The purpose of this study was to evaluate the chronic effect of rilmenidine on time domain indexes of heart rate variability in patients with mild hypertension. Twenty patients (12 males, eight females; mean age, 47 yr; age range, 38-55 yr), with untreated and newly diagnosed mild hypertension were studied. There ...

OBJECTIVE: Our objective was to investigate the cardiovascular effects of almotriptan, a 5-hydroxytryptamine 1B/1D agonist, in treated patients with hypertension. METHODS: Twenty patients with hypertension controlled by medication received the following treatments in a randomized, double-blind, crossover design: one placebo tablet, one 12.5-mg almotriptan tablet, and one 25-mg almotriptan tablet. ...

This pilot study was aimed at investigating the hypotensive potential of hawthorn extract and magnesium dietary supplements individually and in combination, compared with a placebo. Thirty-six mildly hypertensive subjects completed the study. At baseline, anthropometric and dietary assessment, as well as blood pressure measurements were taken at rest, after exercise ...

Hypertension in the elderly, especially systolic hypertension, has been recognized as a major cardiovascular risk factor. Several international studies, using primarily diuretics and/or beta-blockers, have shown the benefits of antihypertensive treatment in elderly patients in terms of cardiovascular morbidity and mortality reduction. However, because the risk of side-effects is a ...

BACKGROUND: ACE inhibitors and calcium antagonists may modulate fibrinolysis. We conducted a randomized controlled trial to assess the effects of these drugs on plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) antigen, an inhibitor of fibrinolysis. METHODS AND RESULTS: Participants with hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=96, 51% black) were randomized after an ...

BACKGROUND: Despite a substantial nonhuman literature in the area, few studies have experimentally evaluated the effects of repeated stimulant administration in human participants. This study examined the effects of repeated cocaine in individuals with histories of abuse and dependence. METHODS: Twenty-two individuals with recent histories of cocaine abuse received under ...

Effects of amlodipine (AML), a long-acting calcium antagonist, and losartan (LOS), an angiotensin II receptor antagonist, on 24-hr blood pressure profile were compared in 15 patients with essential hypertension. After 4 weeks of placebo period, the patients were treated with AML or LOS in a random crossover design for 12-16 ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to measure the time-effect profiles of a once-daily administered valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide combination and amlodipine on blood pressure using various indices derived from 24-h ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring. METHODS: Of the 310 randomized outpatients with uncomplicated mild-to-moderate primary hypertension, 259 (133 on valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide, 126 ...

Candesartan cilexetil is converted to the angiotensin II receptor antagonist candesartan during absorption from the gastrointestinal tract. The selective and competitive binding of candesartan to the angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor prevents binding of angiotensin II, a key mediator in the renin-angiotensin system. Significant reductions in systolic BP and ...

This multicentre, open-label extension study to four controlled trials involved 888 patients with mild-to-moderate primary hypertension. Patients received telmisartan 40-80 mg once daily with add-on hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ; 12.5-25 mg) if necessary and/or other antihypertensives to achieve diastolic blood pressure (DBP) control (<90 mmHg). Treatment continued for up to 4 years. ...

OBJECTIVES: To compare the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the imidazoline I1-receptor agonist moxonidine, administered as a single daily dose of 0.6 mg, with the angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor enalapril (20 mg o.d.) in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension. METHODS: A total of 154 patients were enrolled and randomized ...

Self-monitoring values of blood pressure may better reflect the average long-term blood pressure value than sporadic measurements in the physician's office and be more useful for blood pressure control. In the present study, we compared the results of self-monitoring of blood pressure values, especially in the morning, with office blood ...

OBJECTIVE: Many patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN) have levels of albuminuria > 1 g/day and blood pressure >135/85 mmHg, despite antihypertensive combination therapy, including recommended doses of ACE inhibitors, e.g., lisinopril/enalapril at 20 mg daily. We tested the concept that such patients might benefit from dual blockade of the renin-angiotensin ...

Sibutramine treatment in obesity results in significantly greater weight reduction compared with placebo, although weight loss with sibutramine may be accompanied by small but statistically significant mean increases in blood pressure (BP). This 52-week, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomised study investigated the effects of sibutramine 20 mg once daily or placebo on ...

AIMS: To compare the effects of two long-acting calcium antagonists of different types on cardiovascular stress responses in hypertension. METHODS: One-hundred and forty-five patients with mild to moderate hypertension and a mean (+/- s.e.mean) age of 51 +/- 0.9 years received for 8 weeks the phenylalkylamine verapamil sustained release (240 ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare 2 different doses of intravenous nicardipine versus placebo to control heart rate and blood pressure responses to emergence and extubation. DESIGN: Prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled. SETTING: University hospital, single-institutional. PARTICIPANTS: Forty-five American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) class I through III adult patients. INTERVENTIONS: General endotracheal anesthesia was ...

BACKGROUND: Arginine vasopressin may contribute to abnormalities in hemodynamics and fluid balance in heart failure through its actions on V(1A) (vascular and myocardial effects) and V(2) receptors (renal effects). Inhibiting the action of vasopressin may be beneficial in patients with heart failure. METHODS AND RESULTS: A total of 142 patients ...

