Diatom indices are used to evaluate the ecological status of rivers but they have been rarely applied in estuaries. This study aimed to identify the diatom species indicating the main environmental gradients and pressures in a highly stratified estuary; and to evaluate the applicability of existing freshwater diatom indices. Marine ...

The use of a thermal buttocks manikin was explored as a tool to standardize the evaluation of seat comfort. Thermal manikin buttocks were developed and calibrated thermally and anatomically to simulate the sensible heat transfer of a seated person and used to evaluate interface pressure distribution. In essence, the pressure ...

Physical activity (PA) reduces risk of cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension. However, the international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ) relationships with blood pressure (BP) and flow (BF) and vascular resistance (VR) in healthy young individuals have not been studied. Therefore, BP, BF, and VR relationships with the IPAQ were evaluated in college ...

Objectives: To estimate accuracy and reliability of pharmacy-based fixed-location automated blood pressure devices (ABPDs) and to test the hypothesis that an ABPD is less accurate with more variable results than a home blood pressure device (HBPD).Methods: Randomized study comparing 99 ABPDs with an Omron Digital HBPD in Indiana pharmacies. Each ...

BACKGROUND: A higher oropharyngeal leak pressure (OLP) is a marker of efficacy and safety when using laryngeal mask airway devices. The new disposable laryngeal mask airway (LMA™) Supreme™ has lower OLP compared with the LMA ProSeal™. Increased intracuff pressure of laryngeal mask airway devices may improve OLP but may result ...

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the reliability of a newly developed stiffness-determining device, composed of a leg mannequin and air-pack type analyser, for measuring the interface pressure. METHOD: The correlation of stiffness values obtained employing the Hohenstein method and this new method was investigated using 17 different brands of medical elastic compression ...

BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QoL) is impaired in diastolic heart failure. Little is known about QoL in diastolic dysfunction (DD) without heart failure. METHODS: In the DIAST-CHF observational study, outpatients with risk factors for or a history of heart failure were included. In a cross-sectional analysis, we classified patients with ...

Background: Despite more frequent use of the oscillometric method (OSC) for arterial blood pressure (BP) measurement, little is known about OSC's accuracy when used with hemodialysed patients. This study was undertaken to determine if hemodialysis (HD) and individual features in examined patients can affect the accuracy of OSC for BP ...

Arterial stiffness has been proposed as an indicator of vascular aging. We aimed to examine this concept by analyzing associations of arterial stiffness with age, subjective and objective measures of physical functioning, and self-reported functional limitation. We measured aortic pulse wave velocity by applanation tonometry among 5392 men and women ...

Pressure ulcers are a huge concern for health professionals, cause suffering to patients and are associated with increased morbidity. Aim: This literature review provides an overview of the literature on the three most commonly used pressure ulcer risk assessment scales-the Waterlow scale, the Braden scale and the Norton scale. Method: ...

After habituation, participants were first induced into negative vs. positive moods and performed then an attention task with either low vs. high hedonic instrumentality of success. In the high-instrumentality condition participants expected to see a funny movie after success and an unpleasant movie after failure; in the low-instrumentality condition participants ...

The association between racism and the physical health of native U.S. populations has yet to be examined despite their high risk for stress-related disorders and a history of discrimination toward them. We examined the correlation between perceived racism and the two physiological stress indices of cortisol level and blood pressure ...

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Pharyngeal manometry and impedance provide information on swallow function. We developed a new analysis approach for assessment of aspiration risk. METHODS: We studied 20 patients (30-95 years old), with suspected aspiration who were referred for videofluoroscopy, along with controls (aged 24-47 years). The pharyngeal phase of liquid ...

OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop and validate the novel application of a simple n-point moving average (NPMA)-a mathematical low pass filter-to noninvasively derive central aortic systolic pressure (CASP) from the radial artery pressure waveform (RAPWF) in humans. BACKGROUND: CASP may be an important independent determinant of ...

Thermodilution is the current standard for determination of cardiac output. The method is invasive and constitutes a risk for the patient. As an alternative CO(2) rebreathing allows non-invasive cardiac output estimation using Ficks principle. The method relies on estimation of arterial CO(2) partial pressure from end-tidal CO(2) pressure and estimation ...

Anxious attachment predicts strong desires for intimacy and stability in romantic relationships, yet the relation between anxious attachment and romantic commitment is unclear. We propose that extant literature has failed to find a consistent relation because anxiously attached individuals experience conflicting pressures on commitment. Data from Australia (N=137) show that ...

To compare two methods for screening interarm difference (IAD) of blood pressure. This study compared two methods for double-arm measurements: (i) conventional measurement (CM) and (ii) simultaneous automatic measurement (SAM). A total of 118 patients with two or more cardiovascular risk factors and a mean age of 59±17 years were ...

BACKGROUND: We investigated the effects on intraocular pressure (IOP) and blood pressure (BP) of playing brass and woodwind instruments by monitoring IOP and BP in a representative group of professional musicians under a variety of common playing conditions. METHODS: IOP and BP measurements were recorded from 37 brass and 15 ...

