agents to achieve their blood pressure control targets. We performed the first multinational observational study of valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) single pill combination in Asia to determine the efficacy, safety, and ...

PURPOSE: We assessed the performance of different continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) helmets equipped with a safety valve during discontinuation of fresh gas flow. METHODS: This was a physiological study of five healthy volunteers. We delivered CPAP (fresh gas flow 60 l/min, FiO(2) 60%, PEEP 5 cmH(2)O) with three different helmets in ...

BACKGROUND: The scapula locator method has associated intra-observer and inter-observer errors caused by the dependency on the observer to locate the scapular landmarks. The potential effect of the pressures applied by the observer on the measured scapular kinematics when this method is used has also been overlooked so far. The ...

Aims:  To assess the contribution of proline biosynthesis to listerial barotolerance. Methods and Results:  Using a L. monocytogenes proBA deletion mutant, incapable of synthesizing proline, together with a proline overproducing strain, the contribution of proline synthesis to listerial barotolerance was determined. The ΔproBA strain does not survive as well as ...

Twelve healthy cattle (weighing 188-835kg) were placed in stocks and sedated with xylazine. Caudal epidural puncture was performed using an acoustic device that indicated a decrease in resistance with a change in pitch. Lidocaine was injected to verify correct needle placement by assessing needle prick stimuli applied on the left ...

If the patient's breathing circuit becomes disconnected during a high-airway-pressure event, Draeger Medical's Evita series and Savina ventilators may continue to display an "Airway Pressure High" alarm message, rather than appropriately displaying the "Airway Pressure Low" message. This may distract staff from the true hazard, potentially inhibiting or delaying care ...

Four oscillometric devices for self-measurement of blood pressure (SBPM) were evaluated according to the European Society of Hypertension (ESH) international protocol and its 2010 revision in four separate studies. The Omron® M2, Omron M3, and Omron M6 measure blood pressure (BP) at the brachial level, while the Omron R2 measures ...

A novel pressure sensing scheme based on the effect of a conforming elastomer material on the transmission spectrum of tilted fiber Bragg gratings is presented. Lateral pressure on the elastomer increases its contact angle around the circumference of the fiber and strongly perturbs the optical transmission of the grating. Using ...

Compressive treatment is recognized as therapy to prevent and treat chronic venous insufficiency. Measurement of the pressure exerted by compression hosiery is important within the context of clinical trials. Different pressure sensors are available, with different performance. This study is a metrological characterization of three interface pressure sensors (Salzmann, Talley, ...

The photoelastic effect is used for stress measurement during endovascular surgery simulation for quantitative evaluation of catheter trajectory in in vitro environments. By extending the capabilities of this sensing technology, its potential for intravascular tools evaluation will increase. In this research the error introduced by stress direction on magnitude measurements ...

BACKGROUND: The photoelastic effect is used for stress measurement during endovascular surgery simulation for quantitative evaluation of catheter trajectory in in vitro environments. By extending the capabilities of this sensing technology, its potential for intravascular tools evaluation will increase. METHODS: In this research the error introduced by stress direction on ...

The Surgical Pleth Index (SPI) is proposed as a means to assess the balance between noxious stimulation and the anti-nociceptive effects of anaesthesia. In this study, we compared SPI, mean arterial pressure (MAP), and heart rate (HR) as a means of assessing this balance. We studied a standard stimulus [head-holder ...

Anaesthesia requires maintenance of a patent airway. Nasotracheal intubation of a red kangaroo (Macropus rufus) was performed when the inability to open the animal’s mouth prevented orotracheal intubation. Nasotracheal intubation was easy to perform, secured the airway and permitted delivery of supplemental oxygen, isoflurane and intermittent positive pressure ventilation.

Epidural anesthesia is commonly utilized in veterinary medicine to allow diagnostic, obstetrical, and surgical intervention, in the perineal region of domestic animal. The following study was carried out to directly compare the time of onset and duration of anesthesia produced by a tramadol and lidocaine-tramadol combination with that produced by ...

The aim was to investigate if intraoperative registrations of blood pressure and heart rate could be used to estimate surgical trauma. In a prospective clinical trial, registrations in eight dogs neutered by laparoscopic ovariectomy (LOE) were compared with eight dogs subjected to open ovariohysterectomy (OHE). For comparisons phases were used: ...

Several studies have demonstrated that ephedrine shortens the onset time of muscle relaxants, and it does so probably by increasing the cardiac output. However, elevation of the systemic blood pressure through α adrenergic stimulation via ephedrine may affect the onset of muscle relaxants during the induction of anesthesia. We investigated ...

Background: Laryngoscopy and endotracheal intubation are known to cause increase in both arterial blood pressure and heart rate. Several strategies have been evolved to blunt the haemodynamic response to tracheal intubation but each method has its own advantages and disadvantages. Esmolol, a cardio selective Beta -1 blocking drug, can alleviate ...

Beta-1-receptor blockade reduces heart rate, cardiac output, and arterial pressure while increasing peripheral vascular resistance. It is possible that beta blockers not only inhibit the core-to-peripheral re-distribution of body heat and cutaneous heat loss due to vasodilation after anesthesia induction but also reduce the convective transfer of heat from the ...

To evaluate the effect of propofol (two mg/kg)/remifentanil (4 μg/kg) on intraocular pressure (IOP) when used for rapid-sequence induction. Randomized, double-blinded trial. Ambulatory surgery center. 47 adult, ASA physical status I and II patients (ages 18-75 yrs), undergoing outpatient, elective, nonophthalmologic surgery. After premedication with midazolam (two mg) and glycopyrrolate ...

BACKGROUND: The aim of the present study was to establish whether elevated carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (c-fPWV), an indicator of aortic stiffness, assessed before surgery, is correlated with variations in arterial pressure (AP) during induction of anaesthesia in elderly patients undergoing non-cardiovascular surgery. METHODS: c-fPWV was measured with the PulsePen(®) ...

A rapid sequence intubation (RSI) method was introduced to a university-based emergency medical services (EMS) system. This is a report of the initial experience with the first 50 patients in a unique, two-tiered, two advanced life support (ALS) providers system. The data were evaluated prospectively after an extensive RSI training ...

Sedation is important for the success and quality of endoscopy. We aimed to evaluate the safety of propofol during the endoscopy under supervision of a gastroenterologist without an anesthesiologist. All propofol using endoscopic procedures between January 2004 and December 2008 were evaluated retrospectively. All patients received i.v. propofol plus midazolam ...

We designed this study to determine the effect of the menstrual cycle on the hemodynamic response to tracheal intubation (TI). Sixty-two ASA I women who were either in the follicular phase (group F, n = 31) or luteal phase (group L, n = 31) of their menstrual cycle were included ...