Hypertension is a major public health problem both in the developing and developed countries of the world and if untreated, can lead to various fatal complications like cerebral stroke, encephalopathy, ischaemic heart disease (IHD), renal failure and sudden cardiac death, etc. In the present study, a comparative evaluation was made ...

BACKGROUND: Increasing numbers of the adult population are using alternative or complementary health resources in the treatment of chronic medical conditions. Systemic hypertension affects more than 50 million adults and is one of the most common risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the antihypertensive effectiveness of ...

The cost of treating hypertension represents a substantial percentage of total pharmacy expenditures at medical centers and by managed care organizations in the United States. The present study evaluated improvements in blood pressure control and cost savings achieved by switching 543 hypertensive patients from nifedipine gastrointestinal therapeutic system (GITS) to ...

OBJECTIVES: To determine the impact of three non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on the efficacy of two anti-hypertensive drugs. DESIGN: Fifteen women with arthritis and hypertension who were receiving lisinopril and HCT, and administered sequentially in random order ibuprofen, sulindac, and diclofenac for one month each, with an intervening two-week washout period ...

This double-blind, multicenter trial compared antihypertensive efficacy, tolerability, and impact on quality of life of manidipine and amlodipine in patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. Patients were randomly assigned to 48 weeks of once-daily manidipine, 10-20 mg, or amlodipine, 5-10 mg. Patients who did not respond to treatment after 12 weeks ...

Sublingual (SL) apomorphine (2 to 6 mg) has been shown to be effective for treatment of male erectile dysfunction. Many patients with erectile dysfunction are also being treated for systemic hypertension and/or cardiovascular disease. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, crossover trial, SL apomorphine 5 mg and placebo were administered on ...

OBJECTIVES: To investigate if antihypertensive treatment could improve endothelium-dependent vasodilatation in hypertensive patients, and whether the angiotensin II subtype-1 (AT1)-receptor antagonist irbesartan and the beta1-receptor antagonist atenolol would differ in this respect. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Thirty-four patients (28 men and six women) with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension (diastolic blood pressure 90-120 ...

BACKGROUND: It is unknown whether either the angiotensin-II-receptor blocker irbesartan or the calcium-channel blocker amlodipine slows the progression of nephropathy in patients with type 2 diabetes independently of its capacity to lower the systemic blood pressure. METHODS: We randomly assigned 1715 hypertensive patients with nephropathy due to type 2 diabetes ...

Omapatrilat, a novel vasopeptidase inhibitor, is a highly potent and selective inhibitor of neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin-converting enzyme; its therapeutic potential is being investigated for treatment of hypertension and heart failure. In the present study, the safety, tolerability, and hemodynamic effects of single oral doses of omapatrilat (1 to 50 ...

OBJECTIVES: To assess the efficacy and safety of sildenafil citrate (Viagra) in men with erectile dysfunction and parkinsonism due either to Parkinson's disease or multiple system atrophy. METHODS: Twenty four patients with erectile disease were recruited, 12 with Parkinson's disease and 12 with multiple system atrophy, into a randomised, double ...

OBJECTIVE: To compare the antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of a once-daily fixed valsartan/hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) combination and amlodipine in subjects with mild-to-moderate hypertension. SUBJECTS AND SETTING: In this multicentre, double-blind, randomized, comparative trial, 690 patients with sitting systolic blood pressure (BP) > or = 160 mmHg and sitting diastolic BP > ...

STUDY OBJECTIVE: To compare 24-hour blood pressure control and adverse effects in patients with essential hypertension who were switched from amlodipine to nisoldipine. DESIGN: Open-label, one-way crossover study. SETTING: Cardiac clinic and patients' homes. PATIENTS: Twenty-five patients with stage I or II essential hypertension stabilized with amlodipine for at least ...

STUDY OBJECTIVES: Tezosentan, an IV dual endothelin-receptor antagonist, has demonstrated beneficial hemodynamic effects in patients with advanced heart failure. In addition, no notable differences in safety and tolerability variables were detected between tezosentan-treated and placebo-treated patients when infused over 4 to 6 h. The present study was conducted primarily to ...

BACKGROUND: African Americans with hypertension, particularly those with more severe blood pressure elevations, are generally less responsive to monotherapy from any antihypertensive class. These patients usually require treatment with drugs from > or = 2 antihypertensive classes to achieve adequate blood pressure control. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was ...

This multicenter, double-blind study evaluated efficacy and safety of the vasopeptidase inhibitor omapatrilat, which simultaneously inhibits neutral endopeptidase and angiotensin converting enzyme, when given in conjunction with hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) to subjects nonresponsive to HCTZ alone. The study enrolled 657 subjects with mild to severe hypertension. After a 2-week placebo lead-in ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the addition of doxazosin in the treatment of hypertensive patients who are being treated on another antihypertensive drug. The open-labeled, noncomparative, multicenter study was carried out in 2363 male hypertensive outpatients > 40 years of age, under ...