Chronic left ventricular (LV) pressure overload induced by hypertension is one of the most common causes of heart failure. Earlier reports have shown the cardioprotective effects of erythropoietin (EPO). In the present study, we tested the hypothesis that recombinant human EPO exerts a protective effect against pressure-overload induced LV remodeling. ...

The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a pressure ulcer risk assessment for acute hospitals. This tool was developed in a cohort of 342 patients with a mean age 63 years (SD 19.82) and validated in a second cohort of 165 patients with a mean age 68 ...

The roles of the alveolar and systemic CO₂ on the lung mechanics were investigated in dogs subjected to cardiopulmonary bypass. Low-frequency pulmonary impedance data (Z(L)) were collected in open-chest dogs with an alveolar CO₂ level (FA(CO₂)) of 0.2-7% and during systemic hypercapnia before and after elimination of the vagal tone. ...

Before obtaining results of arterial blood gas analysis in mechanically ventilated patients undergoing neurosurgery, the volume of ventilation is primarily adjusted according to endtidal CO2 (EtCO2). We characterized the impact of various arterial blood pressure changes on arterial PCO2 (PaCO2) to EtCO2 differences (PaCO2-EtCO2) in patients anesthetized for craniotomy. Seventy-two ...

The use of a tourniquet for obtaining a bloodless field is an essential and accepted tool for extremity surgery. A prospective study was done on 30 adult patients undergoing elective limb surgery requiring tourniquet application for haemodynamic and End tidal CO2 (EtCO2) changes. After the induction of general anaesthesia a ...

In-depth investigation of cerebrovascular blood flow and MR mechanisms underlying the blood oxygenation level dependent signal requires precise manipulation of the arterial partial pressure of carbon dioxide and oxygen, measured by their noninvasive surrogates, the end-tidal values. The traditional methodology consists of administering a fixed fractional concentration of inspired CO(2), ...

Gas pressure influences the regioselectivity and enantioselectivity of aryl alkene hydroformylation as catalyzed by rhodium complexes of the BisDiazaphos ligand. Deuterioformylation of styrene at 80 degrees C results in extensive deuterium incorporation into the terminal position of the recovered styrene. This result establishes that rhodium hydride addition to form a ...

BACKGROUND: There may be large differences between measurements of end-tidal carbon dioxide partial pressure (Petco(2)) and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (Paco(2)) during laparoscopic surgeries. Transcutaneous carbon dioxide (Ptcco(2)) monitoring can be used to noninvasively and continuously estimate Paco(2). In the present study we evaluated the accuracy of Ptcco(2) monitoring ...

The current research examines the impact of agitation on deactivation of isoamylase and β-amylase under supercritical carbon dioxide (SC-CO2). Our experimental results showed that the activity of either enzyme decreased with increasing pressure or speed of agitation. The degree of enzymatic deactivation caused by pressure became more prominent in the ...

Pneumothorax associated with a pneumoperitonium in laparoscopic surgery is rare but can cause life-threatening complications. A 62-year-old man was scheduled for a laparoscopy-assisted Billroth-I gastrectomy under general anesthesia. Approximately 70 minutes after insufflating carbon dioxide into the intraabdominal cavity at a pressure of 12 mmHg, the peak inspiratory pressure increased, ...

High-pressure (129)Xe NMR has been used to monitor in real time the self-assembly of reverse water-in-supercritical carbon dioxide micelles in the absence of shear, without the need for sensitivity enhancement techniques such as hyperpolarization.

Valid measurements of blood pressure, both at clinical and community settings, are essential for monitoring this variable at the population level. To evaluate the validity of a wrist digital monitor for measuring blood pressure among adolescents in comparison to a mercury sphygmomanometer. A validation study was carried out in the ...

Regional blood flow in the lung is known to be influenced by the alveolar PCO2 and alveolar PO2. For the healthy lung, the extent to which this influence is of functional importance in limiting heterogeneity in alveolar gas composition by matching regional perfusion (q) to regional ventilation (v) remains unclear. ...

The steep (40 degrees ) Trendelenburg position optimizes surgical exposure during robotic prostatectomy. The goal of the current study was to investigate the combined effect of this position and CO(2) pneumoperitoneum on cardiovascular, cerebrovascular, and respiratory homeostasis during these procedures. Physiological data were recorded during the whole surgical procedure in ...

Interfacial friction plays a crucial role in the mechanical properties of carbon nanotube based fibers, composites, and devices. Here we use molecular dynamics simulation to investigate the pressure effect on the friction within carbon nanotube bundles. It reveals that the intertube frictional force can be increased by a factor of ...

Electrochemical carboxylation is conducted in ionic liquids compressed with carbon dioxide. It is found that the current efficiency increases with temperature and pressure. The diffusion coefficient of the substrate, which is obtained from the electrochemical measurements, also remarkably increases with temperature and pressure. The increase of the current efficiency is ...

Humans with spinal cord injury have impaired cardiovascular function proportional to the level and completeness of the lesion. The effect on cerebrovascular function is unclear, especially for high-level lesions. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the integrity of dynamic cerebral autoregulation (CA) and the cerebrovascular reactivity in chronic ...

OBJECTIVE: To assess the effects of the duration of anaesthesia, position of recumbency, mode of ventilation, anaesthetic drug protocol, patient age and type of surgical procedure on the usefulness of capnometry as a measure of the partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (P(a)co(2)) during general anaesthesia in horses. DESIGN: A ...

Standardized assessment instruments are deemed important for estimating pressure ulcer risk. Today, more than 40 so-called pressure ulcer risk assessment scales are available but still there is an ongoing debate about their usefulness. From a measurement point of view pressure ulcer (PU) risk assessment scales have serious limitations. Empirical evidence ...

As a way to promote consistency and completeness of pressure ulcer risk assessment, as well as to establish a framework for data and knowledge sharing in this domain, we constructed an ontology that represents how the characteristics of the high risk patients defined by the Braden scale are operationalized at ...

The cardiac cavity of an isolated rat heart was filled with a Krebs-Henseleit (KH) solution, and the heart was hung in a high-pressure chamber. After the high-pressure chamber had been filled with a mixed gas (PCO = 400 hPa, PCO(2) = 100 hPa, PO(2) = 900 hPa, PHe = 5600 ...

INTRODUCTION: Near-death experiences (NDEs) are reported by 11-23% of cardiac arrest survivors. Several theories concerning the mechanisms of NDEs exist - including physical, psychological, and transcendental reasons - but so far none of these has satisfactorily explained this phenomenon. In this study, we investigated the effect of partial pressures of ...

INTRODUCTION: Dead space negatively influences carbon dioxide (CO(2)) elimination, particularly at high respiratory rates (RR) used at low tidal volume ventilation in acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). Aspiration of dead space (ASPIDS), a known method for dead space reduction, comprises two mechanisms activated during late expiration: aspiration of gas from ...

OBJECTIVE: To determine agreement between arterial partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PaCO(2)) and end-tidal partial pressures of carbon dioxide (PETCO(2)) measured with a nasal catheter in spontaneously breathing, critically ill dogs. DESIGN: Validation study. ANIMALS: 26 client-owned dogs admitted to an intensive care unit for various conditions. PROCEDURES: PaCO(2) was ...

OBJECTIVE: To explore the correlation and concordance between end-tidal carbon dioxide and arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure, and confirm the experience of the general consensus among service environments. DESIGN: A prospective cross-sectional analysis. SETTING: Two respiratory service units in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred respiratory patients were recruited, in whom ...

OBJECTIVE: The aim of this work was to establish reliable parameters of the correct position of the Veress needle in the peritoneal cavity during creation of pneumoperitoneum. METHODS: The Veress needle was inserted into the peritoneal cavity of 100 selected patients, and a carbon-dioxide flow rate of 1.2 L/min and ...

OBJECTIVE: Endoscopic vein harvest (EVH) for coronary artery bypass grafting surgery is performed with carbon dioxide (CO2) insufflation for visualization and dissection. The insufflated CO2 is rapidly absorbed into the body and may influence haemodynamics. However, the haemodynamic changes during EVH have not been clearly defined. This study evaluated the ...

An infant of 5 kg of body weight was being ventilated with a conventional ventilator with a tidal volume of 40 mL and respiratory rate of 35 rpm, maintaining an expired CO2 of 37 mm Hg and a transcutaneous PCO2 of 43 mm Hg. For transfer, an Oxylog 3000 ventilator ...

Plasma B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels obtained at rest have been previously shown to be correlated with the global functional capacity measures of peak oxygen uptake (V(O(2peak))) and the minute ventilation/carbon dioxide (VE/V(O(2))) slope. The purpose of this study was to assess the relationship of the plasma BNP level to ...

BACKGROUND: Long-lasting minimally invasive procedures are increasingly used for children. However, the hemodynamic effects of a prolonged carbon dioxide (CO(2)) pneumoperitoneum (PP) on small infants are poorly understood and may differ from the effects on adolescents. This study aimed to detect and compare these effects in neonatal and adolescent pigs. ...

Ammonia is the third most important respiratory gas in ammoniotelic fish after oxygen and carbon dioxide. We here investigated the effects of elevated plasma ammonia on ventilation in freshwater rainbow trout. Intact trout fitted with indwelling dorsal aortic catheters were given injections (over 5 min) of Cortland saline, isotonic high ...

INTRODUCTION: Inhalation injury can be thermal and/or chemical. We report bilateral pneumothorax following acute inhalation injury. CASE REPORT: A male worker in an upholstery factory was confined in the tanning machine for 15 min. The device was used to contain sodium sulfate, sulfur dioxide, and sulfuric acid. On admission, he ...