Previous clinical trials have demonstrated the important influence of ethnicity and dietary salt on the antihypertensive efficacy of drugs that block the renin angiotensin system. Angiotensin II receptor blockers are a new therapeutic entity that have not been widely studied in African American hypertensives, either alone, or in combination with ...

To investigate the effect of amlodipine on baroreflex sensitivity and sympathetic system activity, 36 patients with essential hypertension were randomized to once-daily, double-blind treatment with amlodipine 5 mg or placebo 5 mg for 60 days. Measurements with a Finapres device allowed calculation of baroreflex sensitivity and blood pressure (BP) variability. ...

BACKGROUND: Indoramin is an alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonist and has been shown to reduce anal resting pressure. Its therapeutic potential has not been explored. The aim of this study was to determine the outcome of treatment with oral indoramin on patients with chronic anal fissure in the setting of a double-blind randomized ...

In a series of earlier studies, an oral dose of 0.5 mg/kg d-amphetamine was administered to 81 patients with schizophrenia and eight normal control subjects. Seven more subjects with schizophrenia received placebo. Blood pressure and pulse rate were monitored before and 3 hours after drug administration. Blood pressure increased in ...

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in a prospective, double-blind, placebo-controlled study the effect of long-term (2-year) lisinopril treatment on cardiovascular end-organ damage in patients with previously untreated isolated systolic hypertension (ISH). All patients with ISH were derived from a population screening program. End-organ damage measurements, done initially ...

AIMS: The aim of this study was to compare the effect profiles of i.v. administered rilmenidine aimed at the same target plasma concentration, but attained with different rates. METHODS: The study was placebo-controlled, randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, three-way, cross-over in nine healthy volunteers. All subjects randomly received either a fast infusion, ...

Angiotensin II receptor blockers have shown widespread efficacy as antihypertensive medications. These agents bind selectively to angiotensin II type 1 (AT(1)) receptors, specifically blocking the renin-angiotensin system at the last step in its cascade. CS-866 is the most recently introduced drug in this class. This article presents integrated safety and ...

OBJECTIVE: This study was designed mainly to establish the rates of response to valsartan 80mg once daily (qd) and to valsartan 160mg qd given to non-responders to 80mg qd, as well as to determine the safety of valsartan and the blood pressure control achieved using valsartan over a period of ...

The objective of this study was to evaluate the long-term effects of enalapril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor, and losartan, an angiotensin type 1 receptor antagonist, on the proliferation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in patients with essential hypertension. Nine patients with a sitting diastolic blood pressure of > 95 ...

The comparative antihypertensive efficacy and tolerability of the angiotensin II receptor blocker candesartan cilexetil and the calcium channel blocker amlodipine were evaluated in an 8-week, multicenter, double-blind, randomized, parallel-group, forced-titration study in 251 adult patients (45% women, 16% black) with mild hypertension (stage 1). Following a 4- to 5-week placebo ...

Dopamine agonists have been studied in chronic heart failure, but earlier reports with non-selective compounds demonstrated unfavourable long-term effects. CHF 1035 is an orally active, new selective dopamine agonist, primarily activating DA2- and alpha2 receptors, thereby inhibiting norepinephrine release, which may be beneficial in heart failure. We conducted a double-blind, ...

We studied the possible cardiovascular effects of single oral doses of 12.5, 25, and 50 mg of almotriptan, a new triptan for treatment of migraine, in a randomized, double-blind, four-way crossover, placebo-controlled study in 24 healthy volunteers aged 18 to 35 years. Doses were given at 1-week intervals. Cardiovascular effects ...

BACKGROUND: Arthritis and hypertension are common comorbid conditions affecting elderly adults. Use of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs in patients treated with antihypertensive medication can lead to destabilization of blood pressure control and other cardiorenal events. The potential for similar interactions with cyclooxygenase-2-specific inhibitors has not been fully explored. The authors evaluated ...

BACKGROUND: Hypertension and cyclosporine-induced nephrotoxicity are common complications in heart transplant recipients. Omega-3 fatty acids may prevent blood pressure rise early, but have not been studied long-term after heart transplantation. METHODS AND RESULTS: Forty-five clinically stable hypertensive heart transplant recipients were studied 1-12 years after transplantation and randomized in a ...

This multicentre, randomized, double-blind study compared the anti-hypertensive efficacy and safety of oral once-daily imidapril 5-20 mg and hydrochlorothiazide 12.5-50 mg in elderly patients with mild-to-moderate essential hypertension. After 24 weeks of treatment, there was a significant reduction in mean sitting diastolic blood pressure from 102.5 mmHg to 87.2 mmHg ...

BACKGROUND: To test whether saw palmetto extracts, which act as alpha1-adrenoceptor antagonists in vitro, also do so in vivo in man. METHODS: In a placebo-controlled, double-blind, four-way cross-over study 12 healthy young men were treated with three different saw palmetto extract preparations (320 mg o.d.) for 8 days each. On ...

Twenty-four patients with arterial hypertension (WHO class I) received either 4 capsules of an onion-olive oil maceration product, containing essential ingredients of the Mediterranean diet, or placebo daily over a period of one week. In order to investigate the acute effect on arterial blood pressure, measurements were performed before and ...